Ch 6- Semantics Flashcards
Semantics
subfields of linguistics that studies meaning in language
Lexical Semantics
deals with the meaning of words and other lexical expressions, including the meaning relationships among them
Compositional Semantics
concerned with phrasal meanings and how phrasal meaning are assembled
Sense
a mental representation of an expressions meaning
Reference
a component of linguistics meaning that relates the sense of some expressions to entities in the outside world
Referents
an actual entity or individual in the world to which some expressions refers
Mental Image
words that conjure particular mental images
Prototype
a member that exhibits the typical qualities of the members of that set
Hyponymy
a meaning relationship between words
Hypernym
x and y
Sister Terms
reference is intuitively on the same level if hierarchy
Synonymy
If have the same exact reference
Antonymy
being opposite in some sense
Complementary pairs
pair of antonyms such that everything must be described by first word, second word, or neither
Gradable Pairs
words that are antonyms and denote opposite ends of a scale
Reverses
pairs of words that suggest some kind of movement : one word suggest a movement that undoes the movement of the other
Converse
two opposing points of view
Truth Value
the ability to be true or false
Proposition
claim express by a sentence
Truth Conditions
conditions that would have to hold in the world in order for some proposition to be true
Entailment
evaluating the truth conditions not the actual truth value
Mutual Entailment
when two propositions entail one another
Incompatible
when impossible for both proposition to be true
Principle of Compositionality
the meaning of a sentence is a function of the meanings of the words it contains, and how these words are syntactically combined
Compositional
multiword expressions
Idioms
a multiword lexical expression whose meaning is not compositional
Pure Intersection
simplest form of adjectival combination
Intersective Adjectives
adj whose reference is determined independently from the reference of the noun that it modifies
Relative Intersection
type of relationship between adj and noun reference where the reference of the adj is determined relative to the noun reference
Subsective Adjectives
adj whose reference is included in the set of things that the noun they modify refers to
