Review - Baroque - Vocabulary

Question 1

What is the genre that is highly structured, imitative contrapuntal composition with a repeating theme?

Give sample title, the genre and the composer.

Answer 1

Fugue

Prelude and Fugue in B flat Major, solo keyboard, Bach

Question 2

Provide definition of fugue

Give sample title, the genre and the composer.

Answer 2

A fugue is a highly structured, imitative contrapuntal composition with a repeating theme.

Prelude and Fugue in B flat Major, solo keyboard, Bach

Question 3

Provide definition of clavier.

Give sample title, the genre and the composer.

Answer 3

Clavier is a German word for keyboard instruments other than the organ.

Prelude and Fugue in B flat Major, solo keyboard, Bach

Question 4

Provide definition of prelude.

Give sample title, the genre and the composer.

Answer 4

Prelude is a short keyboard work in improvisatory style and often paired with a fugue.

Prelude and Fugue in B flat Major, solo keyboard, Bach

Question 5

What is the term for a method of tuning keyboard instrument in which an octave is divided into 12 equal semitones?

Give sample title, the genre and the composer.

Answer 5

Equal Temperament.

Prelude and Fugue in B flat Major, solo keyboard, Bach

Question 6

What is the German word for keyboard instruments other than the organ?

Give sample title, the genre and the composer.

Answer 6

Clavier

Prelude and Fugue in B flat Major, solo keyboard, Bach

Question 7

What is the term for s a short keyboard work in improvisatory style and often paired with a fugue?.

Give sample title, the genre and the composer.

Answer 7

Prelude.

Prelude and Fugue in B flat Major, solo keyboard, Bach

Question 8

Provide definition of counterpoint

Give sample title, the genre and the composer.

Answer 8

Counterpoint combines two or more melodies; it’s also called ‘polyphonic texture”

Prelude and Fugue in B flat Major, solo keyboard, Bach

Question 9

Provide definition of subject

Give sample title, the genre and the composer.

Answer 9

Subject is the initial statement of a fugue and it’s usually in the tonic key.

Prelude and Fugue in B flat Major, solo keyboard, Bach

Question 10

Provide definition of answer

Give sample title, the genre and the composer.

Answer 10

Answer is the second time the main theme appears in a fugue and it’s usually in dominant key.

Prelude and Fugue in B flat Major, solo keyboard, Bach

Question 11

Provide definition of countersubject.

Give sample title, the genre and the composer.

Answer 11

Countersubject is a countermelody that repeats and it happens along subject and answer.

Prelude and Fugue in B flat Major, solo keyboard, Bach

Question 12

What is a countermelody that repeats and happens along subject and answer?

Give sample title, the genre and the composer.

Answer 12

Countersubject
Prelude and Fugue in B flat Major, solo keyboard, Bach

Question 13

Provide definition of tonal answer

Give sample title, the genre and the composer.

Answer 13

Tonal answer is the the repeat of the subject in which one or more intervals is adjusted to accommodate the harmony.

Prelude and Fugue in B flat Major, solo keyboard, Bach

Question 14

What is another word for “polyphonic texture” in which two or more melodies are combined?

Give sample title, the genre and the composer.

Answer 14

Counterpoint is another word for polyphonic texture.

Prelude and Fugue in B flat Major, solo keyboard, Bach

Question 15

What is the name of the initial statement of a fugue and it’s usually in the tonic key?

Give sample title, the genre and the composer.

Answer 15

Subject.

Prelude and Fugue in B flat Major, solo keyboard, Bach

Question 16

Provide definition of real answer.

Give sample title, the genre and the composer.

Answer 16

Real answer is an exact transposition of the subject.

Prelude and Fugue in B flat Major, solo keyboard, Bach

Question 17

What is the term for the second time the main theme appears in a fugue and it’s usually in dominant key?

Give sample title, the genre and the composer.

Answer 17

Answer.

Prelude and Fugue in B flat Major, solo keyboard, Bach

Question 18

What type of answer is the exact transposition of the subject?

Give sample title, the genre and the composer.

Answer 18

Real answer.

