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AP World > Vocabulary 1750CE-1900CE > Flashcards

Vocabulary 1750CE-1900CE Flashcards

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AP® World History flashcards
1
Q

A document modeled after the political philosophies of John Locke. It altered the natural rights identified John Locke to include “life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.”

A

Declaration of Independence

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2
Q

A late nineteenth-century movement in which the Chinese modernized their army and encouraged western investment in factories and railways

A

Self-Strengthening Movement

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3
Q

A literary and artistic movement in nineteenth-century Europe; emphasized emotion over reason

A

Romanticism

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4
Q

A long ponytail that Chinese men were forced to wear in order to distinguish them from Manchus

A

Queu

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5
Q

A manufacturing method in which the stages of the manufacturing process are carried out in private homes rather than a factory setting

A

Domestic System

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6
Q

A member of a Polynesian group that settled in New Zealand about 800CE

A

Maoris

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7
Q

A statement of political rights adopted by the French National Assembly during the French Revolution

A

Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen

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8
Q

A statement of the rights of women written by Olympe de Gouges in response to the Declaration of the Rights of Man

A

Declaration of the Rights of Women and of the Female

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9
Q

An economic system in which the state controls the means of production

A

Communism

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10
Q

An Enlightenment philosophy that favored civil rights, the protection of private property, and representative government

A

Liberalism

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11
Q

Bird droppings used as fertilizer; a major trade item of Peru in the late nineteenth century

A

Guano

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12
Q

Canal constructed by Egypt across the Isthmus of Suez in 1869

A

Suez Canal

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13
Q

Collection of laws that standardized French law under the rule of Napoleon Bonaparte

A

Napoleonic Code (Code Napoleon)

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14
Q

Conflict between the United States and Spain that began the rise of the United States as a world power

A

Spanish-American War

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15
Q

Control of a country’s economy by the businesses of another nation

A

Economic Imperialism

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16
Q

Democratic and nationalistic revolutions, most of them unsuccessful, that swept through Europe

A

Revolutions of 1848

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17
Q

Divisions of a country in which a particular foreign nation enjoys economic privileges

A

Spheres of influence

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18
Q

Extreme radicals during the French revolution

A

Jacobins

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19
Q

Idea which argued that time and space are relative to one another

A

Theory of Relativity

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20
Q

Idea, first proposed by Charles Darwin, that species survive due to favorable characteristics

A

Theory of Natural Selection

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21
Q

In France, the class of merchants and artisans who were members of the Third Estate and initiators of the French Revolution; in Marxist theory, a term referring to factory owners

A

Bourgeoisie

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22
Q

In Marxist theory, the class of workers in an industrial society

A

Proletariat

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23
Q

In nineteenth-century Europe, a movement that supported monarchies, aristocracies, and state-established churches

A

Conservatism

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24
Q

Land, labor, capital, and entrepreneurship which existed in Britain which allowed it to lead in the Industrial Revolution

A

Factors of production

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25
Q

A large industrial organization created in Japan during the industrialization of the late nineteenth century

A

Zaibatsu

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26
Q

Military draft

A

Conscription

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27
Q

Nineteenth-century reforms by Ottoman rulers designed to make government and military more efficient

A

Tanzimat Reforms

28
Q

The policy issued by the United States in which it declared that the Western Hemisphere was off limits to colonization by other powers

A

Monroe Doctrine

29
Q

The political party that became the leader of the Indian nationalist movement

A

Indian National Congress

30
Q

Restored legitimate monarchs to the thrones of Europe and to create a balance of power

A

Congress of Vienna

31
Q

Revolt against foreign residents of China

A

Boxer Rebellion

32
Q

Revolt of Indian soldiers against the British; caused by a military practice in violation of the Muslim and Hindu faiths (1857)

A

Sepoy Rebellion

33
Q

Rights that belong to every person and that no government may take away

A

Natural rights

34
Q

Slaveholding Boers, who in 1834, left the Cape Colony and moved to the interior of Africa

A

Great Trek

35
Q

Society founded in 1889 in the Ottoman Empire; its goal was to restore the constitution of 1876 and to reform the empire

A

Young Turks

36
Q

South Africans of Dutch descent

A

Boers

37
Q

South Asian soldiers who served in the British army in India

A

Sepoys

38
Q

Strikes by urban workers and peasants in Russia; prompted by shortages of food and by Russia’s loss to Japan in 1905

A

Revolution of 1905

39
Q

The ability to combine the factors of land, labor, and capital to create factory production

A

Entrepreneurship

40
Q

The application of Darwin’s philosophy of natural selection to human society

A

Social Darwinism

41
Q

The division of powers among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches of government

A

Separation of powers

42
Q

The divisions of society in pre-revolution France

A

Estates

43
Q

The establishment of colonial empires

A

Imperialism

44
Q

The fencing of pasture land in England beginning prior to the Industrial Revolution

A

Enclosure Movement

45
Q

The first ten amendments to the constitution of the United States

A

Bill of Rights

46
Q

The Manchurian invaders who ruled China from 1644 to the 1900s

A

Qing Dynasty

47
Q

The meeting of European imperialist powers to divide Africa among them

A

Berlin Conference

48
Q

The money and equipment needed to engage in industrialization

A

Capital

49
Q

The movement to achieve women’s rights

A

Feminism

50
Q

The period of the most extreme violence during the French Revolution

A

Reign of Terror

51
Q

The policy in the United States that led to its expansion from the Atlantic to the Pacific

A

Manifest Destiny

52
Q

The restoration of the Meiji emperor in Japan in 1868 that began a program of industrialization and centralization of Japan following the end of the Tokugawa Shogunate

A

Meiji Restoration

53
Q

The right of foreigners to live under the laws of their home country rather than those of the host country

A

Extraterritoriality

54
Q

The Russian Parliament

A

Duma

55
Q

The Sanskrit name for the British government in India

A

Raj

56
Q

The temporary union of the northern portion of South America after the independence movements led by Simon Bolivar

A

Gran Columbia

57
Q

The traditional legislative body of France

A

Estates-General

58
Q

The transition between the domestic system of manufacturing and the mechanization of production in a factory setting

A

Industrial Revolution

59
Q

Treaty ending the Opium War that ceded Hong Kong to the British in 1842

A

Treaty of Nanking

60
Q

Violence against Jews in Tsarist Russia

A

Pogrom

61
Q

The war between Great Britain and China began with the Qing dynasty’s refusal tallow continued opium importation into China; British victory resulted in the Treaty of Nanking (1839-1842)

A

Opium War

62
Q

The war between Japan and China in 1895 over control over Korea

A

Sino-Japanese War

63
Q

The war between Japan and Russia over Manchurian territory; resulted in the defeat of Russia by the Japanese Navy

A

Russo-Japanese War

64
Q

The war between the British and the Dutch over Dutch independence in South Africa; resulted in British victory (1899-1902)

A

Boer War

65
Q

Western European political philosophy during the nineteenth century; advocated democracy and reforms favoring lower classes

A

Radicalism

AP World (6 decks)

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