Vocabulary (Chapter 2)

Question 1

The body cavity that contains primarily the major organs of digestion.

Answer 1

Abdominal cavity

Question 2

The surgical removal of a gland.

Answer 2

Adenectomy

Question 3

A malignant tumor that originates in glandular tissue.

Answer 3

Adenocarcinoma

Question 4

A benign tumor that arises in or resemble glandular tissue.

Answer 4

Adenoma

Question 5

Abnormal softening of a gland.

Answer 5

Adenomalacia

Question 6

Abnormal hardening of a gland or glands.

Answer 6

Adenosclerosis

Question 7

A change in the structure of cells and in their orientation to each other.

Answer 7

Anaplasia

Question 8

The study of the structures of the body.

Answer 8

Anatomy

Question 9

A deviation from what is regarded as normal.

Answer 9

Anomaly

Question 10

Situated in front.

Answer 10

Anterior

Question 11

The defective development or congenital absence of an organ or tissue.

Answer 11

Aplasia

Question 12

The spread of a disease through contact with blood or other body fluids contaminated with blood.

Answer 12

bloodborne transmission

Question 13

Toward the lower part of the body.

Answer 13

Caudal

Question 14

Toward the head

Answer 14

Cephalic

Question 15

The genetic structures located within the nucleus of each cell.

Answer 15

Chromosomes

Question 16

Any disease transmitted from one person to another by direct or indirect contact with contaminated objects.

Answer 16

Communicable disease

Question 17

An abnormal condition that exists at the time of birth.

Answer 17

Congenital disorder

Question 18

The material located within the cell membrane that is not part of the nucleus.

Answer 18

Cytoplasm

Question 19

Situated farthest from the midline or beginning of a body structure.

Answer 19

Distal

Question 20

Back of the body or organ.

Answer 20

Dorsal

Question 21

Abnormal development or growth of cells, tissues or organs.

Answer 21

Dysplasia

Question 22

Referring to the ongoing presence of a disease, such as the common cold, within a population, group or area.

Answer 22

Endemic

Question 23

Glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream.

Answer 23

Endocrine Glands

Question 24

A sudden and widespread outbreak of a disease within a specific population group or area.

Answer 24

Epidemic

Question 25

The region located above the stomach.

Answer 25

Epigastric Region

Question 26

The study of the causes of diseases.

Answer 26

Etiology

Question 27

Glands that secrete chemical substances into ducts leading either to other organs or out of the body.

Answer 27

Exocrine Glands

Question 28

Produces symptoms for which no physiological or anatomical cause can be identified.

Answer 28

Functional Disorder

Question 29

A pathological condition caused by an absent or defective gene.

Answer 29

Genetic Disorder

Question 30

A physician who specializes in the care of older people.

Answer 30

Geriatrician

Question 31

A group of hereditary bleeding disorders in which one of the factors needed to clot the blood is missing; transmitted from mother to son.

Answer 31

Hemophilia

Question 32

The study of the structure, composition and function of tissues.

Answer 32

Histology

Question 33

The processes through which the body maintains a constant internal environment.

Answer 33

Homeostasis

Question 34

The enlargement of an organ or tissue because of an abnormal increase in the number of cells in the tissues.

Answer 34

Hyperplasia

Question 35

A general increase in the bulk of a body part of organ that is due to an increase in the size, but not in the number, of the cells in the tissues.

Answer 35

Hypertrophy

Question 36

The region of the abdomen that is located below the stomach.

Answer 36

Hypogastric Region

Question 37

The incomplete development of an organ or tissue usually due to a deficiency in the number of cells.

Answer 37

Hypoplasia

Question 38

Side effect or unfavorable response arising from a prescribed treatment or medication.

Answer 38

Iatrogenic Illness

Question 39

An illness without a known cause.

Answer 39

Idiopathic disorder

Question 40

Illness caused by a living pathogenic organism, such as a bacterium, virus or fungus.

Answer 40

Infectious disease

Question 41

Relating to the groin; refers to the entire lower portion of the abdomen including the groin.

Answer 41

Inguinal

Question 42

The direction toward or nearer the midline.

Answer 42

Medial

Question 43

The fused double layer of the parietal peritoneum that attaches parts of the intestine to the interior abdominal wall.

Answer 43

Mesentery

Question 44

The vertical plane that divides the body, from top to bottom, into equal left and right halves.

Answer 44

Midsagittal Plane

Question 45

Infection acquired in a hospital or clinic.

Answer 45

Nonocomial Infection

Question 46

A disease outbreak occurring over a large geographic area, possibly worldwide.

Answer 46

Pandemic

Question 47

The space formed by the hip bones that contains primarily the organs of the reproductive and excretory systems.

Answer 47

Pelvic Cavity

Question 48

The multilayered membrane that protects and supports (suspends in place) the organs located in the abdominal cavity.

Answer 48

Peritoneum

Question 49

Inflammation of the peritoneum.

Answer 49

Peritonitis

Question 50

A genetic disorder in which the essential digestive enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase is missing.

Answer 50

Phenylketonuria

Question 51

The study of the functions of the body structures.

Answer 51

Physiology

Question 52

Situated in back or on the back part of an organ.

Answer 52

Posterior

Question 53

Situated nearest the midline or beginning of a body structure.

Answer 53

Proximal

Question 54

Located behind the peritoneum of the abdominal cavity.

Answer 54

Retroperitoneal

Question 55

Unspecialized cells that renew themselves for long periods of time through cell division.

Answer 55

Stem Cells

Question 56

The cavity that surrounds and protects the heart and the lungs, also known as the chest.

Answer 56

Thoracic Cavity

Question 57

The horizontal plane that divides the body into upper and lower portions; runs across the body.

Answer 57

Transverse Plane

Question 58

The pit in the center of the abdominal wall that marks where the umbilical cord was attached before birth.

Answer 58

Umbilicus

Question 59

The spread of a disease due to the bite of a vector capable of transmitting that disease.

Answer 59

Vector-borne Transmission

Question 60

Refers to the front or belly side of the body or organ.

Answer 60

Ventral

Question 61

Study of the anatomy, physiology, pathology and chemistry of the cell.

Answer 61

Cytology

Question 62

Specialist in the study and analysis of cells.

Answer 62

Cytologist

Question 63

Fundamental physical and functional unit of heredity.

Answer 63

Gene

Question 64

Used to describe the location of the structural units of the body (Body planes, directions, cavities and structural units.

Answer 64

Anatomical Reference Systems

Question 65

Means harmful, capable of spreading & potentially life threatening. Ex. Relating to tumor (cancerous)

Answer 65

Malignant

Question 66

Not life threatening. Ex. Biopsy of a tumor and it's findings.

Answer 66

Benign