Ch. 5- Syntax

Question 1

Linguistic Expression

Answer 1

a piece of language with a form, meaning, and syntactic properties

Question 2

Grammatical

Answer 2

a term used to describe a sentence the is in accordance with the descriptive grammatical rules of some language. especially syntactic rules

Question 3

Ungrammatical

Answer 3

not in accordance with the descriptive grammatical rules, especially syntactic rules

Question 4

Grammatically Judgement

Answer 4

a reflection of speakers mental grammar, and not a test of their conscious knowledge of the prescriptive rules.

Question 5

Subject

Answer 5

Occurs immediately to the left of the verb

Question 6

Object

Answer 6

Occurs immediately to the right of the verb

Question 7

Principle of Compositionally

Answer 7

the notion that the meaning of a phrasal expression is predictable from the meanings of the expressions it contains and how they were syntactically combined

Question 8

Lexical Expressions

Answer 8

a linguistic expression that has to be listed in the mental lexicon

Question 9

Phrasal Expressions

Answer 9

linguistic expression that results from the syntactic combination of a smaller expressions

Question 10

Syntactic Properties

Answer 10

properties of linguistic expressions that dictate how they can syntactic combine with other expressions, namely, word order and co-occurence properties

Question 11

Word Order

Answer 11

linear order in which words can occur in some phrasal expression

Question 12

Co-occurence

Answer 12

set of syntactic properties that determines which expressions may or have to co-occur with some other expressions in a sentence

Question 13

Topicalization

Answer 13

a syntactic process by which a syntactic constituent occurs the beginning of a sentence in order to highlight the topic under discussion

Question 14

Argument

Answer 14

linguistic expression that must occur in a sentence if some other expression occurs in that sentence as well. i.e. “x” and “y”

Question 15

Complements

Answer 15

a non-subject argument of some expression

Question 16

Adjuncts

Answer 16

linguistic expression whose occurrence in a sentence is optional; also called modifiers

Question 17

Modifiers

Answer 17

i.e. adjunct

Question 18

Agreement

Answer 18

phenomenon by which certain expressions in a sentence must be inflectionally marked for the same person, number, gender, etc.

Question 19

MorphoSyntax

Answer 19

name for syntax and morphology considered jointly as a single component of grammar

Question 20

Syntactic Constituent

Answer 20

group of linguistic expressions that function as a syntactic unit within some larger expressions; smaller expressions out of which some larger phrasal expressions was constructed in accordance with the phrase structure rules

Question 21

Cleft

Answer 21

a type of sentence that has the general form it is/was X that Y

Question 22

Conjuncts

Answer 22

an argument of a coordinating conjunction such as “and” or “or”

Question 23

Syntactic Categories

Answer 23

group of expressions that have very similar syntactic properties

Question 24

Syntactic Distribution

Answer 24

refers to the set of syntactic environments in which an expression can occur

Question 25

Sentence

Answer 25

a syntactic category that consists of all phrasal expressions that can grammatically occur

Question 26

Noun Phrases

Answer 26

name of a syntactic category that consists of proper names, pronouns, and all other expressions with the same syntactic distribution

Question 27

Nouns

Answer 27

name od lexical category and a syntactic category

Question 28

Determiners

Answer 28

name of a lexical category and a syntactic category that consists of expressions such as the,a,this, all, etc

Question 29

Adjectives

Answer 29

name of a lexical category and a syntactic category. Morphologically consists of word to which the comparative suffix -er or -ness

Question 30

Verb Phrase

Answer 30

name of syntactic category that consists of all expressions which if combined with noun phrase to their left result in a sentence

Question 31

Intransitive Verbs

Answer 31

name for the set of lexical expressions whose syntactic category is verb phrase

Question 32

transitive Verbs

Answer 32

syntactic category that consist of those expressions that is combined with an expression of category noun phrase to their right in a verb phrase

Question 33

Ditransitive Verbs

Answer 33

name of a syntactic category that consists of those expressions that if combined with two expressions of category noun phrase to their right result in verb phrase

Question 34

Sentential Complement Verbs

Answer 34

the name of a syntactic category that consists of those expressions that is combined with a sentence to their right in verb phrase

Question 35

Adverb

Answer 35

name of a lexical category and a syntactic category that consists of expressions such as quickly, well, furiously,etc

Question 36

Prepositional Phrase

Answer 36

name of a syntactic category that consists f those expressions that contain a preposition and a noun phrase

Question 37

Preposition

Answer 37

name of lexical category and syntactic category that consist of expressions such as of,in,for,with,etc

Question 38

Phrase Structure Rules

Answer 38

a recipe for syntactically combining expressions for certain syntactic categories

Question 39

Ambiguity

Answer 39

phenomenon by which a single linguistic form can be the form of more than one distinct linguistic expression

Question 40

Homophony

Answer 40

phenomenon by which two or more distinct morphemes or non phrasal linguistic expressions happen to have the same form