Vocabulary 1750CE-1900CE

Question 1

A document modeled after the political philosophies of John Locke. It altered the natural rights identified John Locke to include “life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.”

Answer 1

Declaration of Independence

Question 2

A late nineteenth-century movement in which the Chinese modernized their army and encouraged western investment in factories and railways

Answer 2

Self-Strengthening Movement

Question 3

A literary and artistic movement in nineteenth-century Europe; emphasized emotion over reason

Answer 3

Romanticism

Question 4

A long ponytail that Chinese men were forced to wear in order to distinguish them from Manchus

Answer 4

Queu

Question 5

A manufacturing method in which the stages of the manufacturing process are carried out in private homes rather than a factory setting

Answer 5

Domestic System

Question 6

A member of a Polynesian group that settled in New Zealand about 800CE

Answer 6

Maoris

Question 7

A statement of political rights adopted by the French National Assembly during the French Revolution

Answer 7

Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen

Question 8

A statement of the rights of women written by Olympe de Gouges in response to the Declaration of the Rights of Man

Answer 8

Declaration of the Rights of Women and of the Female

Question 9

An economic system in which the state controls the means of production

Answer 9

Communism

Question 10

An Enlightenment philosophy that favored civil rights, the protection of private property, and representative government

Answer 10

Liberalism

Question 11

Bird droppings used as fertilizer; a major trade item of Peru in the late nineteenth century

Answer 11

Guano

Question 12

Canal constructed by Egypt across the Isthmus of Suez in 1869

Answer 12

Suez Canal

Question 13

Collection of laws that standardized French law under the rule of Napoleon Bonaparte

Answer 13

Napoleonic Code (Code Napoleon)

Question 14

Conflict between the United States and Spain that began the rise of the United States as a world power

Answer 14

Spanish-American War

Question 15

Control of a country’s economy by the businesses of another nation

Answer 15

Economic Imperialism

Question 16

Democratic and nationalistic revolutions, most of them unsuccessful, that swept through Europe

Answer 16

Revolutions of 1848

Question 17

Divisions of a country in which a particular foreign nation enjoys economic privileges

Answer 17

Spheres of influence

Question 18

Extreme radicals during the French revolution

Answer 18

Jacobins

Question 19

Idea which argued that time and space are relative to one another

Answer 19

Theory of Relativity

Question 20

Idea, first proposed by Charles Darwin, that species survive due to favorable characteristics

Answer 20

Theory of Natural Selection

Question 21

In France, the class of merchants and artisans who were members of the Third Estate and initiators of the French Revolution; in Marxist theory, a term referring to factory owners

Answer 21

Bourgeoisie

Question 22

In Marxist theory, the class of workers in an industrial society

Answer 22

Proletariat

Question 23

In nineteenth-century Europe, a movement that supported monarchies, aristocracies, and state-established churches

Answer 23

Conservatism

Question 24

Land, labor, capital, and entrepreneurship which existed in Britain which allowed it to lead in the Industrial Revolution

Answer 24

Factors of production

Question 25

A large industrial organization created in Japan during the industrialization of the late nineteenth century

Answer 25

Zaibatsu

Question 26

Military draft

Answer 26

Conscription

Question 27

Nineteenth-century reforms by Ottoman rulers designed to make government and military more efficient

Answer 27

Tanzimat Reforms

Question 28

The policy issued by the United States in which it declared that the Western Hemisphere was off limits to colonization by other powers

Answer 28

Monroe Doctrine

Question 29

The political party that became the leader of the Indian nationalist movement

Answer 29

Indian National Congress

Question 30

Restored legitimate monarchs to the thrones of Europe and to create a balance of power

Answer 30

Congress of Vienna

Question 31

Revolt against foreign residents of China

Answer 31

Boxer Rebellion

Question 32

Revolt of Indian soldiers against the British; caused by a military practice in violation of the Muslim and Hindu faiths (1857)

Answer 32

Sepoy Rebellion

Question 33

Rights that belong to every person and that no government may take away

Answer 33

Natural rights

Question 34

Slaveholding Boers, who in 1834, left the Cape Colony and moved to the interior of Africa

Answer 34

Great Trek

Question 35

Society founded in 1889 in the Ottoman Empire; its goal was to restore the constitution of 1876 and to reform the empire

Answer 35

Young Turks

Question 36

South Africans of Dutch descent

Answer 36

Boers

Question 37

South Asian soldiers who served in the British army in India

Answer 37

Sepoys

Question 38

Strikes by urban workers and peasants in Russia; prompted by shortages of food and by Russia's loss to Japan in 1905

Answer 38

Revolution of 1905

Question 39

The ability to combine the factors of land, labor, and capital to create factory production

Answer 39

Entrepreneurship

Question 40

The application of Darwin's philosophy of natural selection to human society

Answer 40

Social Darwinism

Question 41

The division of powers among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches of government

Answer 41

Separation of powers

Question 42

The divisions of society in pre-revolution France

Answer 42

Estates

Question 43

The establishment of colonial empires

Answer 43

Imperialism

Question 44

The fencing of pasture land in England beginning prior to the Industrial Revolution

Answer 44

Enclosure Movement

Question 45

The first ten amendments to the constitution of the United States

Answer 45

Bill of Rights

Question 46

The Manchurian invaders who ruled China from 1644 to the 1900s

Answer 46

Qing Dynasty

Question 47

The meeting of European imperialist powers to divide Africa among them

Answer 47

Berlin Conference

Question 48

The money and equipment needed to engage in industrialization

Answer 48

Capital

Question 49

The movement to achieve women's rights

Answer 49

Feminism

Question 50

The period of the most extreme violence during the French Revolution

Answer 50

Reign of Terror

Question 51

The policy in the United States that led to its expansion from the Atlantic to the Pacific

Answer 51

Manifest Destiny

Question 52

The restoration of the Meiji emperor in Japan in 1868 that began a program of industrialization and centralization of Japan following the end of the Tokugawa Shogunate

Answer 52

Meiji Restoration

Question 53

The right of foreigners to live under the laws of their home country rather than those of the host country

Answer 53

Extraterritoriality

Question 54

The Russian Parliament

Answer 54

Duma

Question 55

The Sanskrit name for the British government in India

Answer 55

Raj

Question 56

The temporary union of the northern portion of South America after the independence movements led by Simon Bolivar

Answer 56

Gran Columbia

Question 57

The traditional legislative body of France

Answer 57

Estates-General

Question 58

The transition between the domestic system of manufacturing and the mechanization of production in a factory setting

Answer 58

Industrial Revolution

Question 59

Treaty ending the Opium War that ceded Hong Kong to the British in 1842

Answer 59

Treaty of Nanking

Question 60

Violence against Jews in Tsarist Russia

Answer 60

Pogrom

Question 61

The war between Great Britain and China began with the Qing dynasty's refusal tallow continued opium importation into China; British victory resulted in the Treaty of Nanking (1839-1842)

Answer 61

Opium War

Question 62

The war between Japan and China in 1895 over control over Korea

Answer 62

Sino-Japanese War

Question 63

The war between Japan and Russia over Manchurian territory; resulted in the defeat of Russia by the Japanese Navy

Answer 63

Russo-Japanese War

Question 64

The war between the British and the Dutch over Dutch independence in South Africa; resulted in British victory (1899-1902)

Answer 64

Boer War

Question 65

Western European political philosophy during the nineteenth century; advocated democracy and reforms favoring lower classes

Answer 65

Radicalism