Vocal 1 Flashcards
Linguistic Competence
“hidden” knowledge of languages
Linguistics Performance
the way that they produce and comprehend language
Performance Error
When using language and are unable to remember, mispronounce, or jumble a word
Speech Communication Chain
Communication steps used to add to the ability of understanding or interfering with communication to another
Speech Communication Chain Steps
Key elements in communication chain: information source, transmitter, a signal, a receiver, and destination
Noise
Interference in the communication chain
Lexicon
Collection of all the words that you know: functions, refer to, pronunciation, and words they are related to
Mental Grammar
Rules of your language storage space
Language Variation
No two speakers are the same; variation in communication style
Descriptive Grammar
Rules that someone has deduced based off observing linguistic performance
Evidence that writing and language are not the same
4 reasons:
- Writing does not exist everywhere
- Writing can be edited
- Writing has to be taught
- Archeological evidence
Reasons some people believe writing to be superior to speech
3 reasons:
- Writing is more physically stable
- Writing can be edited
- Writing must be taught
Prescriptive Grammar
correct or proper way to use a language based off an idea or good or bad
Prescribe
being told/given the correct way to use language
Charles Hockett’s 9 design features
- Mode of Communication
- Semanticity
- Pragmatic Function
- Interchangeability
- Cultural Transmission
- Arbitrariness
- Discreteness
- Displacement
- Productivity
Mode of Communication
the mean by which the message are transmitted or received
Semanticity
property requiring that all signals in a communication system have a meaning or function
Pragmatic Function
the useful purpose communication systems must have
Interchangeability
the ability of individuals who can receive and transmit messages
Cultural Transmission
aspects of language that can be acquired by communicative interaction with other users of the system
Arbitrariness
group connection of sounds and signs that gives its form or meaning
Linguistic Sign
combination of meaning and form
Convention
where a certain group of sounds goes with a particular meaning
Non arbitrariness
the opposite of arbitrariness
