Vocabulary 3 Flashcards
rhotic
relating to or denoting a dialect or variety of English (e.g. in most of the US and southwestern England) in which r is pronounced before a consonant (as in hard) and at the ends of words (as in far)
constituents
constituent is a word or a group of words that functions as a single unit within a hierarchical structure.
syllabic consonants
is a consonant that forms a syllable on its own, like the m, n, and l in some pronunciations of the English words rhythm, button, and bottle. also is a consonant that replaces a vowel in a syllable.
coda
a sequence of phonemes that occurs at the end of a word.
vowel epenthesis
vowel epenthesis is to repair an input that does not meet a language’s structural requirements.
syllabification
a division of a word into syllables
Maximal Onset
Principle.
A phonological principle proposed by some writers determines the placement of syllable boundaries in cases of doubt.
sonority
how much acoustic energy a given speech sound has.
Sonority Sequencing
Principle
the nucleus has maximal sonority and that sonority decreases as you move away from the nucleus.
spectrogram
analyses a speechwave into its frequency components.
Phonology
Phonology is the branch of linguistics that studies how languages or dialects systematically organize their sounds or, for sign languages, their constituent parts of signs.
narrow transcription
Narrow transcription captures as many details as possible about the spoken words.
complementary distribution
complementary distribution, as opposed to comparative distribution and free variation, is a relationship between two different elements of the same kind, in which one element is in the same set of conditions, and the other element is in a non-overlapping (complementary) set of environments.
minimal pairs
words that sound the same but have different meanings when combined.
spectro-
gram
analyses a speech wave into its frequency components.
allophone
one of two or more variations of the sound of the same phoneme.
Phone
is a distinct speech sound.
Minimal pairs
pair of words that differ in only one phonological element and have distinct meanings.
The syllable
unit of sound that conveys meaning in the language it belongs to.
erroneous pronunciation
How to pronounce erroneous adjective in British English us / əˈroʊ.ni.əs/ How to pronounce erroneous adjective in American English
cognates
groups of words in different languages that come from the same word of origin.
Sonority scale
a hierarchical ranking of speech sounds (or phones).
free variation
free variation is the phenomenon of two (or more) sounds or forms appearing in the same environment without a change in meaning and without being considered incorrect by native speakers.
Alternations
the phenomenon of a morpheme exhibiting variation in its phonological realization.
