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Medical Terminology 1 > Vocabulary (Chapter 2) > Flashcards

Vocabulary (Chapter 2) Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

The body cavity that contains primarily the major organs of digestion.

A

Abdominal cavity

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2
Q

The surgical removal of a gland.

A

Adenectomy

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3
Q

A malignant tumor that originates in glandular tissue.

A

Adenocarcinoma

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4
Q

A benign tumor that arises in or resemble glandular tissue.

A

Adenoma

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5
Q

Abnormal softening of a gland.

A

Adenomalacia

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6
Q

Abnormal hardening of a gland or glands.

A

Adenosclerosis

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7
Q

A change in the structure of cells and in their orientation to each other.

A

Anaplasia

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8
Q

The study of the structures of the body.

A

Anatomy

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9
Q

A deviation from what is regarded as normal.

A

Anomaly

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10
Q

Situated in front.

A

Anterior

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11
Q

The defective development or congenital absence of an organ or tissue.

A

Aplasia

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12
Q

The spread of a disease through contact with blood or other body fluids contaminated with blood.

A

bloodborne transmission

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13
Q

Toward the lower part of the body.

A

Caudal

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14
Q

Toward the head

A

Cephalic

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15
Q

The genetic structures located within the nucleus of each cell.

A

Chromosomes

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16
Q

Any disease transmitted from one person to another by direct or indirect contact with contaminated objects.

A

Communicable disease

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17
Q

An abnormal condition that exists at the time of birth.

A

Congenital disorder

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18
Q

The material located within the cell membrane that is not part of the nucleus.

A

Cytoplasm

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19
Q

Situated farthest from the midline or beginning of a body structure.

A

Distal

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20
Q

Back of the body or organ.

A

Dorsal

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21
Q

Abnormal development or growth of cells, tissues or organs.

A

Dysplasia

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22
Q

Referring to the ongoing presence of a disease, such as the common cold, within a population, group or area.

A

Endemic

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23
Q

Glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream.

A

Endocrine Glands

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24
Q

A sudden and widespread outbreak of a disease within a specific population group or area.

A

Epidemic

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25
Q

The region located above the stomach.

A

Epigastric Region

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26
Q

The study of the causes of diseases.

A

Etiology

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27
Q

Glands that secrete chemical substances into ducts leading either to other organs or out of the body.

A

Exocrine Glands

28
Q

Produces symptoms for which no physiological or anatomical cause can be identified.

A

Functional Disorder

29
Q

A pathological condition caused by an absent or defective gene.

A

Genetic Disorder

30
Q

A physician who specializes in the care of older people.

A

Geriatrician

31
Q

A group of hereditary bleeding disorders in which one of the factors needed to clot the blood is missing; transmitted from mother to son.

A

Hemophilia

32
Q

The study of the structure, composition and function of tissues.

A

Histology

33
Q

The processes through which the body maintains a constant internal environment.

A

Homeostasis

34
Q

The enlargement of an organ or tissue because of an abnormal increase in the number of cells in the tissues.

A

Hyperplasia

35
Q

A general increase in the bulk of a body part of organ that is due to an increase in the size, but not in the number, of the cells in the tissues.

A

Hypertrophy

36
Q

The region of the abdomen that is located below the stomach.

A

Hypogastric Region

37
Q

The incomplete development of an organ or tissue usually due to a deficiency in the number of cells.

A

Hypoplasia

38
Q

Side effect or unfavorable response arising from a prescribed treatment or medication.

A

Iatrogenic Illness

39
Q

An illness without a known cause.

A

Idiopathic disorder

40
Q

Illness caused by a living pathogenic organism, such as a bacterium, virus or fungus.

A

Infectious disease

41
Q

Relating to the groin; refers to the entire lower portion of the abdomen including the groin.

A

Inguinal

42
Q

The direction toward or nearer the midline.

A

Medial

43
Q

The fused double layer of the parietal peritoneum that attaches parts of the intestine to the interior abdominal wall.

A

Mesentery

44
Q

The vertical plane that divides the body, from top to bottom, into equal left and right halves.

A

Midsagittal Plane

45
Q

Infection acquired in a hospital or clinic.

A

Nonocomial Infection

46
Q

A disease outbreak occurring over a large geographic area, possibly worldwide.

A

Pandemic

47
Q

The space formed by the hip bones that contains primarily the organs of the reproductive and excretory systems.

A

Pelvic Cavity

48
Q

The multilayered membrane that protects and supports (suspends in place) the organs located in the abdominal cavity.

A

Peritoneum

49
Q

Inflammation of the peritoneum.

A

Peritonitis

50
Q

A genetic disorder in which the essential digestive enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase is missing.

A

Phenylketonuria

51
Q

The study of the functions of the body structures.

A

Physiology

52
Q

Situated in back or on the back part of an organ.

A

Posterior

53
Q

Situated nearest the midline or beginning of a body structure.

A

Proximal

54
Q

Located behind the peritoneum of the abdominal cavity.

A

Retroperitoneal

55
Q

Unspecialized cells that renew themselves for long periods of time through cell division.

A

Stem Cells

56
Q

The cavity that surrounds and protects the heart and the lungs, also known as the chest.

A

Thoracic Cavity

57
Q

The horizontal plane that divides the body into upper and lower portions; runs across the body.

A

Transverse Plane

58
Q

The pit in the center of the abdominal wall that marks where the umbilical cord was attached before birth.

A

Umbilicus

59
Q

The spread of a disease due to the bite of a vector capable of transmitting that disease.

A

Vector-borne Transmission

60
Q

Refers to the front or belly side of the body or organ.

A

Ventral

61
Q

Study of the anatomy, physiology, pathology and chemistry of the cell.

A

Cytology

62
Q

Specialist in the study and analysis of cells.

A

Cytologist

63
Q

Fundamental physical and functional unit of heredity.

A

Gene

64
Q

Used to describe the location of the structural units of the body (Body planes, directions, cavities and structural units.

A

Anatomical Reference Systems

65
Q

Means harmful, capable of spreading & potentially life threatening. Ex. Relating to tumor (cancerous)

A

Malignant

66
Q

Not life threatening. Ex. Biopsy of a tumor and it’s findings.

A

Benign

Medical Terminology 1 (19 decks)

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