Ch 6- Semantics

Question 1

Semantics

Answer 1

subfields of linguistics that studies meaning in language

Question 2

Lexical Semantics

Answer 2

deals with the meaning of words and other lexical expressions, including the meaning relationships among them

Question 3

Compositional Semantics

Answer 3

concerned with phrasal meanings and how phrasal meaning are assembled

Question 4

Sense

Answer 4

a mental representation of an expressions meaning

Question 5

Reference

Answer 5

a component of linguistics meaning that relates the sense of some expressions to entities in the outside world

Question 6

Referents

Answer 6

an actual entity or individual in the world to which some expressions refers

Question 7

Mental Image

Answer 7

words that conjure particular mental images

Question 8

Prototype

Answer 8

a member that exhibits the typical qualities of the members of that set

Question 9

Hyponymy

Answer 9

a meaning relationship between words

Question 10

Hypernym

Answer 10

x and y

Question 11

Sister Terms

Answer 11

reference is intuitively on the same level if hierarchy

Question 12

Synonymy

Answer 12

If have the same exact reference

Question 13

Antonymy

Answer 13

being opposite in some sense

Question 14

Complementary pairs

Answer 14

pair of antonyms such that everything must be described by first word, second word, or neither

Question 15

Gradable Pairs

Answer 15

words that are antonyms and denote opposite ends of a scale

Question 16

Reverses

Answer 16

pairs of words that suggest some kind of movement : one word suggest a movement that undoes the movement of the other

Question 17

Converse

Answer 17

two opposing points of view

Question 18

Truth Value

Answer 18

the ability to be true or false

Question 19

Proposition

Answer 19

claim express by a sentence

Question 20

Truth Conditions

Answer 20

conditions that would have to hold in the world in order for some proposition to be true

Question 21

Entailment

Answer 21

evaluating the truth conditions not the actual truth value

Question 22

Mutual Entailment

Answer 22

when two propositions entail one another

Question 23

Incompatible

Answer 23

when impossible for both proposition to be true

Question 24

Principle of Compositionality

Answer 24

the meaning of a sentence is a function of the meanings of the words it contains, and how these words are syntactically combined

Question 25

Compositional

Answer 25

multiword expressions

Question 26

Idioms

Answer 26

a multiword lexical expression whose meaning is not compositional

Question 27

Pure Intersection

Answer 27

simplest form of adjectival combination

Question 28

Intersective Adjectives

Answer 28

adj whose reference is determined independently from the reference of the noun that it modifies

Question 29

Relative Intersection

Answer 29

type of relationship between adj and noun reference where the reference of the adj is determined relative to the noun reference

Question 30

Subsective Adjectives

Answer 30

adj whose reference is included in the set of things that the noun they modify refers to