CH 8- Language Acquisition Flashcards

1
Q

Innateness Hypothesis

A

theory that asserts that language is innate in humans

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2
Q

Linguistics Universals

A

basic features shared by all languages

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3
Q

Universal Grammar

A

theoretical inborn set of structural characteristics shared by all languages

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4
Q

Critical Period

A

a period of time in an individuals life in which a behavior must be acquired

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5
Q

Neglected Children

A

Neglected by caretakers

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6
Q

Feral Children

A

grew up in the wild

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7
Q

Homesign

A

Gestures made between individuals who interact together in situations sign language isn’t available

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8
Q

Imitation Theory

A

claims children learn language by listening to the speech around them then repeating what they’ve heard.

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9
Q

Reinforcement Theory

A

asserts that children learn to speak like adults because they are praised, rewarded, and otherwise reinforced when they use the right forms and are corrected when they use the wrong forms.

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10
Q

Active Construction of a Grammar Theory

A

holds that children actually invent the rules of grammar themselves

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11
Q

Connectionist Theories

A

assume that children learn language by creating neural connections in the brain

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12
Q

Social Interaction Theory

A

assumes that children acquire language by social interaction with older children and adults

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13
Q

Child-directed speech

A

speech to infants

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14
Q

High Amplitude Sucking

A

infants given a specific pacifier connected to a sound generating system

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15
Q

Conditioned head turn procedure

A

conditioning and testing

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16
Q

Voice Onset Time

A

sounds that English speaking adults conceive

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17
Q

Articulacy Gestures

A

producing and timing particular sounds

18
Q

Babble

A

children producing vowels and consonants or hand gestures

19
Q

Repeated Canonical Babbling

A

constant repetition allow children to practice vowels and consonants

20
Q

Variegated Babbling

A

infants string together different syllables

21
Q

Holophrastic Stage

22
Q

Telegraphic

A

the speech of young children

23
Q

Overgeneralization

A

rules of plural formation

24
Q

Negatives

A

Children go through stage of learning negative sentences

25
Interrogatives
young children can produce questions by using a rising intonations
26
complexive concept
child associates characteristics by successive usage
27
Overextension
child extends the word meaning beyond adults
28
Underextension
application of the word to a smaller set of objects than that of a mature adult
29
Relational Term
large or small constitutes a relatively complex concepts
30
deictic expression
meaning depends on the word usage
31
Conversational turns
taking turn being the listener and speaker
32
Bilingual
speak two languages
33
Multilingual
speak more than two languages
34
Second Language Acquisition
Learning a second language as an adult
35
Code-switching
Using more than one language in a phrase/conversation
36
Foreign Accent
speak second language with accent
37
Fossilization
non native can be fixed but not changed
38
Simultaneous Bilingualism
Learn more than one language from birth
39
Sequential Bilingualism
learn another language as young children
40
Attention Holders
when telling a story having more than one thing to say