Vocabulary (Chapter 6)

Question 1

The most advanced and fatal stage of an HIV infection.

Answer 1

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

Question 2

A substance that produces an allergic reaction in an individual.

Answer 2

Allergen

Question 3

A severe response to an allergen in which the symptoms develop quickly, and without help, the patient can die within a few minutes.

Answer 3

Anaphylaxis

Question 4

A medication that is capable of inhibiting the growth of or killing pathogenic bacterial microorganisms.

Answer 4

Antibiotics

Question 5

A disease-fighting protein created by the immune system in response to the presence of a specific antigen.

Answer 5

Antibody

Question 6

An agent that destroys or inhibits the growth of fungi.

Answer 6

Antifungal

Question 7

Any substance that the body regards as foreign.

Answer 7

Antigen

Question 8

The binding of antigens to antibodies.

Answer 8

Antigen-antibody reaction

Question 9

Any of a large group of diseases characterized by a condition in which the immune system produces antibodies to work against its own tissues, making healthy cells, tissues or organs for antigens.

Answer 9

Autoimmune disorder

Question 10

Rod-shaped spore-forming bacteria.

Answer 10

Bacilli

Question 11

A group of one-celled microscopic organisms, some of which are pathogenic.

Answer 11

Bacteria

Question 12

An infection caused by yeast, a type of fungus.

Answer 12

Candidiasis

Question 13

A malignant tumor that occurs in epithelial tissue.

Answer 13

Carcinoma

Question 14

A malignant tumor in its original position that has not yet disturbed or invaded the surrounding tissues.

Answer 14

Carcinoma in situ

Question 15

A group of proteins that normally circulate in the blood in an inactive form. When needed, these cells complement the ability of antibodies to ward off pathogens by combining with them to dissolve and remove pathogenic bacteria and other foreign cells.

Answer 15

Complement system

Question 16

A group of proteins such as interferons and interleukins released primarily by the T-cells that act as intracellular signals to begin the immune response.

Answer 16

Cytokines

Question 17

A group of large herpes-type viruses found in most body fluids and most often causing an infection without signs or symptoms. Can cause a serious illness when the individual has a weakened immune system or when passed from mother to unborn child.

Answer 17

Cytomegalovirus

Question 18

Medication that kills or damages cells.

Answer 18

Cytotoxic drug

Question 19

Breast cancer at its earliest stage, before the cancer has broken through the wall of the milk duct.

Answer 19

Ductal carcinoma in situ

Question 20

Describes the function of destroying worn-out erythrocytes (red blood cells) and releasing their hemoglobin for reuse.

Answer 20

Hemolytic

Question 21

An acute viral infection characterized by painful skin eruptions that follow the underlying route of the inflamed nerve.

Answer 21

Herpes zoster

Question 22

A malignancy of the lymphatic system that is distinguished from non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma by the presence of large, cancerous lymphocytes.

Answer 22

Hodgkin’s lymphoma

Question 23

A bloodborne infection in which the virus damages or kills the T cells of the immune system.

Answer 23

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

Question 24

Bind with specific antigens in the antigen-antibody response.

Answer 24

Immunoglobulins

Question 25

A substance that prevents or reduces the body's normal immune response.

Answer 25

Immunosuppressant

Question 26

A treatment of disease by either stimulating or repressing the immune response.

Answer 26

Immunotherapy

Question 27

An infection caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) that is characterized by fever, a soar throat and enlarged lymph nodes.

Answer 27

Infectious mononucleosis

Question 28

Breast cancer that starts in the milk duct, breaks through the wall of that duct, and invades the surrounding fatty breast tissue.

Answer 28

Infiltrating ductal carcinoma, | also known as invasive ductal carcinoma.

Question 29

Produced in response to the presence of antigens, particularly viruses or tumor cells. The activate the immune system, fight viruses, and signal other cells to increase their defenses.

Answer 29

Interferons

Question 30

Inflammation of the lymph nodes; also known as swollen glands.

Answer 30

Lymphadenitis

Question 31

Any disease process affecting a lymph node or nodes.

Answer 31

Lymphadenopathy

Question 32

A benign tumor formed by an abnormal collection of lymphatic vessels due to a congenital malformation of the lymphatic system.

Answer 32

Lymphangioma

Question 33

Swelling due to an abnormal accumulation of lymph fluid within the tissues.

Answer 33

Lymphedema

Question 34

One of three types of cells that are formed in bone marrow as stem cells that act as specialized antibodies.

