ENG 211 vocabulary

Question 1

linguistic competence

Answer 1

In linguistics, linguistic competence is the system of unconscious knowledge that one knows when they know a language.

Question 2

linguistic performance

Answer 2

a speaker’s actual use of language in real situations; what the speaker actually says, including grammatical errors and other non-linguistic features such as hesitations and other disfluencies.

Question 3

performance error

Answer 3

Errors in speech production and perception are also called performance errors.

Question 4

speech communication chain

Answer 4

The Speech Chain * The Speech Chain comprises the processes of: * speech production, * auditory feedback to the speaker, * speech transmission (through air or over an electronic communication system (to the listener), and * speech perception and understanding by the listener.

Question 5

speech communication chain steps

Answer 5

Step 1: Understand Your Assignment
Step 2: Select and focus your topic. Begin preliminary research
Step 3: Get Organized
Step 4: Draft any visuals. Gather additional research.
Step 5: Compose Your Talking Points
Step 6: Plan the Timing of Your Speech.
Step 7: Rehearse Your Speech for Content and Timing.
Step 8: Rehearse Your Speech in Front of an Audience.
Step 9: Continue Revising and Prepare for Anticipated Questions
Step 10: Final Preparations

Question 6

noise

Answer 6

a sound, especially one that is loud or unpleasant or that causes disturbance:

Question 7

lexicon

Answer 7

a book containing an alphabetical arrangement of the words in a language and their definitions

Question 8

mental grammar

Answer 8

the system that all speakers of a language have in their minds, which allows them to understand each other.

Question 9

language variation

Answer 9

In sociolinguistics, language variety—also called lect—is a general term for any distinctive form of a language or linguistic expression.

Question 10

descriptive grammar

Answer 10

objective, nonjudgmental description of the grammatical constructions in a language. It’s an examination of how a language is actually being used, in writing and in speech.

Question 11

evidence that writing and language are not the same (list 4 reasons)

Answer 11

1. Language the principal method of human communication, consisting of words used in a structured and conventional way and conveyed by speech, writing, or gesture
2. the activity or skill of marking coherent words on paper and composing text
3. language can be said it is a way to speak and talk of something
4. writing is the composition of text thought the paper.

Question 12

reasons some people believe writing to be superior to speech (list 3 reasons)

Answer 12

1. Writing is an easy way to express something
2. writing is easy way to write ideas like poems experiences and others
   3.People like it more because you dont have to face or be in front of someone when expressing your self or say an idea or experience

Question 13

reasons some people believe writing to be superior to speech (list 3 reasons)

Answer 13

1. Writing is an easy way to express something
2. writing is easy way to write ideas like poems experiences and others
   3.People like it more because you dont have to face or be in front of someone when expressing your self or say an idea or experience

Question 14

Perspective Grammar

Answer 14

Prescriptive grammar is a philosophy or approach to grammar that concerns itself with the establishment of grammatical norms that can be used to define spoken or written language as either grammatically correct or grammatically incorrect.

Question 15

prescribe

Answer 15

state authoritatively or as a rule that (an action or procedure) should be carried out

Question 16

mode of communication

Answer 16

A mode is a means of communicating. A medium is a channel or system through which communications are conveyed. the modes of communication are Visual, Aural, Gestural, Spatial, and Linguistics

Question 17

semanticity

Answer 17

the quality that a linguistic system has of being able to convey meanings, in particular by reference to the world of physical reality.semanticity

Question 18

pragmatic function

Answer 18

‘Pragmatic function’ is is the meaning a speaker wishes to convey to the person they are speaking to (the addressee).

Question 19

interchangeability

Answer 19

Interchangeability Refers to the idea that humans can give and receive identical linguistic signals; humans are not limited in the types of messages they can say/hear.

Question 20

cultural transmission

Answer 20

In linguistics, cultural transmission is the process whereby a language is passed on from one generation to the next in a community. It is also known as cultural learning and socio/cultural transmission.

Question 21

arbitrariness

Answer 21

the lack of relationship between a word’s meaning and its sound or form. That is, the sound or form of a word is not logically or naturally related to its meaning.

Question 22

linguistic sign

Answer 22

any unit of language (morpheme, word, phrase, or sentence) used to designate objects or phenomena of reality. Linguistic signs are bilateral; they consist of a signifier, made up of speech sounds (more precisely, phonemes), and a signified, created by the linguistic sign’s sense content.

Question 23

convention

Answer 23

Is a principle or norm that has been adopted by a person or linguistic community about how to use, and therefore what the meaning is of, a specific term. or it can also mean a way in which something is usually done, especially within a particular area or activity

Question 24

non-arbitrariness

Answer 24

nonarbitrariness noun The quality of not being arbitrary.

Question 25

iconic

Answer 25

relating to or of the nature of an icon:

Question 26

Onomatopoeia

Answer 26

Onomatopoeia is a figure of speech in which words evoke the actual sound of the thing they refer to or describe.

Question 27

conventionalized

Answer 27

A convention is a set of agreed, stipulated, or generally accepted standards, norms, social norms, or criteria, often taking the form of a custom. In a social context, a convention may retain the char… It is defined to be the consent of two or more persons to form with each other an engagement, or to dissolve or change one which they had previously formed.

Question 27

conventionalized

Answer 27

A convention is a set of agreed, stipulated, or generally accepted standards, norms, social norms, or criteria, often taking the form of a custom.

Question 28

sound symbolism

Answer 28

In linguistics, sound symbolism is the resemblance between sound and meaning. It is a form of linguistic iconicity.

Question 29

discreteness

Answer 29

individually separate and distinct:

Question 30

displacement

Answer 30

In linguistics, displacement is the capability of language to communicate about things that are not immediately present; i.e., things that are either not here or are not here now.

Question 31

productivity

Answer 31

the effectiveness of productive effort, especially in industry, as measured in terms of the rate of output per unit of input

Question 32

modality

Answer 32

In linguistics and philosophy, modality refers to the ways language can express various relationships to reality or truth.

Question 33

differences between codes and languages

Answer 33

1. code is not language and language is not code 2. codes are words used to say something hidden with its own meaning while language is straightforward and easy to understand 3. codes can be many different ways of code numerical, machine code, and informatical while language is a language used for humans to communicate with different languages. 4. Code can be also designated as a code of conduct or rules while language still the same as before a method of communication with the use of language.

Question 34

signed languages

Answer 34

1. if you don't a speak-sing the language you can't communicate with someone 2. Sing language is not a language just a way for someone to communicate without the use of words = 3. sing language is universal 4. no one uses sing languaged.