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Medical Terminology 1 > Vocabulary (Chapter 3) > Flashcards

Vocabulary (Chapter 3) Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

The large circular cavity in each side of the pelvis that articulates with the head of the femur to form the hip joint; commonly known as the hip socket.

A

Acetabulum

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2
Q

Originating within another.

A

Allogenic

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3
Q

A form of rheumatoid arthritis that primarily causes inflammation of the joints between the vertebrae.

A

Ankylosing spondylitis

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4
Q

The surgical fusion of two bones to stiffen a joint, such as an ankle, elbow, or shoulder.

A

Arthrodesis

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5
Q

The surgical loosening of an ankylosed joint.

A

Arthrolysis

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6
Q

The visual examination of the internal structure of a joint.

A

Arthroscopy

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7
Q

Originating within the individual.

A

Autologous

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8
Q

A slow-growing benign tumor derived from cartilage cells.

A

Chondroma

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9
Q

The abnormal softening of the cartilage.

A

Chondromalacia

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10
Q

A fracture in which the bone is splintered or crushed.

A

Comminuted fracture

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11
Q

Occurs when the bone is pressed together on itself.

A

Compression fracture

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12
Q

An inflammation of the cartilage that connects a rib to the sternum.

A

Costochondritis

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13
Q

A malformation of the skull due to the premature closure of the cranial sutures.

A

Craniostenosis

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14
Q

The crackling sound heard when the ends of a broken bone move together.

A

Crepitation

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15
Q

A low-exposure radiographic measurement of the spine and hips that measures bode density.

A

Dual x-ray absorptiomentry

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16
Q

A bone disorder of unknown cause that destroys normal bone structure and replaces it with fibrous (scarlike) tissue.

A

Fibrous dysplasia

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17
Q

An abnormal enlargement of the joint at the base of the great toe; also known as a bunion.

A

Hallux valgus

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18
Q

Blood within a joint.

A

Hemarthrosis

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19
Q

Pertaining to the formation of blood cells.

A

Hemopoietic

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20
Q

A fracture treatment in which pins or a plate is placed directly into the bone to hold the broken pieces in place.

A

Internal fixation

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21
Q

An autoimmune disorder that affects children of 16 years of age or younger with symptoms that include stiffness, pain, joint swelling, skin rash, fever, slowed growth, and fatigue.

A

Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis

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22
Q

An abnormal increase in the outward curvature of the thoracic spine as viewed from the side; also known as humpback or dowager’s hump.

A

Kyphosis

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23
Q

The surgical removal of a lamina from a vertebra.

A

Laminectomy

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24
Q

An abnormal increase in the forward curvature of the lumbar spine; also known as swayback.

A

Lordosis

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25
Q

Pain in the lumbar region of the spine; also known as low back pain.

A

Lumbago

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26
Q

The rounded bony protuberance on the tibia and fibula on the sides of each ankle joint.

A

Malleoulus

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27
Q

The bony structure that forms the upper portion of the sternum.

A

Manubrium

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28
Q

The five bones that form the palms of the hand.

A

Metacarpals

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29
Q

The bones that form the part of the foot to which the toes are attached.

A

Metatarsals

30
Q

A type of cancer that occurs in blood-making cells found in the red bone marrow.

A

Myeloma

31
Q

A break in which the bone is broken and there is an open wound in the skin; also known as a compound fracture.

A

Open fracture

32
Q

A physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders involving the bones, joints, and muscles; also known as an orthopedist.

A

Orthopedic surgeon

33
Q

A mechanical appliance such as a leg brace or splint that is specially designed to control, correct, or compensate for impaired limb function.

A

Orthotic

34
Q

Inflammation of bone

A

Osteitis (also spelled “ostitis”)

35
Q

The type of arthritis characterized by the wearing away of the articular cartilage within the joints and most commonly associated with aging; also known as wear-and-tear arthritis.

A

Osteoarthritis

36
Q

A benign bony projection covered with cartilage.

A

Osteochondroma

37
Q

The surgical fracture of a bone to correct a deformity.

A

Osteoclasis

38
Q

Abnormal softening of bones in adults.

A

Osteomalacia

39
Q

Inflammation of the bone marrow and adjacent bone.

A

Osteomyelitis

40
Q

The death of bone tissue resulting from insufficient blood supply to an area of bone.

A

Osteonecrosis

41
Q

The thinner-than-average bone density

A

Osteopenia

42
Q

A marked loss of bone density and an increase in bone porosity frequently associated with aging.

A

Osteoporosis

43
Q

A broken bone usually caused by weakening of the bones due to osteoporosis and can occur either spontaneously or as the result of a fall.

A

Osteoporotic hip fracture

44
Q

Surgical suturing or wiring together of bones.

A

Osteorrhaphy

45
Q

A disease of unknown origin that is characterized by extensive breakdown of bone tissue followed by abnormal bone formation.

A

Paget’s disease

46
Q

When a bone breaks under normal strain because the bone has weakened by osteoporosis or by a disease process such as cancer.

A

Pathologic fracture

47
Q

A minimally invasive procedure performed to treat osteoporosis-related compression fractures of the spine.

A

Percutaneous vertebroplasty

48
Q

An inflammation of the periosteum.

A

Periostitis

49
Q

A specialist in diagnosing and treating disorders of the foot.

A

Podiatrist

50
Q

A substitute for a diseased or missing body part, such as a leg that has been amputated.

A

Prosthesis

51
Q

A chronic autoimmune disorder in which the joints and some organs of other body systems are attacked.

A

Rheumatoid arthritis

52
Q

A deficiency disease occurring in children characterized by defective bone growth and caused by a lack of vitamin D.

A

Rickets

53
Q

An abnormal lateral curvature of the spine.

A

Scoliosis

54
Q

A congenital defect that occurs during early pregnancy in which spinal canal fails to close completely around the spinal cord to protect it.

A

Spinal bifida

55
Q

A fracture in which the bone has been twisted apart.

A

Spiral fracture

56
Q

The slipping forward of one of the lower lumbar vertebrae on the vertebra or sacrum below it.

A

Spondylolisthesis

57
Q

A degenerative disorder that can cause the loss of normal spinal structure and function; also known as spinal osteoarthritis.

A

Spondylosis

58
Q

The partial displacement of a bone from its joint.

A

Subluxation

59
Q

The surgical removal of a synovial membrane from a joint.

A

Synovectomy

60
Q

The bony structural units of the spinal column.

A

Vertebrae

61
Q

Means to come together (in reference to bones and joints) or to join together with.

A

Articulate

62
Q

Movement away from the midline of the body - as in joint movement.

Movement towards the midline of the body - as in joint movement.

Movement in a circular motion.

A

Abduction
Adduction
Circumduction

63
Q

Anything attached to a major part of the body.

A

Appendage

Appendicular - means referring to an appendage.

64
Q

Is the terminal end of a body part such as an arm or leg.

A

Extremity

65
Q

External opening of a canal.

A

Meatus

66
Q

Pertaining to the neck.

A

Cervical

67
Q

Relating to the part of the back and sides between the ribs and the pelvis.

A

Lumbar

68
Q

Breaking down or impairment of a body part.

A

Degenerative

69
Q

Foreign matter circulating in the blood that can become lodged and blocked the blood vessel.

A

Embolus

70
Q

Originating within another.

A

Allogenic

71
Q

Originating within an individual.

A

Autologous

72
Q

To move from place to place.

A

Ambulating

Medical Terminology 1 (19 decks)

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