Vocabulary 1750CE-1900CE Flashcards
A document modeled after the political philosophies of John Locke. It altered the natural rights identified John Locke to include “life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.”
Declaration of Independence
A late nineteenth-century movement in which the Chinese modernized their army and encouraged western investment in factories and railways
Self-Strengthening Movement
A literary and artistic movement in nineteenth-century Europe; emphasized emotion over reason
Romanticism
A long ponytail that Chinese men were forced to wear in order to distinguish them from Manchus
Queu
A manufacturing method in which the stages of the manufacturing process are carried out in private homes rather than a factory setting
Domestic System
A member of a Polynesian group that settled in New Zealand about 800CE
Maoris
A statement of political rights adopted by the French National Assembly during the French Revolution
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
A statement of the rights of women written by Olympe de Gouges in response to the Declaration of the Rights of Man
Declaration of the Rights of Women and of the Female
An economic system in which the state controls the means of production
Communism
An Enlightenment philosophy that favored civil rights, the protection of private property, and representative government
Liberalism
Bird droppings used as fertilizer; a major trade item of Peru in the late nineteenth century
Guano
Canal constructed by Egypt across the Isthmus of Suez in 1869
Suez Canal
Collection of laws that standardized French law under the rule of Napoleon Bonaparte
Napoleonic Code (Code Napoleon)
Conflict between the United States and Spain that began the rise of the United States as a world power
Spanish-American War
Control of a country’s economy by the businesses of another nation
Economic Imperialism
Democratic and nationalistic revolutions, most of them unsuccessful, that swept through Europe
Revolutions of 1848
Divisions of a country in which a particular foreign nation enjoys economic privileges
Spheres of influence
Extreme radicals during the French revolution
Jacobins
Idea which argued that time and space are relative to one another
Theory of Relativity
Idea, first proposed by Charles Darwin, that species survive due to favorable characteristics
Theory of Natural Selection
In France, the class of merchants and artisans who were members of the Third Estate and initiators of the French Revolution; in Marxist theory, a term referring to factory owners
Bourgeoisie
In Marxist theory, the class of workers in an industrial society
Proletariat
In nineteenth-century Europe, a movement that supported monarchies, aristocracies, and state-established churches
Conservatism
Land, labor, capital, and entrepreneurship which existed in Britain which allowed it to lead in the Industrial Revolution
Factors of production
A large industrial organization created in Japan during the industrialization of the late nineteenth century
Zaibatsu
Military draft
Conscription
Nineteenth-century reforms by Ottoman rulers designed to make government and military more efficient
Tanzimat Reforms
The policy issued by the United States in which it declared that the Western Hemisphere was off limits to colonization by other powers
Monroe Doctrine
The political party that became the leader of the Indian nationalist movement
Indian National Congress
Restored legitimate monarchs to the thrones of Europe and to create a balance of power
Congress of Vienna
Revolt against foreign residents of China
Boxer Rebellion
Revolt of Indian soldiers against the British; caused by a military practice in violation of the Muslim and Hindu faiths (1857)
Sepoy Rebellion
Rights that belong to every person and that no government may take away
Natural rights
Slaveholding Boers, who in 1834, left the Cape Colony and moved to the interior of Africa
Great Trek
Society founded in 1889 in the Ottoman Empire; its goal was to restore the constitution of 1876 and to reform the empire
Young Turks
South Africans of Dutch descent
Boers
South Asian soldiers who served in the British army in India
Sepoys
Strikes by urban workers and peasants in Russia; prompted by shortages of food and by Russia’s loss to Japan in 1905
Revolution of 1905
The ability to combine the factors of land, labor, and capital to create factory production
Entrepreneurship
The application of Darwin’s philosophy of natural selection to human society
Social Darwinism
The division of powers among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches of government
Separation of powers
The divisions of society in pre-revolution France
Estates
The establishment of colonial empires
Imperialism
The fencing of pasture land in England beginning prior to the Industrial Revolution
Enclosure Movement
The first ten amendments to the constitution of the United States
Bill of Rights
The Manchurian invaders who ruled China from 1644 to the 1900s
Qing Dynasty
The meeting of European imperialist powers to divide Africa among them
Berlin Conference
The money and equipment needed to engage in industrialization
Capital
The movement to achieve women’s rights
Feminism
The period of the most extreme violence during the French Revolution
Reign of Terror
The policy in the United States that led to its expansion from the Atlantic to the Pacific
Manifest Destiny
The restoration of the Meiji emperor in Japan in 1868 that began a program of industrialization and centralization of Japan following the end of the Tokugawa Shogunate
Meiji Restoration
The right of foreigners to live under the laws of their home country rather than those of the host country
Extraterritoriality
The Russian Parliament
Duma
The Sanskrit name for the British government in India
Raj
The temporary union of the northern portion of South America after the independence movements led by Simon Bolivar
Gran Columbia
The traditional legislative body of France
Estates-General
The transition between the domestic system of manufacturing and the mechanization of production in a factory setting
Industrial Revolution
Treaty ending the Opium War that ceded Hong Kong to the British in 1842
Treaty of Nanking
Violence against Jews in Tsarist Russia
Pogrom
The war between Great Britain and China began with the Qing dynasty’s refusal tallow continued opium importation into China; British victory resulted in the Treaty of Nanking (1839-1842)
Opium War
The war between Japan and China in 1895 over control over Korea
Sino-Japanese War
The war between Japan and Russia over Manchurian territory; resulted in the defeat of Russia by the Japanese Navy
Russo-Japanese War
The war between the British and the Dutch over Dutch independence in South Africa; resulted in British victory (1899-1902)
Boer War
Western European political philosophy during the nineteenth century; advocated democracy and reforms favoring lower classes
Radicalism
