Voice Flashcards
Inhalation
diaphragm contracts for inhalation flattens downward increasing thoracic area and lung volume
Tidal volume
normal breathing cycle in and out at rest
Inspiratory Reserve Volume
air you can inhale beyond the TV
Expiratory Reserve Volume
air you can exhale beyond TV
Reserve Volume
air in body that we have no access too it just sits there
Vital Capacity
all the air you can take in and exhale
Thryrohyoid
pulls the larynx up slightly and reduced the space between hyoid bone and the larynx
sternohyoid
pulls down on the hyoid and squeezed larynx down
sternothyroid
pulls down the larynx
omohyoid
pulls down the hyoid together w/ the larynx
Digastric
Anterior belly pulls hyoid lifts up and forwardPosterior (hyoid to temporal) belly pulls hyoid up and back
Stylohyoid
pulls hyoid up and back
mylohyoid
pulls hyoid up and forward
geniohyoid
pulls hyoid up and forward
interarytenoid
adduct arytenoidsheld adduct vocal folds
Lateral cricoarytenoid
adducts vocal processes of the arytenoidsadducts vocal folds
Posterior cricoarytenoid
abduct the vocal processes of the arytenoidabduct vocal folds
Cricothyroid
lengthen and tense the VFsincreasing pitch
Thyroarytenoid
shorten vocal folds and decrease tension decrease pitch
pharyngeal branch cn x
resonance e.g. hypo hyper nasality
superior laryngeal nerve CNX
movement of the cricothyroidsensation of areas above VFs
Recurrent laryngeal nerve CNX
movement of all intrinsic laryngeal muscles, except CTsensation of areas below VFs left RLN is longer than the right RLN
Intrinsic Laryngeal Muscles
interarytenoid, Lateral cricoarytenoid, Posterior cricoarytenoid, Cricothyroid, Thyroarytenoid
VF Histology
epithelium (sausage casing)superficial layer of lamina propria (Jell-o) reinke’s spaceintermediate layer of lamina propria (rubber band)deep layer of lamina propria (cotton thread) ILLP and DLLP Vocal ligamentVocalis muscle (medial portion of TA)
jitter
variations in frequency of successive VF vibratory cycles
shimmer
variations in amplitude of successive VF vibratory cycles
mean flow rate
amount of air passing through the glottis per second; higher if the VF aren’t closing
subglottal pressure
how much air can you keep under the VF without blowing them apart; lower if the VF aren’t closing
glottal resistance
the force that can hold the air under the VFs; weaker if the VF aren’t closing
puberphonia
symptoms:instable falsetto high pitch breathy (male) juvenile immature quality (female)tx: eliciting low-pitch voice cough-phonation
dysphonia/aphonia
symtptoms: excessive muscle tension, VF adduct/abduct hyperfunctiontx:eliciting phonation, increasing intensity; masking listen to music and talk
Somatization Dysphonia
symptoms: dysphonia and additional complaints of paintx: refer to counseling, psychiatric management
Muscle Tension Dysphonia MTD
symptoms: consistent symptoms across tasks e.g. strained/ strangle quality, lacking breathtx:reduce tension yawn-sigh, laryngeal massage
Traumatic Laryngitis
symptoms: low-pitch, hoarse, breathy, strainedtx: voice rest
Reinke’s Edema
etiology: smokingsymptom: fluid filled lesion in SLLP superficial layer lamina propriatx: surgery, vocal hygiene
polyp
etiology: vocal overuse
symptoms:roughness, breathiness, voice/pitch breaks, or diplophonia
tx: surgery, post op voice therapy
Grows from active blood supply
nodules
etiology: vocal abusesymptoms: breathy strained low pitch; hourglass glottal closure; anterior 1/3 posterior 2/3tx: surgery, voice therapy
laryngomalacia
soft epiglottissymptom: stridortx: education if no impairment, surgery if impairment
Congenital Webbing
Embryonic development
Stridor, high pitch cry, shortness of breath
Surgical separation if necessary
Acquired Webbing
Scaring from surgery
Mostly anterior
Surgical if necessary
Contact ulcer
Smoking and acid reflux
Cup and saucer appearance
Posterior larynx
Cyst
Fluid filled sacs from blocked mucosal gland ducts
Egg like white oval
