ENG 211 vocabulary Flashcards
linguistic competence
In linguistics, linguistic competence is the system of unconscious knowledge that one knows when they know a language.
linguistic performance
a speaker’s actual use of language in real situations; what the speaker actually says, including grammatical errors and other non-linguistic features such as hesitations and other disfluencies.
performance error
Errors in speech production and perception are also called performance errors.
speech communication chain
The Speech Chain * The Speech Chain comprises the processes of: * speech production, * auditory feedback to the speaker, * speech transmission (through air or over an electronic communication system (to the listener), and * speech perception and understanding by the listener.
speech communication chain steps
Step 1: Understand Your Assignment
Step 2: Select and focus your topic. Begin preliminary research
Step 3: Get Organized
Step 4: Draft any visuals. Gather additional research.
Step 5: Compose Your Talking Points
Step 6: Plan the Timing of Your Speech.
Step 7: Rehearse Your Speech for Content and Timing.
Step 8: Rehearse Your Speech in Front of an Audience.
Step 9: Continue Revising and Prepare for Anticipated Questions
Step 10: Final Preparations
noise
a sound, especially one that is loud or unpleasant or that causes disturbance:
lexicon
a book containing an alphabetical arrangement of the words in a language and their definitions
mental grammar
the system that all speakers of a language have in their minds, which allows them to understand each other.
language variation
In sociolinguistics, language variety—also called lect—is a general term for any distinctive form of a language or linguistic expression.
descriptive grammar
objective, nonjudgmental description of the grammatical constructions in a language. It’s an examination of how a language is actually being used, in writing and in speech.
evidence that writing and language are not the same (list 4 reasons)
- Language the principal method of human communication, consisting of words used in a structured and conventional way and conveyed by speech, writing, or gesture
- the activity or skill of marking coherent words on paper and composing text
- language can be said it is a way to speak and talk of something
- writing is the composition of text thought the paper.
reasons some people believe writing to be superior to speech (list 3 reasons)
- Writing is an easy way to express something
- writing is easy way to write ideas like poems experiences and others
3.People like it more because you dont have to face or be in front of someone when expressing your self or say an idea or experience
reasons some people believe writing to be superior to speech (list 3 reasons)
- Writing is an easy way to express something
- writing is easy way to write ideas like poems experiences and others
3.People like it more because you dont have to face or be in front of someone when expressing your self or say an idea or experience
Perspective Grammar
Prescriptive grammar is a philosophy or approach to grammar that concerns itself with the establishment of grammatical norms that can be used to define spoken or written language as either grammatically correct or grammatically incorrect.
prescribe
state authoritatively or as a rule that (an action or procedure) should be carried out
mode of communication
A mode is a means of communicating. A medium is a channel or system through which communications are conveyed. the modes of communication are Visual, Aural, Gestural, Spatial, and Linguistics
semanticity
the quality that a linguistic system has of being able to convey meanings, in particular by reference to the world of physical reality.semanticity
pragmatic function
‘Pragmatic function’ is is the meaning a speaker wishes to convey to the person they are speaking to (the addressee).
interchangeability
Interchangeability Refers to the idea that humans can give and receive identical linguistic signals; humans are not limited in the types of messages they can say/hear.
cultural transmission
In linguistics, cultural transmission is the process whereby a language is passed on from one generation to the next in a community. It is also known as cultural learning and socio/cultural transmission.
arbitrariness
the lack of relationship between a word’s meaning and its sound or form. That is, the sound or form of a word is not logically or naturally related to its meaning.
linguistic sign
any unit of language (morpheme, word, phrase, or sentence) used to designate objects or phenomena of reality. Linguistic signs are bilateral; they consist of a signifier, made up of speech sounds (more precisely, phonemes), and a signified, created by the linguistic sign’s sense content.
convention
Is a principle or norm that has been adopted by a person or linguistic community about how to use, and therefore what the meaning is of, a specific term. or it can also mean a way in which something is usually done, especially within a particular area or activity
non-arbitrariness
nonarbitrariness noun The quality of not being arbitrary.
iconic
relating to or of the nature of an icon:
Onomatopoeia
Onomatopoeia is a figure of speech in which words evoke the actual sound of the thing they refer to or describe.
conventionalized
A convention is a set of agreed, stipulated, or generally accepted standards, norms, social norms, or criteria, often taking the form of a custom. In a social context, a convention may retain the char…
It is defined to be the consent of two or more persons to form with each other an engagement, or to dissolve or change one which they had previously formed.
conventionalized
A convention is a set of agreed, stipulated, or generally accepted standards, norms, social norms, or criteria, often taking the form of a custom.
sound symbolism
In linguistics, sound symbolism is the resemblance between sound and meaning. It is a form of linguistic iconicity.
discreteness
individually separate and distinct:
displacement
In linguistics, displacement is the capability of language to communicate about things that are not immediately present; i.e., things that are either not here or are not here now.
productivity
the effectiveness of productive effort, especially in industry, as measured in terms of the rate of output per unit of input
modality
In linguistics and philosophy, modality refers to the ways language can express various relationships to reality or truth.
differences between codes and languages
- code is not language and language is not code
- codes are words used to say something hidden with its own meaning while language is straightforward and easy to understand
- codes can be many different ways of code numerical, machine code, and informatical while language is a language used for humans to communicate with different languages.
- Code can be also designated as a code of conduct or rules while language still the same as before a method of communication with the use of language.
signed languages
- if you don’t a speak-sing the language you can’t communicate with someone
- Sing language is not a language just a way for someone to communicate without the use of words =
- sing language is universal
- no one uses sing languaged.
