Vocabulary Flashcards by Erin Harting

Define Barognosis

The ability to perceive the weight of different objects in the hand

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_ is the ability to identify a number or letter drawn on the skin/ palm of the hand without visual input.

GRAPHESTHEISA

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_ is the ability to identify direction and extent of movement of a joint or body part.

KINESTHESIA

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_ is the ability to identify the exact location of light touch on the body using a verbal response or gesturing.

LOCALIZATION

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Define stereogosis.

The ability to identify an object without sight, just by feel

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_ is the sensation of pain in response to a stimulus that would NOT usually produce pain.

ALLODYNIA

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Define causalgia.

Constant, relentless, burning here’s thesis and hyperalgesia that develops after a peripheral nerve injury

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Dyesthesia is defined as?

Distortion of any of the senses, especially the sense of touch

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_ is the inability to initiate movement. Commonly seen in?

AKINESIA is the inability to initiate movement

Commonly seen in PARKINSON’S PATIENTS

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_ is generalized weakness, typically secondary to a cerebellar pathology.

ASTHENIA

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_ is the inability to perform coordinated movements.

ATAXIA

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_ is a condition that prevents with involuntary movements combined with instability of posture. Peripheral movements occur without central stability.

ATHETOSIS

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Define bradykinesia.

Movement that is very slow

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_ are movements that are suddenly, random, and involuntary

CHOREA

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- _ is a form of resistance seen during ROM of a hypertonic joint where there is greatest resistance at the initiation of range that lessens with movement through the ROM.

CLASP-KNIFE RESPONSE

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Clonus is characteristic of an _ _ _ lesion. Define.

Is characteristic of an UPPER MOTOR NEURON lesion

Involuntary alternating spasmodic contraction of a muscle precipitated by a quick stretch reflex

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_ _ is a form of rigidity where resistance to movement has a phasic quality to it. Often seen in?

COGWHEEL RIGIDITY

Often seen in Parkinson’s patients

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Define dysdiadochokinesia

The inability to perform rapidly alternating movements

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_ is the inability to control the range of a movement and the force of muscle activity, resulting in ‘missing/ overshooting/ undershooting target’ and uncoordinated meandering movment.

DYSMETRIA

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_ is closely related to Athetosis, however there is larger axial muscle involvement rather than limb/ extremity movement.

DSYTONIA

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Define fasciculation.

Muscular twitch that is caused by ran dome discharge of LMN and it’s muscle fibers (suggest LMN disease however can be benign)

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_ is an involuntary and violent movement of a large body part.

HEMIBALLISM

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_ _ _ is a form of rigidity where there is uniform and consistent resistance to ROM. Often associated with lesions of the?

LEAD PIPE RIGIDITY

Often associated with lesions of the basal ganglia

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_ is an involuntary rhythmic, oscillatory movement secondary to a basal ganglia lesion. There are various classifications secondary to specific etiology.

TREMOR

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_ _ _ _ is the first attempt of a comprehensive motor learnin theory with premise of sensory feedback as an ongoing process for the NS to compare current movement with stored information on memory of past movement. High emphasis on the concept of _.

ADAM'S CLOSED LOOP THEORY High emphasis on the concept of PRACTICE

_ _ _ is a motor learning theory created in response to the limitations of closed loop theory. It' main construct relied on open loop control processes and motor program concept. Promotes the clinical value of _ and the importance of _ with practice.

SCHMIDT'S SCHEMA THEORY Promotes the clinical value of FEEDBACK and the importance of VARIATION with practice.

_ is the inability to read or comprehend written language secondary to a lesion within the dominant lobe of the brain.

ALEXIA

_ is the inability to communicate or comprehend due to damage in specific areas of the brain.

APHASIA

_ apraxia is the inability to reproduce geometric figures and signs. Person is often unable to visually analyze how to?

CONSTRUCTIONAL APRAXIA Person is often unable to visually analyze how to PERFORM A TASK

_ rigidity is characteristic of a corticospinal lesion at the level of the brainstem that results in extension of the trunk and all extremities.

DECEBERATE RIGIDITY

_ rigidity is characteristic of a corticospinal lesion at the level of the diencephalon where the trunk and lower extremities are positioned in extension and the upper extremities are positioned in flexion.

DECORTICATE RIGIDITY

_ is slurred and impaired speech due to a motor deficit of the tongue or other muscles essential for speech

DYSARTHRIA

Dysprosody is an impairment in the _ and _ of speech.

Dysprosody is an impairment in the RHYTHM and INFLECTION of speech

_ _ is characteristic of receptive aphasia where speech produces functional output regarding articulation by lacks content and is typically dysprosodic using nonsensical jargon

FLUENT APHASIA

_-_ _ is characteristic of expressive aphasia where speech is non-function, effort full and contains paraphasias. Writing is also impaired.

NON-FLUENT APHASIA

_ is defined as substitution within a word that is so sever the it makes the word unrecognizable.

NEOLOGISM

A _ _ _ is a term used to describe injuries that occur below the L1 level of the spine. It is considered to be a _ _ neuron injury.

A CAUDA EQUINA INJURY is a term . . . It is considered to be a LOWER MOTOR neuron injury

A _ is a surgical procedure that severs certain facts within the spinal cord in order to decrease spasticity and improve function.

MYELOTOMY is a surgical procedure . . .

_ is the surgical removal of a segment of a nerve in order to decrease spasticity and improve function.