Prelude and Fugue in B flat Major, solo keyboard, Bach

Question 19

Provide definition of episode

Give sample title, the genre and the composer.

Answer 19

An episode is a passage within a fugue in which there’s no subject or answer and often repeated sequentially.

Prelude and Fugue in B flat Major, solo keyboard, Bach

Question 20

What kind of answer is the one in which the subject is repeated with one or more intervals is adjusted to accommodate the harmony?

Give sample title, the genre and the composer.

Answer 20

Tonal Answer

Prelude and Fugue in B flat Major, solo keyboard, Bach

Question 21

What is the passage within a fugue in which there’s no subject or answer and often repeated sequentially?

Give sample title, the genre and the composer.

Answer 21

Episode

Prelude and Fugue in B flat Major, solo keyboard, Bach

Question 22

What is a large-scale work for soloists, chorus, and orchestra developed in Baroque? Usually has biblical text. Consists of recitatives, arias, ensembles, and choruses.

Give one example title and its composer.

Answer 22

oratorio

Messiah by Handel

Question 23

What is the following?

a Baroque orchestral genre, often the orchestral introduction to an opera or oratorio. Usually in two parts A (slow, homophonic textures, dotted rhythm) and B (fast, imitative texture). Developed by Lully.

Give one example title and its composer.

Answer 23

French overture

Messiah by Handel

Question 24

What is the following?

half-singing, half-talking way of singing used in operas, oratorios, and cantatas. It follows the natural rise and fall of the texts so it has rhythmic flexibility and gives hints of the plot to the audience.

Give one example title and its composer.

Answer 24

recitative

Messiah by Handel

Question 25

What is the following? "A half-singing, half-talking way of singing, supported only by continuo and used in opera, oratorio, and cantata" Give one example title and its composer.

Answer 25

*recitativo secco (*Italian for "dry recitative") There were shepherds" soprano recitative in Messiah by Handel

Question 26

What is the following? A half-singing, half-talking way of singing used in opera, oratorio, and cantata. Supported by instrumental ensemble or orchestra so it allows for greater connection with the text. Give one example title and its composer.

Answer 26

*recitativo accompagnato* (Italian for "accompanied recitative") Messiah by Handel

Question 27

What is the following? Give one example. Name the title and its composer. Italian for 'air'. Solo song with accompaniment in opera, oratorio, and cantata. Emotional and often virtuosic. May have lyrical or dramatic qualities; often reveals the character's feelings and emotions.

Answer 27

aria "Rejoyce Greatly" from Messiah by Handel

Question 28

What is the following? an aria (solo song) in ternary (ABA) structure. The returning A is usually ornamented in performance. It is the most common type of aria in Baroque opera and oratorio. Give one example title and its composer.

Answer 28

*da capo* aria "Rejoice Greatly" from Messiah by Handel

Question 29

What is the term for musical pictorialization so the music mirrors the literal meaning of the words? Achieved through melody, harmony, or rhythm. Describe one example. Name the title and its composer.

Answer 29

word painting "Glory to God in the highest" is sung in upper register in "Glory to God" chorus of Messiah by Handel

Question 30

What is many notes to a syllable/vowel and demonstrates vocal virtuosity and often highlights key words? Describe one example. Name the title and its composer.

Answer 30

melisma "re-_joice"_ from 'Rejoice Greatly" (soprano aria) from Messiah by Handel

Question 31

What is the following? -all voices sing or play the same rhythm. Results in a blocked chordal texture (homophonic) to deliver the text with clarity and emphasis. Describe one example. Name the title and its composer.

Answer 31

homorhythmic texture "Hallelujah!" from "Hallelujah!" chorus of Messiah by Handel

Question 32

Give definition of the oratorio. Provide the title and composer

Answer 32

- a large-scale work for soloists, chorus, and orchestra developed in Baroque. Usually has biblical text. Consists of recitatives, arias, ensembles, and choruses. Messiah by Handel

Question 33

Provide definition of French overture Give one example title and its composer.

