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Medical Terminology 1 > Vocabulary (Chapter 6) > Flashcards

Vocabulary (Chapter 6) Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

The most advanced and fatal stage of an HIV infection.

A

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

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2
Q

A substance that produces an allergic reaction in an individual.

A

Allergen

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3
Q

A severe response to an allergen in which the symptoms develop quickly, and without help, the patient can die within a few minutes.

A

Anaphylaxis

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4
Q

A medication that is capable of inhibiting the growth of or killing pathogenic bacterial microorganisms.

A

Antibiotics

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5
Q

A disease-fighting protein created by the immune system in response to the presence of a specific antigen.

A

Antibody

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6
Q

An agent that destroys or inhibits the growth of fungi.

A

Antifungal

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7
Q

Any substance that the body regards as foreign.

A

Antigen

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8
Q

The binding of antigens to antibodies.

A

Antigen-antibody reaction

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9
Q

Any of a large group of diseases characterized by a condition in which the immune system produces antibodies to work against its own tissues, making healthy cells, tissues or organs for antigens.

A

Autoimmune disorder

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10
Q

Rod-shaped spore-forming bacteria.

A

Bacilli

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11
Q

A group of one-celled microscopic organisms, some of which are pathogenic.

A

Bacteria

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12
Q

An infection caused by yeast, a type of fungus.

A

Candidiasis

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13
Q

A malignant tumor that occurs in epithelial tissue.

A

Carcinoma

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14
Q

A malignant tumor in its original position that has not yet disturbed or invaded the surrounding tissues.

A

Carcinoma in situ

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15
Q

A group of proteins that normally circulate in the blood in an inactive form. When needed, these cells complement the ability of antibodies to ward off pathogens by combining with them to dissolve and remove pathogenic bacteria and other foreign cells.

A

Complement system

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16
Q

A group of proteins such as interferons and interleukins released primarily by the T-cells that act as intracellular signals to begin the immune response.

A

Cytokines

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17
Q

A group of large herpes-type viruses found in most body fluids and most often causing an infection without signs or symptoms. Can cause a serious illness when the individual has a weakened immune system or when passed from mother to unborn child.

A

Cytomegalovirus

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18
Q

Medication that kills or damages cells.

A

Cytotoxic drug

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19
Q

Breast cancer at its earliest stage, before the cancer has broken through the wall of the milk duct.

A

Ductal carcinoma in situ

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20
Q

Describes the function of destroying worn-out erythrocytes (red blood cells) and releasing their hemoglobin for reuse.

A

Hemolytic

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21
Q

An acute viral infection characterized by painful skin eruptions that follow the underlying route of the inflamed nerve.

A

Herpes zoster

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22
Q

A malignancy of the lymphatic system that is distinguished from non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma by the presence of large, cancerous lymphocytes.

A

Hodgkin’s lymphoma

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23
Q

A bloodborne infection in which the virus damages or kills the T cells of the immune system.

A

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

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24
Q

Bind with specific antigens in the antigen-antibody response.

A

Immunoglobulins

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25
Q

A substance that prevents or reduces the body’s normal immune response.

A

Immunosuppressant

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26
Q

A treatment of disease by either stimulating or repressing the immune response.

A

Immunotherapy

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27
Q

An infection caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) that is characterized by fever, a soar throat and enlarged lymph nodes.

A

Infectious mononucleosis

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28
Q

Breast cancer that starts in the milk duct, breaks through the wall of that duct, and invades the surrounding fatty breast tissue.

A

Infiltrating ductal carcinoma,

also known as invasive ductal carcinoma.

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29
Q

Produced in response to the presence of antigens, particularly viruses or tumor cells. The activate the immune system, fight viruses, and signal other cells to increase their defenses.

A

Interferons

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30
Q

Inflammation of the lymph nodes; also known as swollen glands.

A

Lymphadenitis

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31
Q

Any disease process affecting a lymph node or nodes.

A

Lymphadenopathy

32
Q

A benign tumor formed by an abnormal collection of lymphatic vessels due to a congenital malformation of the lymphatic system.

A

Lymphangioma

33
Q

Swelling due to an abnormal accumulation of lymph fluid within the tissues.

