Vocabulary (Chapter 4)

Question 1

Movement of a limb away from the midline of the body.

Answer 1

Abduction

Question 2

Movement of a limb toward the midline of the body.

Answer 2

Adduction

Question 3

A band of fibrous tissue that holds the structures together abnormally.

Answer 3

Adhesion

Question 4

The lack of muscle coordination during the voluntary movement.

Answer 4

Ataxia

Question 5

Lacking normal muscle tone or strength.

Answer 5

Atonic

Question 6

Weakness or wearing away of body tissues and structures caused by pathology or by disease of the muscle over a long period of time.

Answer 6

Atrophy

Question 7

Extreme slowness in movement.

Answer 7

Bradykinesia

Question 8

Inflammation and swelling of the tendons that pass through the carpal tunnel, which then creates pressure on the median nerve.

Answer 8

Carpal tunnel syndrome

Question 9

A debilitating and complex disorder characterized by profound fatigue that is not improved by bed rest and may be made worse by physical or mental activity.

Answer 9

Chronic fatigue syndrome

Question 10

The circular movement at the far end of a limb.

Answer 10

Circumduction

Question 11

The permanent tightening of fascia, muscles, tendons, ligaments or skin that occurs when normally elastic connective tissue are replaced with non-elastic fibrous tissues.

Answer 11

Contracture

Question 12

Movement that bends the foot upward at the ankle and narrows the angles between the top of the foot and the front of the leg.

Answer 12

Dorsiflexion

Question 13

Distortion or impairment of voluntary movement in which the movements appear purposeful but are not under voluntary control, as in tics or spasms.

Answer 13

Dyskinesia

Question 14

A condition of abnormal muscle tone that causes the impairment of voluntary muscle movement.

Answer 14

Dystonia

Question 15

A diagnostic procedure that measures the electrical activity within muscle fibers in response to nerve stimulation.

Answer 15

Electromyography

Question 16

Inflammation of the tissues surrounding the elbow.

Answer 16

Epicondylitis

Question 17

The study of human factors that affect the design and operation of tools and the work environment.

Answer 17

Ergonomics

Question 18

A specialist who works under a physician’s supervision to develop, implement and coordinate exercise programs and administer medical tests to promote physical fitness.

Answer 18

Exercise physiologist

Question 19

Inflammation of a fascia.

Answer 19

Fasciitis (or fascitis)

Question 20

A debilitating chronic condition characterized by fatigue; diffuse and /or specific muscle, joint, or bone pain; and a wide range of other symptoms.

Answer 20

Fibromyalgia syndrome

Question 21

A harmless fluid-filled swelling that occurs most commonly on the outer surface of the wrist.

Answer 21

Ganglion cyst

Question 22

A calcium deposit that is in the plantar fascia near its attachment to the calcaneus (heel) bone and can be one of the causes of plantar fasciitis.

Answer 22

Heel spur

Question 23

Slight paralysis or weakness affecting the one side of the body.

Answer 23

Hemiparesis

Question 24

Total paralysis affecting only one side of the body.

Answer 24

Hemiplegia

Question 25

The protrusion or a part of a structure through the tissues normally containing it.

Answer 25

Hernia

Question 26

Abnormally increased motor function or activity; also known as hyperactivity.

Answer 26

Hyperkinesia

Question 27

A condition of diminished tone of the skeletal muscles.

Answer 27

Hypotonia

Question 28

Inflamed and swollen tendons are caught in the narrow space between the bones within the shoulder joint.

Answer 28

Impingement syndrome

Question 29

The point where the muscle ends by attaching to a bone or tendon.

Answer 29

Insertion

Question 30

Pain in the leg muscles that occurs during exercise and is relieved by rest.

Answer 30

Intermittent Claudication

Question 31

A group of more than 30 genetic diseases that are characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of the skeletal muscles that control movement, without affecting the nervous system.

Answer 31

Muscular dystrophy

Question 32

A chronic autoimmune disease that affects the neuromuscular junction (where the neuron activates the muscles to contract) and produces serious weakness of voluntary muscles.

Answer 32

Myasthenia gravis

Question 33

The herniation (protrusion) of muscle substance through a tear in the fascia surrounding it.

Answer 33

Myocele

Question 34

The sudden, involuntary jerking of a muscle or group of muscles.

Answer 34

Myoclonus

Question 35

A specialized soft-tissue manipulation technique used to ease the pain of conditions such as fibromyalgia syndrome, myofascial pain syndrome, movement restrictions, temporomandibular joint disorders, and carpel tunnel syndrome.

Answer 35

Myofascial release

Question 36

The degeneration of muscle tissue.

Answer 36

Myolysis

Question 37

Weakness or slight muscular paralysis.

Answer 37

Myoparesis

Question 38

Surgical suturing of a muscle.

Answer 38

Myorrhaphy

Question 39

Pertaining to the relationship between a nerve and muscle.

Answer 39

Neuromuscular

Question 40

Jerking of the limbs that can occur normally as a person is falling asleep.

Answer 40

Nocturnal myoclonus

Question 41

Slanted or at an angle.