Answer 33

a Baroque orchestral genre, often the orchestral introduction to an opera or oratorio. Usually in two parts A (slow, homophonic textures, dotted rhythm) and B (fast, imitative texture). Developed by Lully. Messiah by Handel

Question 34

Give definition of "recitative" Give one example title and its composer.

Answer 34

half-singing, half-talking way of singing used in operas, oratorios, and cantatas. It follows the natural rise and fall of the texts so it has rhythmic flexibility and gives hints of the plot to the audience. There were "shepherds" from Messiah by Handel

Question 35

Give definition of *recitativo secco* Give one example title and its composer.

Answer 35

A half-singing, half-talking way of singing, supported only by continuo and used in opera, oratorio, and cantata. Messiah by Handel

Question 36

Provide definition for *recitativo accompagnato* Give one example title and its composer. | (Italian for "accompanied recitative")

Answer 36

A half-singing, half-talking way of singing used in opera, oratorio, and cantata. Supported by instrumental ensemble or orchestra so it allows for greater connection with the text. Messiah by Handel

Question 37

Provide definition of aria Give one example title and its composer.

Answer 37

Italian for 'air'. Solo song with accompaniment in opera, oratorio, and cantata. Emotional and often virtuosic. May have lyrical or dramatic qualities; often reveals the character's feelings and emotions. "Rejoyce Greatly" from Messiah by Handel

Question 38

Provide definition of *da capo* aria Give one example title and its composer.

Answer 38

an aria (solo song) in ternary (ABA) structure. The returning A is usually ornamented in performance. It is the most common type of aria in Baroque opera and oratorio. "Rejoice Greatly" from Messiah by Handel

Question 39

Provide definition of word painting Describe one example. Name the title and its composer.

Answer 39

-musical pictorialization so the music mirrors the literal meaning of the words. Achieved through melody, harmony, or rhythm. "Glory to God in the highest" is sung in upper register in "Glory to God" chorus of Messiah by Handel

Question 40

Provide definition for melisma. Describe one example. Name the title and its composer.

Answer 40

-many notes to a syllable/vowel. Demonstrates vocal virtuosity and often highlights key words "re-joice" from 'Rejoice Greatly" (soprano aria) from Messiah by Handel

Question 41

Provide definition of homorhythmic texture Describe one example. Name the title and its composer.

Answer 41

-all voices sing or play the same rhythm. Results in a blocked chordal texture (homophonic) to deliver the text with clarity and emphasis. "Hallelujah!" from "Hallelujah!" chorus of Messiah by Handel

Question 42

Define equal temperament\* - provide definition and give one example piece, its genre and composer.

Answer 42

* a method of tuning keyboard instruments * the octave is divided into twelve equal semitones * helps the compositions and performance of music in all keys - Prelude and fugue in B Flat major is a solo keyboard by Bach.

Question 43

Define Clavier. - provide definition and give one example piece, its genre and composer.

Answer 43

* a German word for keyboard instruments other than the organ - Prelude and fugue in B Flat major is a solo keyboard by Bach.

Question 44

Define prelude - provide definition and one example piece, its genre and composer.

Answer 44

* a short keyboard work in improvisatory style; often paired with fugue - Prelude and fugue in B Flat major is a solo keyboard by Bach.

Question 45

Define fugue - provide definition and give one example piece, its genre and composer.

Answer 45

- a highly structured, imitative contrapuntal composition; a single theme or subject prevails - Prelude and fugue in B Flat major is a solo keyboard by Bach.

Question 46

counterpoint \* - provide definition and give one example piece, its genre and composer.

Answer 46

- combination of two or more independent melodic lines; also referred to as "polyphonic texture" - Prelude and fugue in B Flat major is a solo keyboard by Bach.

Question 47

Define subject - provide definition and give one example piece, its genre and composer. ## Footnote - provide definition and give one example piece

Answer 47

- the initial statement of the main theme of a fugue; in the tonic key - Prelude and fugue in B Flat major is a solo keyboard by Bach.

Question 48

answer\* - provide definition and give one example piece, its genre and composer.

Answer 48

- the second statement of the main theme in a fugue; usually in the dominant key - Prelude and fugue in B Flat major is a solo keyboard by Bach.

