CH 8- Language Acquisition

Question 1

Innateness Hypothesis

Answer 1

theory that asserts that language is innate in humans

Question 2

Linguistics Universals

Answer 2

basic features shared by all languages

Question 3

Universal Grammar

Answer 3

theoretical inborn set of structural characteristics shared by all languages

Question 4

Critical Period

Answer 4

a period of time in an individuals life in which a behavior must be acquired

Question 5

Neglected Children

Answer 5

Neglected by caretakers

Question 6

Feral Children

Answer 6

grew up in the wild

Question 7

Homesign

Answer 7

Gestures made between individuals who interact together in situations sign language isn’t available

Question 8

Imitation Theory

Answer 8

claims children learn language by listening to the speech around them then repeating what they’ve heard.

Question 9

Reinforcement Theory

Answer 9

asserts that children learn to speak like adults because they are praised, rewarded, and otherwise reinforced when they use the right forms and are corrected when they use the wrong forms.

Question 10

Active Construction of a Grammar Theory

Answer 10

holds that children actually invent the rules of grammar themselves

Question 11

Connectionist Theories

Answer 11

assume that children learn language by creating neural connections in the brain

Question 12

Social Interaction Theory

Answer 12

assumes that children acquire language by social interaction with older children and adults

Question 13

Child-directed speech

Answer 13

speech to infants

Question 14

High Amplitude Sucking

Answer 14

infants given a specific pacifier connected to a sound generating system

Question 15

Conditioned head turn procedure

Answer 15

conditioning and testing

Question 16

Voice Onset Time

Answer 16

sounds that English speaking adults conceive

Question 17

Articulacy Gestures

Answer 17

producing and timing particular sounds

Question 18

Babble

Answer 18

children producing vowels and consonants or hand gestures

Question 19

Repeated Canonical Babbling

Answer 19

constant repetition allow children to practice vowels and consonants

Question 20

Variegated Babbling

Answer 20

infants string together different syllables

Question 21

Holophrastic Stage

Answer 21

one word

Question 22

Telegraphic

Answer 22

the speech of young children

Question 23

Overgeneralization

Answer 23

rules of plural formation

Question 24

Negatives

Answer 24

Children go through stage of learning negative sentences

Question 25

Interrogatives

Answer 25

young children can produce questions by using a rising intonations

Question 26

complexive concept

Answer 26

child associates characteristics by successive usage

Question 27

Overextension

Answer 27

child extends the word meaning beyond adults

Question 28

Underextension

Answer 28

application of the word to a smaller set of objects than that of a mature adult

Question 29

Relational Term

Answer 29

large or small constitutes a relatively complex concepts

Question 30

deictic expression

Answer 30

meaning depends on the word usage

Question 31

Conversational turns

Answer 31

taking turn being the listener and speaker

Question 32

Bilingual

Answer 32

speak two languages

Question 33

Multilingual

Answer 33

speak more than two languages

Question 34

Second Language Acquisition

Answer 34

Learning a second language as an adult

Question 35

Code-switching

Answer 35

Using more than one language in a phrase/conversation

Question 36

Foreign Accent

Answer 36

speak second language with accent

Question 37

Fossilization

Answer 37

non native can be fixed but not changed

Question 38

Simultaneous Bilingualism

Answer 38

Learn more than one language from birth

Question 39

Sequential Bilingualism

Answer 39

learn another language as young children

Question 40

Attention Holders

Answer 40

when telling a story having more than one thing to say