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Medical Terminology 1 > Vocabulary (Chapter 5) > Flashcards

Vocabulary (Chapter 5) Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Blocks the action of the enzyme that causes the blood vessels to contract, resulting in hypertension.

A

ACE inhibitor

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2
Q

A lower than normal number of erythrocytes (red blood cells) in the blood.

A

anemia

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3
Q

A localized weak spot or balloon-like enlargement of the wall of an artery.

A

aneurysm

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4
Q

A condition of episodes of severe chest pain due to inadequate blood flow to the myocardium.

A

angina

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5
Q

The technique of mechanically widening a narrowed or obstructed blood vessel.

A

angioplasty

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6
Q

Medication that slows blood coagulation and prevents new clots from forming.

A

anticoagulant

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7
Q

A condition characterized by the absence of all formed blood elements caused by the failure of blood cell production in the bone marrow.

A

aplastic anemia

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8
Q

The loss of the normal rhythm of the heartbeat.

A

arrhythmia

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9
Q

Surgical removal of plaque buildup from the interior lining of an artery.

A

atherectomy

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10
Q

A deposit of plaque on or within the arterial wall.

A

atheroma

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11
Q

Hardening and narrowing of the arteries due to a buildup of cholesterol plaque on the interior walls of the arteries.

A

atherosclerosis

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12
Q

When the normal rhythmic contraction of the atria are replaced by rapid, irregular twitching of the muscular heart wall.

A

atrial fibrillation

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13
Q

Electronic equipment that automatically samples the heart’s electrical rhythms and when necessary, externally shocks the heart to restore a normal cardiac rhythm.

A

automated external defibrillator

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14
Q

A medication that reduces the workload of the heart by slowing the rate of the heartbeat.

A

beta-blocker

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15
Q

Any pathologic condition of the cellular elements of the blood.

A

blood dyscrasia

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16
Q

An abnormally slow resting heart rate, usually applied to a heartbeat rate of less than 60 beats per minute.

A

bradycardia

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17
Q

An event in which the heart abruptly stops beating or develops an arrhythmia that prevents it from pumping blood effectively.

A

cardiac arrest

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18
Q

A diagnostic procedure in which a catheter is passed into a vein or an artery and is guided into the heart.

A

cardiac catheterization

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19
Q

The term used to describe all diseases of the heart muscle.

A

cardiomyopathy

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20
Q

Surgical removal of the lining of a portion of a clogged carotid artery leading to the brain.

A

carotid endarterectomy

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21
Q

A fatty substance that travels through the blood and is found in all parts of the body.

A

cholesterol

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22
Q

A condition in which venous circulation is inadequate due to partial vein blockage or leakage of venous valves.

A

chronic venous insufficiency

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23
Q

Damage to the heart muscle caused by a thrombus blocking a coronary artery.

A

coronary thrombosis

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24
Q

The use of electrical shock to restore the heart’s normal rhythm; also known as cardioversion.

A

defibrillation

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25
Q

Medication administered to stimulate the kidneys to increase the secretion of urine to rid the body of excess sodium and water.

A

diuretic

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26
Q

A record of the electrical activity of the myocardium.

A

electrocardiogram

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27
Q

The sudden blockage of a blood vessel by an embolus.

A

embolism

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28
Q

A foreign object, such as a blood clot, quantity of air or gas, or a bit of tissue or tumor, that is circulating in the blood.

A

embolus (plural, emboli)

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29
Q

Inflammation of the inner lining of the heart.

A

endocarditis

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30
Q

Mature red blood cells produced by the bone marrow.

A

erythrocytes

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31
Q

The oxygen carrying blood protein pigment of the erythrocytes.

A

hemoglobin

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32
Q

A condition of an inadequate number of circulating red blood cells due to premature destruction of these cells by the spleen.

A

hemolytic anemia

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33
Q

To stop or control bleeding.

A

hemostasis

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34
Q

A group of cardiac disabilities resulting from an insufficient supply of oxygenated blood to the heart.

A

ischemic heart disease

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35
Q

A type of cancer characterized by a progressive increase in the number of abnormal leukocytes (white blood cells) found in blood-forming tissues, other organs and in the circulating blood.

A

leukemia

36
Q

White blood cells that are involved in defending the body against infective organisms and foreign substances.

A

leukocytes

37
Q

A decrease in the number of disease-fighting white blood cells circulating in the blood.

A

leukopenia

38
Q

A blood disorder characterized by amenia in which red blood cells are larger than normal.

A

megaloblastic anemia

39
Q

A group of bone marrow disorders that are characterized by the insufficient production of one or more types of blood cells due to dysfunction of the bone marrow.

A

myelodysplastic syndrome

40
Q

The occlusion (blockage) of one or more coronary arteries caused by plaque buildup; commonly known as a heart attack or an MI.

A

myocardial infarction

41
Q

Low blood pressure that occurs upon standing up; also known as postural hypotension.

