Vocabulary (Chapter 3) Flashcards
The large circular cavity in each side of the pelvis that articulates with the head of the femur to form the hip joint; commonly known as the hip socket.
Acetabulum
Originating within another.
Allogenic
A form of rheumatoid arthritis that primarily causes inflammation of the joints between the vertebrae.
Ankylosing spondylitis
The surgical fusion of two bones to stiffen a joint, such as an ankle, elbow, or shoulder.
Arthrodesis
The surgical loosening of an ankylosed joint.
Arthrolysis
The visual examination of the internal structure of a joint.
Arthroscopy
Originating within the individual.
Autologous
A slow-growing benign tumor derived from cartilage cells.
Chondroma
The abnormal softening of the cartilage.
Chondromalacia
A fracture in which the bone is splintered or crushed.
Comminuted fracture
Occurs when the bone is pressed together on itself.
Compression fracture
An inflammation of the cartilage that connects a rib to the sternum.
Costochondritis
A malformation of the skull due to the premature closure of the cranial sutures.
Craniostenosis
The crackling sound heard when the ends of a broken bone move together.
Crepitation
A low-exposure radiographic measurement of the spine and hips that measures bode density.
Dual x-ray absorptiomentry
A bone disorder of unknown cause that destroys normal bone structure and replaces it with fibrous (scarlike) tissue.
Fibrous dysplasia
An abnormal enlargement of the joint at the base of the great toe; also known as a bunion.
Hallux valgus
Blood within a joint.
Hemarthrosis
Pertaining to the formation of blood cells.
Hemopoietic
A fracture treatment in which pins or a plate is placed directly into the bone to hold the broken pieces in place.
Internal fixation
An autoimmune disorder that affects children of 16 years of age or younger with symptoms that include stiffness, pain, joint swelling, skin rash, fever, slowed growth, and fatigue.
Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis
An abnormal increase in the outward curvature of the thoracic spine as viewed from the side; also known as humpback or dowager’s hump.
Kyphosis
The surgical removal of a lamina from a vertebra.
Laminectomy
An abnormal increase in the forward curvature of the lumbar spine; also known as swayback.
Lordosis
Pain in the lumbar region of the spine; also known as low back pain.
Lumbago
The rounded bony protuberance on the tibia and fibula on the sides of each ankle joint.
Malleoulus
The bony structure that forms the upper portion of the sternum.
Manubrium
The five bones that form the palms of the hand.
Metacarpals
The bones that form the part of the foot to which the toes are attached.
Metatarsals
A type of cancer that occurs in blood-making cells found in the red bone marrow.
Myeloma
A break in which the bone is broken and there is an open wound in the skin; also known as a compound fracture.
Open fracture
A physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders involving the bones, joints, and muscles; also known as an orthopedist.
Orthopedic surgeon
A mechanical appliance such as a leg brace or splint that is specially designed to control, correct, or compensate for impaired limb function.
Orthotic
Inflammation of bone
Osteitis (also spelled “ostitis”)
The type of arthritis characterized by the wearing away of the articular cartilage within the joints and most commonly associated with aging; also known as wear-and-tear arthritis.
Osteoarthritis
A benign bony projection covered with cartilage.
Osteochondroma
The surgical fracture of a bone to correct a deformity.
Osteoclasis
Abnormal softening of bones in adults.
Osteomalacia
Inflammation of the bone marrow and adjacent bone.
Osteomyelitis
The death of bone tissue resulting from insufficient blood supply to an area of bone.
Osteonecrosis
The thinner-than-average bone density
Osteopenia
A marked loss of bone density and an increase in bone porosity frequently associated with aging.
Osteoporosis
A broken bone usually caused by weakening of the bones due to osteoporosis and can occur either spontaneously or as the result of a fall.
Osteoporotic hip fracture
Surgical suturing or wiring together of bones.
Osteorrhaphy
A disease of unknown origin that is characterized by extensive breakdown of bone tissue followed by abnormal bone formation.
Paget’s disease
When a bone breaks under normal strain because the bone has weakened by osteoporosis or by a disease process such as cancer.
Pathologic fracture
A minimally invasive procedure performed to treat osteoporosis-related compression fractures of the spine.
Percutaneous vertebroplasty
An inflammation of the periosteum.
Periostitis
A specialist in diagnosing and treating disorders of the foot.
Podiatrist
A substitute for a diseased or missing body part, such as a leg that has been amputated.
Prosthesis
A chronic autoimmune disorder in which the joints and some organs of other body systems are attacked.
Rheumatoid arthritis
A deficiency disease occurring in children characterized by defective bone growth and caused by a lack of vitamin D.
Rickets
An abnormal lateral curvature of the spine.
Scoliosis
A congenital defect that occurs during early pregnancy in which spinal canal fails to close completely around the spinal cord to protect it.
Spinal bifida
A fracture in which the bone has been twisted apart.
Spiral fracture
The slipping forward of one of the lower lumbar vertebrae on the vertebra or sacrum below it.
Spondylolisthesis
A degenerative disorder that can cause the loss of normal spinal structure and function; also known as spinal osteoarthritis.
Spondylosis
The partial displacement of a bone from its joint.
Subluxation
The surgical removal of a synovial membrane from a joint.
Synovectomy
The bony structural units of the spinal column.
Vertebrae
Means to come together (in reference to bones and joints) or to join together with.
Articulate
Movement away from the midline of the body - as in joint movement.
Movement towards the midline of the body - as in joint movement.
Movement in a circular motion.
Abduction
Adduction
Circumduction
Anything attached to a major part of the body.
Appendage
Appendicular - means referring to an appendage.
Is the terminal end of a body part such as an arm or leg.
Extremity
External opening of a canal.
Meatus
Pertaining to the neck.
Cervical
Relating to the part of the back and sides between the ribs and the pelvis.
Lumbar
Breaking down or impairment of a body part.
Degenerative
Foreign matter circulating in the blood that can become lodged and blocked the blood vessel.
Embolus
Originating within another.
Allogenic
Originating within an individual.
Autologous
To move from place to place.
Ambulating
