Ch. 5- Syntax Flashcards
Linguistic Expression
a piece of language with a form, meaning, and syntactic properties
Grammatical
a term used to describe a sentence the is in accordance with the descriptive grammatical rules of some language. especially syntactic rules
Ungrammatical
not in accordance with the descriptive grammatical rules, especially syntactic rules
Grammatically Judgement
a reflection of speakers mental grammar, and not a test of their conscious knowledge of the prescriptive rules.
Subject
Occurs immediately to the left of the verb
Object
Occurs immediately to the right of the verb
Principle of Compositionally
the notion that the meaning of a phrasal expression is predictable from the meanings of the expressions it contains and how they were syntactically combined
Lexical Expressions
a linguistic expression that has to be listed in the mental lexicon
Phrasal Expressions
linguistic expression that results from the syntactic combination of a smaller expressions
Syntactic Properties
properties of linguistic expressions that dictate how they can syntactic combine with other expressions, namely, word order and co-occurence properties
Word Order
linear order in which words can occur in some phrasal expression
Co-occurence
set of syntactic properties that determines which expressions may or have to co-occur with some other expressions in a sentence
Topicalization
a syntactic process by which a syntactic constituent occurs the beginning of a sentence in order to highlight the topic under discussion
Argument
linguistic expression that must occur in a sentence if some other expression occurs in that sentence as well. i.e. “x” and “y”
Complements
a non-subject argument of some expression
Adjuncts
linguistic expression whose occurrence in a sentence is optional; also called modifiers
Modifiers
i.e. adjunct
Agreement
phenomenon by which certain expressions in a sentence must be inflectionally marked for the same person, number, gender, etc.
MorphoSyntax
name for syntax and morphology considered jointly as a single component of grammar
Syntactic Constituent
group of linguistic expressions that function as a syntactic unit within some larger expressions; smaller expressions out of which some larger phrasal expressions was constructed in accordance with the phrase structure rules
Cleft
a type of sentence that has the general form it is/was X that Y
Conjuncts
an argument of a coordinating conjunction such as “and” or “or”
Syntactic Categories
group of expressions that have very similar syntactic properties
Syntactic Distribution
refers to the set of syntactic environments in which an expression can occur
Sentence
a syntactic category that consists of all phrasal expressions that can grammatically occur
Noun Phrases
name of a syntactic category that consists of proper names, pronouns, and all other expressions with the same syntactic distribution
Nouns
name od lexical category and a syntactic category
Determiners
name of a lexical category and a syntactic category that consists of expressions such as the,a,this, all, etc
Adjectives
name of a lexical category and a syntactic category. Morphologically consists of word to which the comparative suffix -er or -ness
Verb Phrase
name of syntactic category that consists of all expressions which if combined with noun phrase to their left result in a sentence
Intransitive Verbs
name for the set of lexical expressions whose syntactic category is verb phrase
transitive Verbs
syntactic category that consist of those expressions that is combined with an expression of category noun phrase to their right in a verb phrase
Ditransitive Verbs
name of a syntactic category that consists of those expressions that if combined with two expressions of category noun phrase to their right result in verb phrase
Sentential Complement Verbs
the name of a syntactic category that consists of those expressions that is combined with a sentence to their right in verb phrase
Adverb
name of a lexical category and a syntactic category that consists of expressions such as quickly, well, furiously,etc
Prepositional Phrase
name of a syntactic category that consists f those expressions that contain a preposition and a noun phrase
Preposition
name of lexical category and syntactic category that consist of expressions such as of,in,for,with,etc
Phrase Structure Rules
a recipe for syntactically combining expressions for certain syntactic categories
Ambiguity
phenomenon by which a single linguistic form can be the form of more than one distinct linguistic expression
Homophony
phenomenon by which two or more distinct morphemes or non phrasal linguistic expressions happen to have the same form