Answer 41

Oblique

Question 42

The loss of sensation and voluntary muscle movements in a muscle through disease or injury to its nerve supply.

Answer 42

Paralysis

Question 43

Paralysis of both legs and the lower part of the body.

Answer 43

Paraplegia

Question 44

A physician who specializes in physical medicine and rehabilitation with the focus on restoring function.

Answer 44

Physiatrist

Question 45

Inflammation of the plantar fascia on the sole of the foot, causing foot or heel pain when walking or running.

Answer 45

Plantar fasciitis

Question 46

A muscle disease characterized by the simultaneous inflammation and weakening of voluntary muscles in many parts of the body.

Answer 46

Polymyositis

Question 47

The act of rotating the arm or the leg so the palm of the hand or the sole of the foot is turned downward or backward.

Answer 47

Pronation

Question 48

Paralysis of all four extremities.

Answer 48

Quadriplegia

Question 49

A diagnostic procedure to evaluate joint mobility and muscle strength.

Answer 49

Range of motion testing

Question 50

The loss of muscle mass, strength and function that come with aging.

Answer 50

Sarcopenia

Question 51

A painful condition caused by the tibialis anterior muscle tearing away form the tibia (shin bone).

Answer 51

Shin splint

Question 52

Myoclonus of the diaphragm that causes the characteristic hiccup sound with each spasm; also known as hiccups.

Answer 52

Singultus

Question 53

A stiff neck due to spasmodic contraction of the neck muscles that pull the head toward the affected side; also known as wryneck.

Answer 53

Spasmodic torticollis

Question 54

A ringlike muscle that tightly constricts the opening of a passageway.

Answer 54

Sphincter

Question 55

An injury to a joint, such as ankle, knee or wrist, that usually involves a stretched or torn ligament.

Answer 55

Sprain

Question 56

The suturing of the end of a tendon to bone.

Answer 56

Tenodesis

Question 57

An inflammation of the sheath surrounding a tendon.

Answer 57

Tenosynovitis

Question 58

The release of a tendon from adhesions.

Answer 58

Tenolysis

Question 59

Surgical suturing together of the divided ends of a tendon.

Answer 59

Tenorrhaphy

Question 60

In a crosswise fashion or direction.

Answer 60

Transverse

Question 61

Stimulation of a muscle by an impulse transmitted by a motor nerve.

Answer 61

Muscle innervation

Question 62

Decreasing the angle between two bones by bending a limb at a joint.

Answer 62

Flexion

Question 63

Increasing the angle between two bones or the straightening out of a limb.

Answer 63

Extension

Question 64

The act of raising or lifting a body part.

Answer 64

Elevation

Question 65

A muscle that raises a body part.

Answer 65

Levator

Question 66

The act of lowering a body part.

Answer 66

Depression

Question 67

A muscle that lowers a body part.

Answer 67

Depressor

Question 68

A circular movement around an axis such as a shoulder joint. Turns bone on its own axis.

Answer 68

Rotation

Question 69

Act of rotating the arm or the leg so that the palm of the hand or the sole of the foot is turned forward or upward.

Answer 69

Supination

Question 70

The movement that bends the foot downward at the ankle.

Answer 70

Plantar flexion

Question 71

Sole of the foot.

Answer 71

Plantar

Question 72

Where muscle begin, and is located nearest the midline of the body or on a less movable part of the skeleton.

Answer 72

Origin

Question 73

Relating to the chest.

Answer 73

Pectoral

Question 74

Means toward the side of the body.

Answer 74

Lateralis

Question 75

Means toward the midline of the body.

Answer 75

Medialis

Question 76

Straight alignment with the vertical axis of the body.

Answer 76

Rectus

Question 77

Great or large.

Answer 77

Maximus

Question 78

Condition causing weakness.

Answer 78

Debilitating

Question 79

A physician who specializes in treating the causes of paralysis and similar muscular disorders in which there is a loss of function.

Answer 79

Neurologist

Question 80

Restoration, following disease, illness or injury of the ability to function in a normal or near-normal manner.

Answer 80

Rehabilitation

Question 81

Specializes in treating sports-related injuries of the bones, joints and muscles.

Answer 81

Sports medicine physician

Question 82

Relating to spasm.

Answer 82

Spasmodic

Question 83

Means a contraction or shortening of the muscles of the neck.

Answer 83

Torticollis

Question 84

Grave or serious.

Answer 84

Gravis

Question 85

Tender areas that most commonly develop where the fascia comes into contact with a muscle.

Answer 85

Trigger points

Question 86

Pain that originates in one area of the body, but is felt in another.

Answer 86

Referred pain

Question 87

Pertaining to the wrist.

Answer 87

Carpal

Question 88

Refers to the round prominence at the end of a bone. (ie. elbow)

Answer 88

Condyle

Question 89

Tennis elbow

Answer 89

Lateral epicondylitis

Question 90

golfer's elbow

Answer 90

Medial epicondylitis

Question 91

Front and side of the body.

Answer 91

Anterolateral

Question 92

Back and middle of the body.

Answer 92

Posterodmedial

Question 93

Means addition to.

Answer 93

Adjunct

Question 94

RICE

Answer 94

Rest, Ice, Compression and Elevation