Vocabulary 1900CE-Present Flashcards
A 1919 protest in China against the Treaty of Versailles and foreign influence
May Fourth Movement
A 1943 meeting of leaders of the United States, Great Britain, and the Soviet Union in which it was agreed that the Soviet Union would be given control of eastern Europe and that Germany would be divided into zones of occupation
Potsdam Conference
A 1954 conference that divided Vietnam at the seventeenth parallel
Genova Conference
A 1975 political and human rights agreement signed in Helsinki, Finland, by Western European countries and the Soviet Union
Helsinki Accords
A Chinese movement from 1966 to 1976 intended to establish an egalitarian society of peasants and workers
Cultural revolution
A Common Market organized in 1958 which reduced tariffs among member nations and created a common tariff policy for other world nations
European Economic Community
A conflict from 1936 to 1939 that resulted in the installation of fascist dictator Francisco Franco as ruler of Spain; Franco’s forces were backed by Germany and Italy, whereas the Soviet Union supported the opposing Republican forces
Spanish Civil War
A form of Japanese theater developed in the seventeenth century that features colorful scenery and costumes and an exaggerated style of acting
Kabuki Theater
A government based on temporary alliances of several political parties
Coalition
A meeting of the leaders of the Soviet Union, Great Britain, and the United States in 1945; the Soviet Union agreed to enter the war against Japan in exchange for influence in the Eastern European states; it also made plans for the establishment of a new international organization
Yalta Conference
A metaphorical description of the divide between the Communist East and Democratic West in Europe
Iron Curtain
A nation in which the government plays an active role in providing services such as social security to its citizens
Welfare state
A political community consisting of the United Kingdom, it’s dependencies, and former colonies of Great Britain that are now sovereign nations; currently called the Commonwealth of Nations
British Commonwealth
A political movement that is characterized by extreme nationalism, one-party rule, and the denial of individual rights
Fascism
A program of economic aid for Latin America in exchange for a pledge to establish democratic institutions; part of United States’ President Kennedy’s international program
Alliance for progress
A Russian attempt to unite all Slavic nations into a commonwealth relationship under the influence of Russia
Pan-Slavic movement
A school of art in which persons and objects are represented by geometric forms
Cubism
Terrorist group based in Afghanistan in the late 20th and early 21st-centuries
Al-Qaeda
A traditional Muslim religious ruler
Ayatollah
A tsarist program that required non-Russians to speak only Russian and provided education only for those groups loyal to Russia
Russification
Type of colony in which the government is overseen by another nation, as seen in the Middle Eastern nations placed under European control after World War I
Mandate
A United States plan to support the recovery and reconstruction of western Europe after World War II
Marshall Plan
A vehicle sponsored by 16 nations that circles the earth while carrying out experiments
International Space Station
A wall, built by the east German communist government, to separate the Democratic western Berlin
Berlin Wall
And agency of the united nations that offers loans to countries to promote trade and economic development
World Bank
An economic system that attempts to strengthen our country is industrial power by restricting foreign imports
Import Substitution Industrialization
An international organization begun in 1995 to promote and organize world trade
World Trade Organization
An international organization founded in 1944 to promote market economies and free trade
International Monetary Fund
An organization designed to reduce trade barriers and promote economic unity in Europe; it was formed in 1993 to replace the European Community
European Union
An organization that prohibits tariffs and other trade barriers between Mexico, the United States, and Canada
NAFTA (North American Free Trade Organization)
China’s nationalist political party founded by Sun Yat-sen in 1912 and based on democratic principles; in 1925, the party was taken over by Jiang Jieshi, who made it into a more authoritarian party
Guomindang
Cold War policy of the United States whose purpose was to prevent the spread of communism
Containment
In 1935, the British law passed in India which increased suffrage and turned provincial governments over to Indian leaders
Government of India Act
In World War I, Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, the Ottoman Empire, and other nations who fought with them against the Allies
Central Powers
In World War I, the nations of great Britain, France, Russia, the United States, and others that father against the Central Powers; in World War II, the group of nations including Great Britain, France, the Soviet Union, and the United States, that fought against the Axis Powers
Allied Powers
International organization founded after World War I to promote peace and cooperation among nations
League of Nations
Occupations that provided a service rather than a manufactured or agricultural product
Service industries
Organization formed in 1960 by oil-producing countries to regulate oil supplies and prices
OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries)
Pertaining to preaching the Gospel (good news) or pertaining to theologically conservative Christians
Evangelical
Plans for industrial production first introduced to the Soviet Union in 1928 by Stalin; they succeeded in making the Soviet Union a major industrial powerhouse by the end of the 1930s
Five Year Plans
The policy of Great Britain and France of making concessions to Hitler in the 1930s
Appeasement
Russian peasants who became wealthy under Lenin’s New Economic Policy
Kulaks
South Africans who were descended from the Dutch who settled n South Africa in the seventeenth century
Afrikaners
Telescope able to peer deep into space
Hubble Space Telescope
The 1918 treaty ending World War I between Germany and the Soviet Union
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
The 1919 peace treaty between Germany and the Allied nations; it blamed the war on Germany and assessed heavy reparations and large territorial losses on the part of Germany
Treaty of Versailles
The 1985 policy of Mikhail Gorbachev that allowed openness of expression of ideas in the Soviet Union
Glasnost
The 1991 war between Iraq and a United States-led coalition to liberate Kuwait from an Iraqi invasion
Persian Gulf War
The blueprint of heredity
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
The classical Japanese drama with music and dances performed on a simple stage by elaborately dressed actors
No Theater
The Cold War policy of the Soviet Union and the United States of threatening to go to war at a sign of aggression on the part of either power
Brinkmanship
The combination of several small farms into a large government-controlled farm
Collectivization
The disastrous economic policy introduced by Mao Zedong that proposed the implementation of small-scale industrial projects on individual peasant communities
Great Leap Forward
The first man-made satellite launched by the Soviet Union
Sputnik
The German annexation of Austria prior to World WarII
Anschluss
The international organization founded in 1945 to establish peace and cooperation among nations
United Nations
The Nazi program during World War II that killed 6 million Jews and other groups considered undesirable
Holocaust
The payment of war debts by the losing side
Reparations
The severe economic downturn that began in the late 1920s and continued into the late 1930s throughout many regions of the world
Great depression
The South African policy of separation of the races
Apartheid
The spread of American culture and values around the world
McDonaldization
The standard currency introduced and adopted by the majority of the members of the European Union in January 2002
Euro
The systematic killing of an entire ethnic group
Genocide
The tense diplomatic relationship between the United States and the Soviet Union after World War II
Cold War
Trade in products designed to appeal to a global market
Mass consumerism
United States organization founded in 1969 to campaign for women’s rights
National Organization for Women
The United States President Roosevelt’s program to relieve the economic problems of the Great Depression; it increased government involvement in the society of the United States
New Deal
Unions of independent businesses in order to regulate production, prices, and the marketing of goods
Cartels
The war between Communist North Korea. aided by China, and Capitalist South Korea, aided by the United States
Korean Conflict
When in 1962, the Soviets constructed nuclear missiles in Cuba which brought days of tense confrontation between Khrushchev and US President Kennedy; Khrushchev ultimately backs down, and the missiles were removed
Cuban Missile Crisis
