Vocabulary (Chapter 2) Flashcards
The body cavity that contains primarily the major organs of digestion.
Abdominal cavity
The surgical removal of a gland.
Adenectomy
A malignant tumor that originates in glandular tissue.
Adenocarcinoma
A benign tumor that arises in or resemble glandular tissue.
Adenoma
Abnormal softening of a gland.
Adenomalacia
Abnormal hardening of a gland or glands.
Adenosclerosis
A change in the structure of cells and in their orientation to each other.
Anaplasia
The study of the structures of the body.
Anatomy
A deviation from what is regarded as normal.
Anomaly
Situated in front.
Anterior
The defective development or congenital absence of an organ or tissue.
Aplasia
The spread of a disease through contact with blood or other body fluids contaminated with blood.
bloodborne transmission
Toward the lower part of the body.
Caudal
Toward the head
Cephalic
The genetic structures located within the nucleus of each cell.
Chromosomes
Any disease transmitted from one person to another by direct or indirect contact with contaminated objects.
Communicable disease
An abnormal condition that exists at the time of birth.
Congenital disorder
The material located within the cell membrane that is not part of the nucleus.
Cytoplasm
Situated farthest from the midline or beginning of a body structure.
Distal
Back of the body or organ.
Dorsal
Abnormal development or growth of cells, tissues or organs.
Dysplasia
Referring to the ongoing presence of a disease, such as the common cold, within a population, group or area.
Endemic
Glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream.
Endocrine Glands
A sudden and widespread outbreak of a disease within a specific population group or area.
Epidemic
The region located above the stomach.
Epigastric Region
The study of the causes of diseases.
Etiology
Glands that secrete chemical substances into ducts leading either to other organs or out of the body.
Exocrine Glands
Produces symptoms for which no physiological or anatomical cause can be identified.
Functional Disorder
A pathological condition caused by an absent or defective gene.
Genetic Disorder
A physician who specializes in the care of older people.
Geriatrician
A group of hereditary bleeding disorders in which one of the factors needed to clot the blood is missing; transmitted from mother to son.
Hemophilia
The study of the structure, composition and function of tissues.
Histology
The processes through which the body maintains a constant internal environment.
Homeostasis
The enlargement of an organ or tissue because of an abnormal increase in the number of cells in the tissues.
Hyperplasia
A general increase in the bulk of a body part of organ that is due to an increase in the size, but not in the number, of the cells in the tissues.
Hypertrophy
The region of the abdomen that is located below the stomach.
Hypogastric Region
The incomplete development of an organ or tissue usually due to a deficiency in the number of cells.
Hypoplasia
Side effect or unfavorable response arising from a prescribed treatment or medication.
Iatrogenic Illness
An illness without a known cause.
Idiopathic disorder
Illness caused by a living pathogenic organism, such as a bacterium, virus or fungus.
Infectious disease
Relating to the groin; refers to the entire lower portion of the abdomen including the groin.
Inguinal
The direction toward or nearer the midline.
Medial
The fused double layer of the parietal peritoneum that attaches parts of the intestine to the interior abdominal wall.
Mesentery
The vertical plane that divides the body, from top to bottom, into equal left and right halves.
Midsagittal Plane
Infection acquired in a hospital or clinic.
Nonocomial Infection
A disease outbreak occurring over a large geographic area, possibly worldwide.
Pandemic
The space formed by the hip bones that contains primarily the organs of the reproductive and excretory systems.
Pelvic Cavity
The multilayered membrane that protects and supports (suspends in place) the organs located in the abdominal cavity.
Peritoneum
Inflammation of the peritoneum.
Peritonitis
A genetic disorder in which the essential digestive enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase is missing.
Phenylketonuria
The study of the functions of the body structures.
Physiology
Situated in back or on the back part of an organ.
Posterior
Situated nearest the midline or beginning of a body structure.
Proximal
Located behind the peritoneum of the abdominal cavity.
Retroperitoneal
Unspecialized cells that renew themselves for long periods of time through cell division.
Stem Cells
The cavity that surrounds and protects the heart and the lungs, also known as the chest.
Thoracic Cavity
The horizontal plane that divides the body into upper and lower portions; runs across the body.
Transverse Plane
The pit in the center of the abdominal wall that marks where the umbilical cord was attached before birth.
Umbilicus
The spread of a disease due to the bite of a vector capable of transmitting that disease.
Vector-borne Transmission
Refers to the front or belly side of the body or organ.
Ventral
Study of the anatomy, physiology, pathology and chemistry of the cell.
Cytology
Specialist in the study and analysis of cells.
Cytologist
Fundamental physical and functional unit of heredity.
Gene
Used to describe the location of the structural units of the body (Body planes, directions, cavities and structural units.
Anatomical Reference Systems
Means harmful, capable of spreading & potentially life threatening. Ex. Relating to tumor (cancerous)
Malignant
Not life threatening. Ex. Biopsy of a tumor and it’s findings.
Benign