Question 49

real answer\* - provide definition and one example piece, its genre and composer.

Answer 49

- an exact transposition of the subject - Prelude and fugue in B Flat major is a solo keyboard by Bach.

Question 50

Define tonal answer* - provide definition and give one example piece, its genre and composer.

Answer 50

- a statement of the subject in which one or more intervals is adjusted to accommodate the harmony - Prelude and fugue in B Flat major is a solo keyboard by Bach.

Question 51

countersubject\* - provide definition and one example piece, its genre and composer.

Answer 51

- a recurring countermelody; accompanies entries of the subject and answer - Prelude and fugue in B Flat major is a solo keyboard by Bach.

Question 52

Define episode\* - provide definition and give one example piece, its genre and composer.

Answer 52

- a passage within a fugue in which neither subject nor answer is present; frequently sequential - Prelude and fugue in B Flat major is a solo keyboard by Bach.

Question 53

-stretto - provide definition and give one example piece, its genre and composer.

Answer 53

- from the Italian stringere, meaning "to tighten". Overlapping subject entries in close succession - Prelude and fugue in B Flat major is a solo keyboard by Bach.

Question 54

Give the term: * a method of tuning keyboard instruments * the octave is divided into twelve equal semitones * helps the compositions and performance of music in all keys - provide definition and give one example piece, its genre and composer.

Answer 54

equal temperament - Prelude and fugue in B Flat major is a solo keyboard by Bach.

Question 55

Give the term. * a German word for keyboard instruments other than the organ - provide definition and give one example piece, its genre and composer.

Answer 55

Clavier - Prelude and fugue in B Flat major is a solo keyboard by Bach.

Question 56

Give the term. * a short keyboard work in improvisatory style; often paired with fugue - provide the term and give one example piece, its genre and composer.

Answer 56

prelude\* - Prelude and fugue in B Flat major is a solo keyboard by Bach.

Question 57

Give the term. - a highly structured, imitative contrapuntal composition; a single theme or subject prevails - provide definition and give one example piece, its genre and composer.

Answer 57

fugue\* - Prelude and fugue in B Flat major is a solo keyboard by Bach.

Question 58

- combination of two or more independent melodic lines; also referred to as "polyphonic texture" - provide definition and one example piece, its genre and composer.

Answer 58

counterpoint \* - Prelude and fugue in B Flat major is a solo keyboard by Bach.

Question 59

Give the term. - the initial statement of the main theme of a fugue; in the tonic key - provide definition and give one example piece, its genre and composer.

Answer 59

subject\* - Prelude and fugue in B Flat major is a solo keyboard by Bach. ## Footnote - Prelude and fugue in B Flat major by JS Bach

Question 60

Give the term. - the second statement of the main theme in a fugue; usually in the dominant key - provide the term and give one example piece, its genre and composer.

Answer 60

answer\* - Prelude and fugue in B Flat major is a solo keyboard by Bach.

Question 61

- a statement of the subject in which one or more intervals is adjusted to accommodate the harmony - provide definition and one example piece, its genre and composer.

Answer 61

tonal answer\* - Prelude and fugue in B Flat major is a solo keyboard by Bach.

Question 62

- an exact transposition of the subject - provide term and one example piece, its genre and composer.

Answer 62

real answer\* - Prelude and fugue in B Flat major is a solo keyboard by Bach.

Question 63

- a recurring countermelody; accompanies entries of the subject and answer - provide the term and one example piece, its genre and composer.

Answer 63

countersubject\* - Prelude and fugue in B Flat major is a solo keyboard by Bach.

Question 64

- a passage within a fugue in which neither subject nor answer is present; frequently sequential - Provide the term, one example piece, its genre and composer.

Answer 64

episode\* - Prelude and fugue in B Flat major is a solo keyboard by Bach. ## Footnote - Prelude and fugue in B Flat major

Question 65

Give the term. - from the Italian stringere, meaning "to tighten". Overlapping subject entries in close succession - provide definition and give one example piece, its genre and composer.

Answer 65

stretto - Prelude and fugue in B Flat major is a solo keyboard by Bach.