Vocabulary 6 Flashcards
Semantics
Semantics is the study of meaning in language. We know that language is used to express meanings which can be
understood by others. But meanings exist in our minds and we can express what is in our minds through the spoken and
written forms of language (as well as through gestures, action etc.).
Lexicon
the vocabulary of a person, language, or branch of knowledge
pragmatics
a branch of semiotics that deals with the relation between signs or linguistic expressions and their users
morphology
the study of the forms of words.
Metonymy
the substitution of the name of an attribute or adjunct for that of the thing meant, for example suit for business executive, or the track for horse racing.
synecdoche
a figure of speech in which a part is made to represent the whole or vice versa, as in Cleveland won by six runs (meaning “Cleveland’s baseball team”).
Connotation/denotation
the literal or primary meaning of a word, in contrast to the feelings or ideas that the word suggests
lexical semantics
Study of word meaning
synonymy
A synonym is a word, morpheme, or phrase that means exactly or nearly the same as another word, morpheme, or phrase in a given language.
hyponymy
a word of more specific meaning than a general or superordinate term applicable to it. For example, spoon is a hyponym of cutlery.
antonymy
is a word that has the opposite meaning of another word
incompatibility
the condition of two things being so different in nature as to be incapable of coexisting
homonymy
ch of two or more words having the same spelling or pronunciation but different meanings and origins. For example, pole and pole, Compare with homograph, homophone.
polysemy
the coexistence of many possible meanings for a word or phrase.
Compositional Semantics
Compositional Semantics The general theory in compositional semantics: The meaning of a phrase is determined by combining the meanings of its subphrases, using rules which are driven by the syntactic structure.
anaphora
repetition of a word or expression at the beginning of successive phrases, clauses, sentences, or verses especially for rhetorical or poetic effect
deixis
In linguistics, deixis is the use of general words and phrases to refer to a specific time, place, or person in context, e.g., the words tomorrow, there, and they.
Sense
Sense is abstract conceptual content, essentially the dictionary definition and perhaps also involving aspects like what features the described concept has and how it is related to the meaning of other expressions such as synonymy, as opposed to reference, which is the concrete objects in the outside world comprised by the expression.
Reference
is the use of a word or phrase to designate a specific entity or concept, rather than using it to express a general idea.
possible worlds semantics
Possible worlds semantics is a general approach to theories of meaning, on which meanings (or, more precisely, semantic values) are assigned to sentences in terms of the truth-values they take across all possible worlds.
semantic
relating to meaning in language or logic.
syntax
the arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences in a language
Principle of Compositionality
In semantics, mathematical logic and related disciplines, the principle of compositionality is the principle that the meaning of a complex expression is determined by the meanings of its constituent expressions and the rules used to combine them.
Semantic features
In linguistics, semantic features are those linguistic units that contribute to the meaning of an utterance.
Semantic roles
labels for the meaning properties or the parts that participants play in a state of affairs or a situation, in relation to a predicate. They are a concept that combines semantics and grammar, and that provides a level of abstraction for the statement of linguistic generalizations
lexical relation
used to indicate any paradigmatic relation among words. It is not just a semantic relation; so, it includes phonetic relations such as rhyme and alliteration, morphological relations such as inflectional variations, and morpho-syntactic relations such as co-membership in a grammatical category.
Detonative meaning
the logical meaning, which indicates the essential qualities of a concept which distinguish it
from other concepts
Connotative meaning
The additional or associated meaning, which is attached to the denotative, conceptual
meaning. It consists of associations made with a concept whenever that concept is referred to
social meaning
It is the meaning that a word possesses by virtue of its use in particular social situations and
circumstances
hematic meaning
It lies in the manner in which a message is organized for emphasis