A

Lymphedema

34
Q

One of three types of cells that are formed in bone marrow as stem cells that act as specialized antibodies.

A

Lymphocytes

35
Q

A general term applied to malignancies affecting lymphoid tissues.

A

Lymphoma

36
Q

A diagnostic test to detect damage or malformations of the lymphatic vessels.

A

Lymphoscintigraphy

37
Q

A type of leukocyte that surrounds and kills invading cells.

A

Macrophage

38
Q

A disease caused by a parasite that lives in certain mosquitoes and is transferred to humans by the bite of an infected mosquito.

A

Malaria

39
Q

A radiographic examination of the breasts to detect the presence of tumors or precancerous cells.

A

Mammography

40
Q

A new cancer site that results from the spreading process.

A

Metastasis (plural, metastases)

41
Q

The process by which cancer spreads from one place to another.

A

Metastasize

42
Q

A benign tumor made up of muscle tissue.

A

Myoma

43
Q

A malignant tumor derived from muscle tissue.

A

Myosarcoma

44
Q

The term used to describe all lymphomas other than Hodgkin’s lymphoma.

A

non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma

45
Q

Caused by a pathogen that normally does not cause illness in healthy humans, but is able to cause an infection in a weakened host.

A

Opportunistic infection

46
Q

A hard-tissue sarcoma usually involving the upper shaft of long bones, the pelvis or the knees.

A

Osteosarcoma

47
Q

A plant or an animal that lives on or within another living organism at the expense of that organism.

A

Parasite

48
Q

An acute viral infection transmitted to humans through the bite or saliva of an infected animal.

A

Rabies

49
Q

Small bacteria that live in lice, fleas, ticks and mites that transmit infection to humans.

A

Rickettsia

50
Q

A viral infection characterized by a low-grade fever, swollen glands, inflamed eyes, and a fine, pink rash; also known as German measles or 3-day measles.

A

Rubella

51
Q

A malignant tumor that arises from connective tissue; plural, sarcomas or sarcomata.

A

Sarcoma

52
Q

Long, slender spiral-shaped bacteria that have flexible walls and are capable of movement.

A

Spirochetes

53
Q

Abnormal enlargement of the spleen.

A

Splenomegaly

54
Q

Group of about 30 species of bacteria that form irregular groups or clusters resembling grapes.

A

Staphylococci

55
Q

Bacteria that form a chain.

A

Streptococci

56
Q

A severe response to an allergen.

A

Systemic reaction

57
Q

Radiation therapy administered at a distance from the body.

A

Teletherapy

58
Q

A parasite that is most commonly transmitted from pets to human by contact with contaminated animal feces.

A

Toxoplasmosis

59
Q

A highly contagious disease caused by a herpes virus characterized by a fever and rash; also known as chickenpox.

A

Varicella

60
Q

Process of becoming mature.

A

Maturation

61
Q

To be modified to perform a specific function.

A

Differentiation

62
Q

Hard and soft palates that form the roof of the mouth.

A

Palatine

63
Q

Pertaining to the tongue.

A

Lingual

64
Q

No cuts, scrapes, open soars or breaks in the skin.

A

Intact

65
Q

To complete or make whole.

A

Complement

66
Q

Weakened by another condition.

A

Debilitated

67
Q

To cause greater activity -

To decrease or stop a normal response -

A

Stimulate

Repress

68
Q

Pertains to a single clone of cells.

A

Monoclonal

69
Q

Exact replica of a group of bacteria.

A

Clone

70
Q

Rod shaped -
Spherical bacteria -
Clusters or bunches of grapes-
Twisted Chain -

A

Bacilli
-cocci
staphyl/o
strept/o

71
Q

Slow the growth or development.

A

Inhibit

72
Q

A new and abnormal tissue formation in which the multiplication of cells is uncontrolled, abnormally rapid and progressive.

A

Neoplasm

73
Q

To gain access to -

A

Infiltrate

74
Q

The place where the cancer first occurred.

A

In situ

75
Q

An agent intended to increase the effectiveness of a drug.

A

Adjuvant

76
Q

To increase rapidly -

A

Proliferation

Medical Terminology 1 (19 decks)

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