Spinal Tracts and nerve root's Flashcards
Ascending tracts relay _ _ to the _ and _.
Ascending tracts relay SENSORY INFORMATION to the CEREBELLUM AND CEREBRUM
Which 3 ascending tracts are located dorsally in the spinal cord?
Fasciculus cuneatus
Fasciculus gracillis
Spinocerebellar
Which 2 ascending tracts are responsible for trunk and neck proprioception, two-point discrimination, graphethesia? Which one is also responsible for the UE? LE?
Fasciculus Cuneatus (upper extremities)
Fasciculus Gracillis (lower extremities)
The _ _ tract has dorsal and ventral fibers that send to the cerebellum.
The SPINOCEREBELLER TRACT
The _ fibers of the spinocerebellar tract are responsible for ipsilateral subconscious proprioception, tension in muscles, joint sense and posture of the trunk and LE’s.
The DORSAL fibers of the spinocerebellar . . .
The ventral fibers of the spinocerebellar tract, include some fibers that _ with subsequent _ at the level of the pons. They are responsible for Ipsilateral _ proprioception, tension in _, _ sense, and _ of the trunk, UE’s and _.
. . . Include some fibers that CROSS with subsequent RE-CROSSING at the level of the pons.
They are responsible for Ipsilateral SUBCONSCIOUS proprioception, tension in MUSCLES, JOINT sense, and POSTURE of the trunk UE’S and LE’S
Which sensory afferent tract ascends to the cerebellum and relays information form cutaneous and proprioceptive organs?
SPINO-OLIVARY TRACT
Which sensory afferent tract is an afferent pathway for the reticular formation that influences level of consciousness?
SPINORETICULAR
Which sensory afferent tract provides information for spino-visual reflexes and assists with movement of the eyes and head towards a stimulus?
SPINOTECTAL TRACT
What sensory afferent tract has two tracts of fibers that run anteriorly and laterally? Which one is responsible for light touch and pressure? Which on provides pain and temperature sensation?
SPINOTHALAMIC TRACT
-Anterior: light touch and pressure
-Lateral: pain and temperature sensation
The _ _ of the spinal cord are involved with voluntary motor function, muscle tone, reflexes, equilibrium, visceral intervention, and modulation of ascending sensory signals.
The DESCENDING TRACTS of the spinal . . .
Which descending tract is the largest, and originates in the cerebral cortex? Name the 2 pathways.
CORTICOSPINAL TRACT
-lateral and anterior pathways
Which branch of the corticospinal tract is responsible for Ipsilateral voluntary, discrete and skilled movements? Which on is responsible for contralateral voluntary fine movements?
Anterior- IPSILATERAL
-voluntary, discrete and skilled movements
Lateral- CONTRALATERAL
-voluntary fine movements
Damage to the _ (_) tracts results in a positive babinski sign, absent superficial abdominal and cremasteric reflexes, and loss of fine motor or skilled voluntary movement.
Damage to the CORTICOSPINAL (PYRAMIDAL) tracts results in . . .
The _ tract is a Extrapyramidal motor tract that is responsible for facilitation or inhibition of voluntary and reflex activity through the influence of alpha and gamma motor neurons.
RECTICULOSPINAL TRACT
The _ tract is an Extrapyramidal motor tract that provides motor input of gross postural tone, facilitating activity of flexor muscles, and inhibiting activity of extensor muscles.
RUBROSPINAL TRACT
The _ tract is an Extrapyramidal tract that is responsible for contralateral postural muscle tone associated with auditory/ visual stimuli
The TECTOSPINAL tract
The _ tract is an Extrapyramidal tract that is responsible for Ipsilateral gross postural adjustments subsequent to head movements, facilitating activity of the extensor muscles and inhibiting activity of the flexor muscles.
The VESTIBULOSPINAL TRACT
Which of the descending motor tracts is responsible for facilitating activity of the flexor muscles and inhibiting extensor muscle activation? Which on does the opposite- facilitates activity of extensor muscles and inhibits flexor muscle activation?
RUBROSPINAL
-activates flexors, inhibits extensors
VESTIBULOSPINAL
-activates extensors, and inhibits flexors
Which motor tracts do NOT cross/ provide contralateral innervation?
CORTICOSPINAL TRACT (lateral pathway) -fine voluntary movement
TECTOSPINAL TRACT
-postural muscle tone associated with auditory/ visual stimuli
Damage to the _ _ results in significant paralysis, hypertonicity, exaggerated deep tendon reflexes, and clasp-knife reaction.
Damage to the EXTRAPYRAMIDAL TRACTS results in . . .
The _ _ _ (_) contains nerves ha originate within the brain and spinal cord and end peripherally.
The PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (PNS)
Most peripheral nerves contain () and _ (_) components. Where does each component originate in the spinal cord?
Most peripheral nerves contain MOTOR (EFFERENT) AND SENSORY (AFFERENT) components
Motor nerves- originate in the ANTERIOR HORN OF SPINAL CORD
Sensory nerves- originate in the DORSAL ROOT GANGLIA
The _ _ of the ANS originate in the lateral horn of the thoracic spinal cord. The _ _ of the ANS originate in the lateral gray matter of the sacral level of the spinal cord and from the brain itself.