Answer 34

Lymphocytes

Question 35

A general term applied to malignancies affecting lymphoid tissues.

Answer 35

Lymphoma

Question 36

A diagnostic test to detect damage or malformations of the lymphatic vessels.

Answer 36

Lymphoscintigraphy

Question 37

A type of leukocyte that surrounds and kills invading cells.

Answer 37

Macrophage

Question 38

A disease caused by a parasite that lives in certain mosquitoes and is transferred to humans by the bite of an infected mosquito.

Answer 38

Malaria

Question 39

A radiographic examination of the breasts to detect the presence of tumors or precancerous cells.

Answer 39

Mammography

Question 40

A new cancer site that results from the spreading process.

Answer 40

Metastasis (plural, metastases)

Question 41

The process by which cancer spreads from one place to another.

Answer 41

Metastasize

Question 42

A benign tumor made up of muscle tissue.

Answer 42

Myoma

Question 43

A malignant tumor derived from muscle tissue.

Answer 43

Myosarcoma

Question 44

The term used to describe all lymphomas other than Hodgkin's lymphoma.

Answer 44

non-Hodgkin's lymphoma

Question 45

Caused by a pathogen that normally does not cause illness in healthy humans, but is able to cause an infection in a weakened host.

Answer 45

Opportunistic infection

Question 46

A hard-tissue sarcoma usually involving the upper shaft of long bones, the pelvis or the knees.

Answer 46

Osteosarcoma

Question 47

A plant or an animal that lives on or within another living organism at the expense of that organism.

Answer 47

Parasite

Question 48

An acute viral infection transmitted to humans through the bite or saliva of an infected animal.

Answer 48

Rabies

Question 49

Small bacteria that live in lice, fleas, ticks and mites that transmit infection to humans.

Answer 49

Rickettsia

Question 50

A viral infection characterized by a low-grade fever, swollen glands, inflamed eyes, and a fine, pink rash; also known as German measles or 3-day measles.

Answer 50

Rubella

Question 51

A malignant tumor that arises from connective tissue; plural, sarcomas or sarcomata.

Answer 51

Sarcoma

Question 52

Long, slender spiral-shaped bacteria that have flexible walls and are capable of movement.

Answer 52

Spirochetes

Question 53

Abnormal enlargement of the spleen.

Answer 53

Splenomegaly

Question 54

Group of about 30 species of bacteria that form irregular groups or clusters resembling grapes.

Answer 54

Staphylococci

Question 55

Bacteria that form a chain.

Answer 55

Streptococci

Question 56

A severe response to an allergen.

Answer 56

Systemic reaction

Question 57

Radiation therapy administered at a distance from the body.

Answer 57

Teletherapy

Question 58

A parasite that is most commonly transmitted from pets to human by contact with contaminated animal feces.

Answer 58

Toxoplasmosis

Question 59

A highly contagious disease caused by a herpes virus characterized by a fever and rash; also known as chickenpox.

Answer 59

Varicella

Question 60

Process of becoming mature.

Answer 60

Maturation

Question 61

To be modified to perform a specific function.

Answer 61

Differentiation

Question 62

Hard and soft palates that form the roof of the mouth.

Answer 62

Palatine

Question 63

Pertaining to the tongue.

Answer 63

Lingual

Question 64

No cuts, scrapes, open soars or breaks in the skin.

Answer 64

Intact

Question 65

To complete or make whole.

Answer 65

Complement

Question 66

Weakened by another condition.

Answer 66

Debilitated

Question 67

To cause greater activity - | To decrease or stop a normal response -

Answer 67

Stimulate | Repress

Question 68

Pertains to a single clone of cells.

Answer 68

Monoclonal

Question 69

Exact replica of a group of bacteria.

Answer 69

Clone

Question 70

Rod shaped - Spherical bacteria - Clusters or bunches of grapes- Twisted Chain -

Answer 70

Bacilli -cocci staphyl/o strept/o

Question 71

Slow the growth or development.

Answer 71

Inhibit

Question 72

A new and abnormal tissue formation in which the multiplication of cells is uncontrolled, abnormally rapid and progressive.

Answer 72

Neoplasm

Question 73

To gain access to -

Answer 73

Infiltrate

Question 74

The place where the cancer first occurred.

Answer 74

In situ

Question 75

An agent intended to increase the effectiveness of a drug.

Answer 75

Adjuvant

Question 76

To increase rapidly -

Answer 76

Proliferation