Vocabulary - Spring, Four Seasons - p. 19

Question 1

Concerto

Example title

Answer 1

• a popular Baroque instrumental genre for soloist(s) and orchestra
• generally in three movements: fast-slow-fast
• frequenty used ritornello form
• intended to demonstrate the virtuosig (skills) of the soloist(s)

Example: Spring, solo violin concerto

Question 2

Definition of ritornello form

Give an example of it in Four Seasons

Answer 2

• a structure (form) used in the first and third movements of the Baroque concerto
• the opening passage (ritornello) is repeated throughout the movement

Example of it: the spring

Question 3

Definition of ripieno

Answer 3

• Italian for “full” or “complete”
• another term is “tutti”
• it indcates the full orchestra in the Baroque concerto

Question 4

ostinato

give an example of it in Four Seasons

Answer 4

• Italian for “obstinate” or “persistent” or “stubborn”
• a repeated for a longer period of time
• Example - the dog barking in the second movement of Spring

Question 5

pedal point

Name one place in Four Season where you can hear this

Answer 5

• a note, or a series of notes, held through harmony changes in other part
• Example: the bass pedal point suggests the bagpipes in the third movement of Spring in The Four Seasons

Question 6

idiomatic writing

give an example title

Answer 6

• the style of writing to highlights the unique technical capabilities of an instrument
• opposite of “generic”
• developed in Barqoue

Example: Spring

Question 7

programmatic writing

example title

Answer 7

• music with descriptive element, inspried by extramusical associations, like a story, or painting
• evolved into a significat features of the 19th-century instrumental writing (program music)

Example: Spring

Question 8

• a popular Baroque instrumental genre for soloist(s) and orchestra
• generally in three movements: fast-slow-fast
• frequently used ritornello form
• intended to demonstrate the virtuoso (skills) of the soloist(s)

Example: Spring, solo violin concerto

Answer 8

Concerto

Question 9

• a structure (form) used in the first and third movements of the Baroque concerto
• the opening passage (ritornello) is repeated throughout the movement

Example of it: the spring

Answer 9

ritornello form

Question 10

• Italian for “full” or “complete”
• another term is “tutti”
• it indcates the full orchestra in the Baroque concerto

Answer 10

ripieno

Question 11

• Italian for “obstinate” or “persistent” or “stubborn”
• a repeated for a longer period of time
• Example - the dog barking in the second movement of Spring

Answer 11

ostinato

Question 12

• a note, or a series of notes, held through harmony changes in other part
• Example: the bass pedal point suggests the bagpipes in the third movement of Spring in The Four Seasons

Answer 12

pedal point

Question 13

• the style of writing to highlights the unique technical capabilities of an instrument
• opposite of “generic”
• developed in Barqoue

Example: Spring

Answer 13

idiomatic writing

Question 14

• music with descriptive element, inspried by extramusical associations, like a story, or painting
• evolved into a significat features of the 19th-century instrumental writing (program music)

Example: Spring

Answer 14

programmatic writing

Question 15

What is the source of the inspiration or the program of The Four Seasons?

Answer 15

• Sonnets, most likely written by Vivaldi
• portions of the text were printed above the corresponding passages in the original score

Question 16

What is the Four Seasons’s subtitle?

Answer 16

The Contest Between Harmony and Inspiration (Il cimento dell’armonia e dell’invenzione)

Question 17

Why is this concerto a programmatic work?

Answer 17

Because the poetic images are described by the music.