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Medical Terminology 1 > Vocabulary (Chapter 4) > Flashcards

Vocabulary (Chapter 4) Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Movement of a limb away from the midline of the body.

A

Abduction

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2
Q

Movement of a limb toward the midline of the body.

A

Adduction

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3
Q

A band of fibrous tissue that holds the structures together abnormally.

A

Adhesion

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4
Q

The lack of muscle coordination during the voluntary movement.

A

Ataxia

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5
Q

Lacking normal muscle tone or strength.

A

Atonic

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6
Q

Weakness or wearing away of body tissues and structures caused by pathology or by disease of the muscle over a long period of time.

A

Atrophy

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7
Q

Extreme slowness in movement.

A

Bradykinesia

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8
Q

Inflammation and swelling of the tendons that pass through the carpal tunnel, which then creates pressure on the median nerve.

A

Carpal tunnel syndrome

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9
Q

A debilitating and complex disorder characterized by profound fatigue that is not improved by bed rest and may be made worse by physical or mental activity.

A

Chronic fatigue syndrome

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10
Q

The circular movement at the far end of a limb.

A

Circumduction

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11
Q

The permanent tightening of fascia, muscles, tendons, ligaments or skin that occurs when normally elastic connective tissue are replaced with non-elastic fibrous tissues.

A

Contracture

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12
Q

Movement that bends the foot upward at the ankle and narrows the angles between the top of the foot and the front of the leg.

A

Dorsiflexion

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13
Q

Distortion or impairment of voluntary movement in which the movements appear purposeful but are not under voluntary control, as in tics or spasms.

A

Dyskinesia

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14
Q

A condition of abnormal muscle tone that causes the impairment of voluntary muscle movement.

A

Dystonia

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15
Q

A diagnostic procedure that measures the electrical activity within muscle fibers in response to nerve stimulation.

A

Electromyography

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16
Q

Inflammation of the tissues surrounding the elbow.

A

Epicondylitis

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17
Q

The study of human factors that affect the design and operation of tools and the work environment.

A

Ergonomics

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18
Q

A specialist who works under a physician’s supervision to develop, implement and coordinate exercise programs and administer medical tests to promote physical fitness.

A

Exercise physiologist

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19
Q

Inflammation of a fascia.

A

Fasciitis (or fascitis)

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20
Q

A debilitating chronic condition characterized by fatigue; diffuse and /or specific muscle, joint, or bone pain; and a wide range of other symptoms.

A

Fibromyalgia syndrome

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21
Q

A harmless fluid-filled swelling that occurs most commonly on the outer surface of the wrist.

A

Ganglion cyst

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22
Q

A calcium deposit that is in the plantar fascia near its attachment to the calcaneus (heel) bone and can be one of the causes of plantar fasciitis.

A

Heel spur

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23
Q

Slight paralysis or weakness affecting the one side of the body.

A

Hemiparesis

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24
Q

Total paralysis affecting only one side of the body.

A

Hemiplegia

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25
Q

The protrusion or a part of a structure through the tissues normally containing it.

A

Hernia

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26
Q

Abnormally increased motor function or activity; also known as hyperactivity.

A

Hyperkinesia

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27
Q

A condition of diminished tone of the skeletal muscles.

A

Hypotonia

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28
Q

Inflamed and swollen tendons are caught in the narrow space between the bones within the shoulder joint.

A

Impingement syndrome

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29
Q

The point where the muscle ends by attaching to a bone or tendon.

A

Insertion

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30
Q

Pain in the leg muscles that occurs during exercise and is relieved by rest.

A

Intermittent Claudication

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31
Q

A group of more than 30 genetic diseases that are characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of the skeletal muscles that control movement, without affecting the nervous system.

A

Muscular dystrophy

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32
Q

A chronic autoimmune disease that affects the neuromuscular junction (where the neuron activates the muscles to contract) and produces serious weakness of voluntary muscles.

A

Myasthenia gravis

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33
Q

The herniation (protrusion) of muscle substance through a tear in the fascia surrounding it.

A

Myocele

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34
Q

The sudden, involuntary jerking of a muscle or group of muscles.

A

Myoclonus

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35
Q

A specialized soft-tissue manipulation technique used to ease the pain of conditions such as fibromyalgia syndrome, myofascial pain syndrome, movement restrictions, temporomandibular joint disorders, and carpel tunnel syndrome.

A

Myofascial release

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36
Q

The degeneration of muscle tissue.

A

Myolysis

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37
Q

Weakness or slight muscular paralysis.

A

Myoparesis

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38
Q

Surgical suturing of a muscle.

A

Myorrhaphy

39
Q

Pertaining to the relationship between a nerve and muscle.

A

Neuromuscular

40
Q

Jerking of the limbs that can occur normally as a person is falling asleep.