NEURECTOMY

A _ _ bladder, is the term for a flaccid bladder as a result of a cauda equina injury or conus medullaris lesion. What reflex arc becomes damaged?

A NEUROGENIC NONREFLEXIVE BLADDER . . . The SACRAL REFLEX arc is damaged.

A _ _ bladder is the term for a bladder that empties reflexively for a patient with an injury above T12. The sacral reflex arc?

A NERUOGENIC REFLEXIVE bladder is a term. . . . The sacral reflex arc REMAINS INTACT

Define neurologic level. Muscle grades must be at least _/_ or _ strength to be considered intact.

It is the lowest/ most caudal segment of the spinal cord with intact motor strength, and sensation. Muscle groups must be at least 3/5 or FAIR strength to be considered intact.

_ _ is a form of abnormal breathing that is common in tetraplegia where the abdomen rises and the chest is pulled inward during inspiration. On expiration?

PARADOXICAL BREATHING is a form of . . . On expiration- THE ABDOMEN FALLS AND THE CHEST EXPANDS

A _ is a surgical resection of the sensory component of a spinal nerve I order to decrease spasticity and improve function.

A RHIZOTOMY is a surgical resection . . .

_ _ is an incomplete lesion where some of the innermost tracts remain innervated. Characteristics include sensation of the saddle area, movement of the toe flexors and rectal sphincter contraction.

SACRAL SPARING

_ _ is a physiologic response that occurs between 30-60 minutes after trauma to the spinal cord and last up to several weeks. Spinal shock presents with total _ _ and loss of all _ below the level of injury.

SPINAL SHOCK is a physiologic response that occurs. . . Spinal shock presents with total FLACCID PARALYSIS and loss of all REFLEXES below the level of the injury.

_ occurs in patients with tetraplegia that do not possess the motor control for grasp, they can utilize the tight finger flexors in combination with wrist extension to produce a form of grasp, allowing for more functional movement.

TENODESIS

_ is a surgical release of tendon in order to decrease spasticity and improve function.

TENOTOMY

_ _ is an automatic postural strategy that is used to lower the center of gravity during standing or ambulation in order to improve stability. Examples include: knee _, _ or _.

SUSPENSORY STRATEGY is an automatic . . . Examples include: knee FLEXION, SQUATTING, OR CROUCHING (like when surfing)

_ nystagmus is typically mild and does not change in severity over a person's lifetime. Not usually associated with other pathology.

CONGENITAL nystagmus is . . .

_ _ is caused by an imbalance of vestibular signals to the oculomotor neurons that causes a constant drift in one direction that is countered by a quick movement in the opposite direction. Typically occurs after an _ _ _ and will last approximately _ _.

SPONTANEOUS NYSTAGMUS is caused by . . . Typically occurs after an ACUTE VESTIBULAR LESION and will last approximately 24 HOURS

_ nystagmus occurs with peripheral vestibular lesion and is inhibited hen the patient fixes there vision on a central object

PERIPHERAL nystagmus occurs . . .

_ nystagmus occurs with a central lesion of the brainstem/ cerebellum and is NOT inhibited by visual fixation on an object

CENTRAL nystagmus . . .

_ nystagmus is induced by a changed in head position. The _ _ stimulate the nystagmus that typically lasts only a _ _.

POSITIONAL NYSTAGMUS is induced .. . The SEMICIRCULAR CANALS stimulate the nystagmus that typically lasts only a FEW SECONDS

_-_ nystagmus occurs when the eyes shift from a primary position to an alternate position, and is caused by the person's inability to maintain a stable gaze position. Typically indicative of _ _ and is associated with _ _ and _ _.

GAZE-EVOKED nystagmus occurs when . . . Typically indicative of CNS PATHOLOGY and is associated with MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS and BRAIN INJURY

With _ _ comprehension (reading/ auditory) is severely impaired; impaired naming, writing, and repetition skills; may involuntarily verbalized but usually without correct context. May use _ _ for communication.

With GLOBAL APHASIA comprehension is . . . May use NONVERBAL SKILLS for communication

With _ _ patient will have severe impairment with speech repetition; fluency is intact, with good comprehension; speech is interrupted by difficulty finding words; reading is intact but writing is impaired.

With CONDUCTION aphasia

An _ _ is an involuntary and automatic response of a body part as a result of an intentional active or resistive movement of another body part.

An ASSOCIATED REACTION is an involuntary . . .

_ _ is a flexion pattern of the involved upper extremity facilitates flexion of the involved lower extremity.

HOMOLATERAL SYNKINESIS

_ _ is where an involved LE will abduct or adduct with applied resistance to the uninvolved lower extremity in the same direction.

RAIMSTE'S PHENOMENON is where . . .

_ _ occurs when raising the involved UE above 100 degrees with elbow extended will produce extension and abduction of the fingers.

SOUQUES PHENOMENON occurs . . .

A brain injury is classified as an _ _ if there is direct penetration through the skull. Examples include _ _ wound, _ or _ object penetration, _ fragments or _ trauma.

A brain injury is classified an an OPEN INJURY if there . . . Examples include GUN SHOT wound, KNIFE OR SHARP object penetration, SKULL fragments or DIRECT trauma.

A _ lesion is a direct lesion of the brain under the point of impact. A _ lesion is an injury that results on the opposite side of the brain, due to a rebound effect of the brain after impact.

A COUP lesion is a direct . . . A CONTRECOUP lesion is an injury . .