Phonological Disorders Flashcards
Vocalization
The vowel substituted for a syllable consonant, usually a liquid e.g. bado for bottle
Gliding
A liquid consonant is produced as a glide e.g. w/l, j/l, w/r
Velar fronting
An alveolar or dental replaces a velar
Stopping
a fricative or affricate is replaced by a stop e.g. tu for shoe
Depalatalization
An alveolar affricate for a palatal affricate e.g. wats for watch
Affrication
Affricate is produced in place of a fricative or stop
Deaffrication
Fricative replaces an affricate
Backing
A posteriorly placed consonant is produced instead of an anteriorly placed consonant (velars are substituted for alveolars)
Glottal replacement
A glottal stop is produced in place of another consonant
Distortion
A speech production error in which a speech sound is recognizable as the correct sound but is not produced exactly correct
Omission
A speech production air in which required sound or omitted in words, greatest impact on intelligibility
Apraxia of speech
CNS damage makes it difficult to program the precise movements necessary for smoothly articulated speech, apraxia of speech is a motor programming disorder
Phonemic
Abstract system of sounds, the description of /t/ is phonemic and is placed in // marks
Phonetic
Concrete productions of specific sounds, the specific sound production of a speaker would be indicated in brackets [ ]
Assimilation
Speech sounds or modified due to the influence of adjacent sounds, for example in the phrase “great zoo”, the /z/ in zoo is devoiced because of the voiceless /t/ in the preceding word
Prevocalic
Consonants/consonant cluster preceding a vowel
Intervocalic
Consonants/consonant clusters occurring between two vowels
Postvocalic
Consonant/consonant clusters following a vowel
Markedness
Refers to sounds that are more difficult to produce and are found less frequently in languages
Metalinguistic
The ability to think about and reflect on the nature of language and how it functions
Myofunctional disorders
The tongue moves forward in an exaggerated way during speech and/or swallowing
Ankyloglossia
Commonly known as tongue-tied, short lingual frenulum
Micrognathia
Referring to an unusually small mandible
Prognathia
Referring to a marked projection of the jaw
Distinctive feature theory
Similarities and differences between the target phoneme and the substitution can be clearly ascertained, theory allows for comparison of several sound substitutions to the target phoneme
Minimal Pair
Words that differ and only one phoneme value among their sound constituents e.g. book vs cook
Phonetic placement method
A motor-based approach, used when the client cannot imitate the model production of a phoneme such as /r/
Phonotactics
Description of the allowed combinations of phonemes in a particular language
Diacritical marks
Because a given phoneme may have a large number of allophonic variants, phonetic symbols may be modified by the special marks
Nazalization
~ placed above nasalized phoneme