A

orthostatic hypotension

42
Q

The double walled membranous sac that encloses the heart.

A

pericardium

43
Q

A form of anemia caused by a lack of the protein that helps the body absorb vitamin B12, which is necessary for the formation of red blood cells.

A

pernicious anemia

44
Q

Inflammation of a vein or veins.

A

phlebitis

45
Q

A peripheral arterial occlusion disease in which intermittent attacks are triggered by cold or stress.

A

Raynaud’s disease

46
Q

A blood disorder associated with severe infections caused by the presence of bacteria in the blood.

A

septicemia (also known as bacteremia)

47
Q

A genetic disorder that causes abnormal hemoglobin, resulting in some red blood cells assuming an abnormal sickle shape that interferes with normal blood flow.

A

sickle cell anemia

48
Q

An abnormal fast heartbeat, usually at a rate of more than 100 beats per minute.

A

tachycardia

49
Q

A form of vasculitis that can cause headaches, visual impairment, jaw pain and other symptoms.

A

temporal arteritis

50
Q

A diagnostic test performed to evaluate how well blood flows through the coronary arteries of the heart muscle during exercise.

A

thallium stress test

51
Q

A condition on which there is an abnormally small number of platelets circulating in the blood.

A

thrombocytopenia

52
Q

Medication that dissolves or causes a thrombus to break up; also known as a clot-busting drug.

A

thrombolytic

53
Q

The abnormal condition of having a thrombus; plural, thromboses.

A

thrombosis

54
Q

The blocking of an artery by a thrombus.

A

thrombotic occlusion

55
Q

A blood clot attached to the interior wall of vein or an artery.

A

thrombus

56
Q

A serious and potentially fatal complication of a blood transfusion in which a severe immune response occurs because the patient’s blood and the donated blood do not match.

A

transfusion reaction

57
Q

Inflammation of a heart valve.

A

valvulitis

58
Q

Abnormally swollen veins, usually occurring in the superficial veins of the legs.

A

varicose veins

59
Q

The rapid, irregular and useless contractions of the ventricles.

A

ventricular fibrillation

60
Q

A very rapid heartbeat that begins within the ventricles.

A

ventricular tachycardia

61
Q

Relating to or contained in the veins.

A

Venous

62
Q

Contraction of the heart (active phase of contraction or pumping).
Pertaining to the contraction of the heart.

A

Systole

Systolic

63
Q

Relaxation of the heart (short resting period).

Pertaining to the relaxation of the heart.

A

Diastole

Diastolic

64
Q

A device that measures blood pressure.

A

Sphygmomanometer

65
Q

Hemoglobin - hemo=blood and globin=

A

Protein

66
Q

The process of destroying pathogens by surrounding and swallowing them.

A

Phagocytosis

67
Q

Episodes of severe chest pain due to inadequate blood flow to the myocardium.

A

Angina

68
Q

The opening within the arterial vessels through which the blood flows.

A

Lumen

69
Q

Pertaining to the disruption of the blood supply.

A

Ischemic

70
Q

A condition in which there is an insufficient supply of oxygen in the tissues due to restricted blood flow to a part of the body.

A

Ischemia (isch=means hold back and -emia=blood)

71
Q

Sudden insufficiency of blood.

Localized area of dead tissue caused by a lack of blood.

A

Infarction

Infarct

72
Q

Blockage -

Fluid buildup -

A

Occlusion

Congestion

73
Q

Expansion of a hollow structure.

A

Dilated

74
Q

The falling or dropping down of an organ or internal part.

A

Prolapse

75
Q

Pertaining to sudden occurrence.

A

Paroxysmal

76
Q

Inflammation of the arteries.

Under “veins” -

A

Angiitis or arteritis

Phlebitis

77
Q

The flow of blood through the vessels of an organ.

A

Perfusion

78
Q

A systemic bacterial infection in the bloodstream.

A

Sepsis

79
Q

Breaking down of red blood cells.

A

Hemolytic

80
Q

Relating to an upright or standing position.

A

Orthostatic

81
Q

The accuracy and consistency with which the patient follows the physicians instructions.

A

Compliance

82
Q

The process of clotting blood.

A

Coagulation

83
Q

Under the tongue -

Through the skin -

A

Sublingually

Transdermally

84
Q

A wall that separates two chambers (heart chambers such as atria and ventricles).

A

Septum
Interatrial septum - separates right & left atria.
Interventricular septum - separates right & left ventricles.

85
Q

Pertaining to the lungs.

A

Pulmonary

86
Q

meaning having three cusps (points)-
means half-moon
shaped like a bishop’s miter (hat)
meaning having two cusps (points)-

A

tricuspid
semilunar
mitral
bicuspid (all relating to heart valves)

87
Q

A condition in which there is insufficient supply of oxygen in the tissues due to restricted blood flow to a part of the body.

A

Ischemia

Medical Terminology 1 (19 decks)

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