The SYMPATHETIC NERVES of the ANS
-lateral horn of the spinal cord
The PARASYMPATHETIC NERVES of the ANS
-lateral gray matter of the sacral level, and the brain
How are peripheral nerves classified?
By axon diameter or speed of conduction
The _ of _ are brief gaps in myelination of an axon. They serve to facilitate _ _ of a _ _ via jumping from gap node to gap node.
The NODES OF RANVIER are brief gaps in . . .
They serve to facilitate RAPID CONDUCTION of NERVE IMPULSE via . . .
_ _ is an action potential moving along an axon in a jump in fashion from node to node. It decreases the use of _ _ _ and increases the _ of _.
SALTATORY CONDUCTION is an action . . .
It decreases the use of SODIUM POTASSIUM PUMPS and increase the SPEED OF CONDUCTION
_ _ cover the nerve fibers within the peripheral nervous system and form the myelin sheath.
SCHWANN CELLS
What classification of nerve is characterized by large fibers, myelination, and high conduction rate? Name the 4 subsets.
A FIBERS
4 subsets:
-alpha, beta, gamma, delta
Which subset of type A nerve fibers innervates alpha motor neurons, muscle spindle primary endings, Golgi tendon organs and touch receptors.
ALPHA
Which subset (type A fibers) innervates touch receptors, Kinesthesia, muscle spindle secondary fibers?
Beta
_ fibers provide innervation for touch, pressure, and gamma motor neurons.
GAMMA fibers provide innervation for
Delta fibers are associated with _, _, _ and _.
PAIN, TOUCH, PRESSURE and TEMPERATURE
What are the 3 sensory components of the type A PNS nerve fibers?
MUSCLE SPINDLE (PRIMARY AND SECONDARY AFFERENT ENDINGS)
GOLGI TENDON ORGAN
Which muscle spindle ending responds to low-threshold stretch? Responds to changes in muscle length?
PRIMARY AFFERENT ENDINGS
-low-threshold stretch
SECONDARY AFFERENT ENDINGS
-changes in muscle length
The _ _ _ responds to tension/ stretch of a tendon.
The GOLGI TENDON ORGAN responds to . . .
_ _ are medium sized nerve fibers that are myelinated, have a reasonable fast conduction rate, and include the pre-ganglion if fibers of the ANS.
B FIBERS are medium . . .
_ _ are small fibers that are either poorly myelinated or unmyelinated, they have a slower conduction rate, and include post-ganglionic fibers of the sympathetic system, and exteroreceptors for pain, temperature and touch.
C FIBERS are small fibers . . .
The _ nerve root’s dermatome covers the vertex of the skull, is not associated with any muscle innervation or reflexes.
The C1 nerve root’s . . .
The C2 nerve root’s dermatome covers the _, _ and _. Name the 3 muscles that are innervated at the C2 level?
Dermatome covers the FOREHEAD, OCCIPUT, AND TEMPLE
3 muscles:
-LONGUS COLLI, SCM, RECTUS CAPITUS
Which nerve root’s dermatome covers the entire neck, posterior cheek, temporal area, prolongation forward under the mandible? Damage will cause muscle weakness in the _ and Splenius _. Will result in parathesias of the _ and _ of _.
C3
Damage will cause muscle weakness in the TRAPEZIUS and Splenius CAPITIS
Will result in parathesias of the CHEEK and SIDE OF NECK
The _ nerve root’s dermatome covers the shoulder and clavicular areas, and upper scapular area? _ and _ _ muscles will be weak if damaged.
C4 NERVE ROOT
TRAPEZIUS and LEVATOR SCAPULAE muscles will . . .
C5 nerve root’s dermatome covers the _ area, the anterior aspect of the _ _ to the base of _ _.
Dermatome covers the DELTOID area, the anterior aspect of the ENTIRE ARM to the base of THE THUMB
What 4 muscles will be weak if the C5 nerve root is damaged? What 2 reflexes will be affected?
4 MUSCLES
-supraspinatus, infraspinatus, deltoid, biceps
2 REFLEXES
-biceps and brachioradialis
The _ nerve root’s dermatome covers the anterior arm, radial side of hand to thumb and the index finger? If damaged what area will develop parathesia?
The C6 NERVE ROOT . . .
Parathesia:
-thumb and index finger
The C7 nerve root’s dermatome covers the lateral arm and forearm to _, _ and _ fingers.
To INDEX, LONG, and RING fingers (middle 3)
Which nerve root if damaged will cause weakness in the triceps and wrist flexors (wrist extensors rarely but sometimes affected)?
C7
Which nerve root if damaged will weaken the biceps, supinator and wrist extensor muscles? Will also affect which 2 reflexes?
C6
Biceps and brachioradialis reflexes
Which nerve root if damaged will affect the tricep reflex?
C7
The _ nerve root covers the medial arm and forearm to the long, ring, and little fingers. Will have weakness in the _ deviators, _ extensors, and thumb _ (rarely _) muscles.
The C8 nerve root . . .
Will have weakness in the ULNAR deviators, THUMB extensors, and thumb ABDUCTORS (rarely TRICEPS) muscles.
