Vocabulary (Chapter 6) Flashcards
The most advanced and fatal stage of an HIV infection.
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
A substance that produces an allergic reaction in an individual.
Allergen
A severe response to an allergen in which the symptoms develop quickly, and without help, the patient can die within a few minutes.
Anaphylaxis
A medication that is capable of inhibiting the growth of or killing pathogenic bacterial microorganisms.
Antibiotics
A disease-fighting protein created by the immune system in response to the presence of a specific antigen.
Antibody
An agent that destroys or inhibits the growth of fungi.
Antifungal
Any substance that the body regards as foreign.
Antigen
The binding of antigens to antibodies.
Antigen-antibody reaction
Any of a large group of diseases characterized by a condition in which the immune system produces antibodies to work against its own tissues, making healthy cells, tissues or organs for antigens.
Autoimmune disorder
Rod-shaped spore-forming bacteria.
Bacilli
A group of one-celled microscopic organisms, some of which are pathogenic.
Bacteria
An infection caused by yeast, a type of fungus.
Candidiasis
A malignant tumor that occurs in epithelial tissue.
Carcinoma
A malignant tumor in its original position that has not yet disturbed or invaded the surrounding tissues.
Carcinoma in situ
A group of proteins that normally circulate in the blood in an inactive form. When needed, these cells complement the ability of antibodies to ward off pathogens by combining with them to dissolve and remove pathogenic bacteria and other foreign cells.
Complement system
A group of proteins such as interferons and interleukins released primarily by the T-cells that act as intracellular signals to begin the immune response.
Cytokines
A group of large herpes-type viruses found in most body fluids and most often causing an infection without signs or symptoms. Can cause a serious illness when the individual has a weakened immune system or when passed from mother to unborn child.
Cytomegalovirus
Medication that kills or damages cells.
Cytotoxic drug
Breast cancer at its earliest stage, before the cancer has broken through the wall of the milk duct.
Ductal carcinoma in situ
Describes the function of destroying worn-out erythrocytes (red blood cells) and releasing their hemoglobin for reuse.
Hemolytic
An acute viral infection characterized by painful skin eruptions that follow the underlying route of the inflamed nerve.
Herpes zoster
A malignancy of the lymphatic system that is distinguished from non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma by the presence of large, cancerous lymphocytes.
Hodgkin’s lymphoma
A bloodborne infection in which the virus damages or kills the T cells of the immune system.
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
Bind with specific antigens in the antigen-antibody response.
Immunoglobulins
A substance that prevents or reduces the body’s normal immune response.
Immunosuppressant
A treatment of disease by either stimulating or repressing the immune response.
Immunotherapy
An infection caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) that is characterized by fever, a soar throat and enlarged lymph nodes.
Infectious mononucleosis
Breast cancer that starts in the milk duct, breaks through the wall of that duct, and invades the surrounding fatty breast tissue.
Infiltrating ductal carcinoma,
also known as invasive ductal carcinoma.
Produced in response to the presence of antigens, particularly viruses or tumor cells. The activate the immune system, fight viruses, and signal other cells to increase their defenses.
Interferons
Inflammation of the lymph nodes; also known as swollen glands.
Lymphadenitis
Any disease process affecting a lymph node or nodes.
Lymphadenopathy
A benign tumor formed by an abnormal collection of lymphatic vessels due to a congenital malformation of the lymphatic system.
Lymphangioma
Swelling due to an abnormal accumulation of lymph fluid within the tissues.
Lymphedema
One of three types of cells that are formed in bone marrow as stem cells that act as specialized antibodies.
Lymphocytes
A general term applied to malignancies affecting lymphoid tissues.
Lymphoma
A diagnostic test to detect damage or malformations of the lymphatic vessels.
Lymphoscintigraphy
A type of leukocyte that surrounds and kills invading cells.
Macrophage
A disease caused by a parasite that lives in certain mosquitoes and is transferred to humans by the bite of an infected mosquito.
Malaria
A radiographic examination of the breasts to detect the presence of tumors or precancerous cells.
Mammography
A new cancer site that results from the spreading process.
Metastasis (plural, metastases)
The process by which cancer spreads from one place to another.
Metastasize
A benign tumor made up of muscle tissue.
Myoma
A malignant tumor derived from muscle tissue.
Myosarcoma
The term used to describe all lymphomas other than Hodgkin’s lymphoma.
non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma
Caused by a pathogen that normally does not cause illness in healthy humans, but is able to cause an infection in a weakened host.
Opportunistic infection
A hard-tissue sarcoma usually involving the upper shaft of long bones, the pelvis or the knees.
Osteosarcoma
A plant or an animal that lives on or within another living organism at the expense of that organism.
Parasite
An acute viral infection transmitted to humans through the bite or saliva of an infected animal.
Rabies
Small bacteria that live in lice, fleas, ticks and mites that transmit infection to humans.
Rickettsia
A viral infection characterized by a low-grade fever, swollen glands, inflamed eyes, and a fine, pink rash; also known as German measles or 3-day measles.
Rubella
A malignant tumor that arises from connective tissue; plural, sarcomas or sarcomata.
Sarcoma
Long, slender spiral-shaped bacteria that have flexible walls and are capable of movement.
Spirochetes
Abnormal enlargement of the spleen.
Splenomegaly
Group of about 30 species of bacteria that form irregular groups or clusters resembling grapes.
Staphylococci
Bacteria that form a chain.
Streptococci
A severe response to an allergen.
Systemic reaction
Radiation therapy administered at a distance from the body.
Teletherapy
A parasite that is most commonly transmitted from pets to human by contact with contaminated animal feces.
Toxoplasmosis
A highly contagious disease caused by a herpes virus characterized by a fever and rash; also known as chickenpox.
Varicella
Process of becoming mature.
Maturation
To be modified to perform a specific function.
Differentiation
Hard and soft palates that form the roof of the mouth.
Palatine
Pertaining to the tongue.
Lingual
No cuts, scrapes, open soars or breaks in the skin.
Intact
To complete or make whole.
Complement
Weakened by another condition.
Debilitated
To cause greater activity -
To decrease or stop a normal response -
Stimulate
Repress
Pertains to a single clone of cells.
Monoclonal
Exact replica of a group of bacteria.
Clone
Rod shaped -
Spherical bacteria -
Clusters or bunches of grapes-
Twisted Chain -
Bacilli
-cocci
staphyl/o
strept/o
Slow the growth or development.
Inhibit
A new and abnormal tissue formation in which the multiplication of cells is uncontrolled, abnormally rapid and progressive.
Neoplasm
To gain access to -
Infiltrate
The place where the cancer first occurred.
In situ
An agent intended to increase the effectiveness of a drug.
Adjuvant
To increase rapidly -
Proliferation