A

Nocturnal myoclonus

41
Q

Slanted or at an angle.

A

Oblique

42
Q

The loss of sensation and voluntary muscle movements in a muscle through disease or injury to its nerve supply.

A

Paralysis

43
Q

Paralysis of both legs and the lower part of the body.

A

Paraplegia

44
Q

A physician who specializes in physical medicine and rehabilitation with the focus on restoring function.

A

Physiatrist

45
Q

Inflammation of the plantar fascia on the sole of the foot, causing foot or heel pain when walking or running.

A

Plantar fasciitis

46
Q

A muscle disease characterized by the simultaneous inflammation and weakening of voluntary muscles in many parts of the body.

A

Polymyositis

47
Q

The act of rotating the arm or the leg so the palm of the hand or the sole of the foot is turned downward or backward.

A

Pronation

48
Q

Paralysis of all four extremities.

A

Quadriplegia

49
Q

A diagnostic procedure to evaluate joint mobility and muscle strength.

A

Range of motion testing

50
Q

The loss of muscle mass, strength and function that come with aging.

A

Sarcopenia

51
Q

A painful condition caused by the tibialis anterior muscle tearing away form the tibia (shin bone).

A

Shin splint

52
Q

Myoclonus of the diaphragm that causes the characteristic hiccup sound with each spasm; also known as hiccups.

A

Singultus

53
Q

A stiff neck due to spasmodic contraction of the neck muscles that pull the head toward the affected side; also known as wryneck.

A

Spasmodic torticollis

54
Q

A ringlike muscle that tightly constricts the opening of a passageway.

A

Sphincter

55
Q

An injury to a joint, such as ankle, knee or wrist, that usually involves a stretched or torn ligament.

A

Sprain

56
Q

The suturing of the end of a tendon to bone.

A

Tenodesis

57
Q

An inflammation of the sheath surrounding a tendon.

A

Tenosynovitis

58
Q

The release of a tendon from adhesions.

A

Tenolysis

59
Q

Surgical suturing together of the divided ends of a tendon.

A

Tenorrhaphy

60
Q

In a crosswise fashion or direction.

A

Transverse

61
Q

Stimulation of a muscle by an impulse transmitted by a motor nerve.

A

Muscle innervation

62
Q

Decreasing the angle between two bones by bending a limb at a joint.

A

Flexion

63
Q

Increasing the angle between two bones or the straightening out of a limb.

A

Extension

64
Q

The act of raising or lifting a body part.

A

Elevation

65
Q

A muscle that raises a body part.

A

Levator

66
Q

The act of lowering a body part.

A

Depression

67
Q

A muscle that lowers a body part.

A

Depressor

68
Q

A circular movement around an axis such as a shoulder joint. Turns bone on its own axis.

A

Rotation

69
Q

Act of rotating the arm or the leg so that the palm of the hand or the sole of the foot is turned forward or upward.

A

Supination

70
Q

The movement that bends the foot downward at the ankle.

A

Plantar flexion

71
Q

Sole of the foot.

A

Plantar

72
Q

Where muscle begin, and is located nearest the midline of the body or on a less movable part of the skeleton.

A

Origin

73
Q

Relating to the chest.

A

Pectoral

74
Q

Means toward the side of the body.

A

Lateralis

75
Q

Means toward the midline of the body.

A

Medialis

76
Q

Straight alignment with the vertical axis of the body.

A

Rectus

77
Q

Great or large.

A

Maximus

78
Q

Condition causing weakness.

A

Debilitating

79
Q

A physician who specializes in treating the causes of paralysis and similar muscular disorders in which there is a loss of function.

A

Neurologist

80
Q

Restoration, following disease, illness or injury of the ability to function in a normal or near-normal manner.

A

Rehabilitation

81
Q

Specializes in treating sports-related injuries of the bones, joints and muscles.

A

Sports medicine physician

82
Q

Relating to spasm.

A

Spasmodic

83
Q

Means a contraction or shortening of the muscles of the neck.

A

Torticollis

84
Q

Grave or serious.

A

Gravis

85
Q

Tender areas that most commonly develop where the fascia comes into contact with a muscle.

A

Trigger points

86
Q

Pain that originates in one area of the body, but is felt in another.

A

Referred pain

87
Q

Pertaining to the wrist.

A

Carpal

88
Q

Refers to the round prominence at the end of a bone. (ie. elbow)

A

Condyle

89
Q

Tennis elbow

A

Lateral epicondylitis

90
Q

golfer’s elbow

A

Medial epicondylitis

91
Q

Front and side of the body.

A

Anterolateral

92
Q

Back and middle of the body.

A

Posterodmedial

93
Q

Means addition to.

A

Adjunct

94
Q

RICE

A

Rest, Ice, Compression and Elevation

Medical Terminology 1 (19 decks)

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