Vocabulary 1450CE - 1750CE Flashcards
A document whose purchase was said to grant the bearer the forgiveness of sins
Indulgence
A European economic policy of the sixteenth through eighteenth centuries that held that there was a limited amount of wealth available and that each country must adopt policies to obtain as much wealth as possible for itself; key to the attainment of wealth was the acquisition of colonies
Mercantilism
A European economic movement in the seventeenth century that established the basis for modern science
Scientific Revolution
A government with a king or queen whose power is limited by the power of a parliament
Parliamentary monarchy
A passage through the North American Continent that was sought by early explorers to North America as a route to trade with the east
Northwest Passage
A philosophical movement in eighteenth-century Europe that was based on reason and the concept that education and training could improve human society
Enlightenment
A political unit ruled by a viceroy that was the basis of organization of the Spanish colonies
Viceroyalty
A practice in the Spanish colonies that granted land and the labor of Native Americans on that land to European colonists
Encomienda
A practice of the Ottoman Empire in which they took Christian boys from their home communities to serve as Janissaries
Devshirme
A religious movement began by Martin Luther in 1517 that attempted to reform the beliefs and practices of the Roman Catholic church; it resulted in the formation of new Christian denominations
Protestant Reformation
A small, easily steerable ship used by the Spanish and Portuguese in their explorations
Caravel
A sovereign state whose people share a common culture and national identity
Nation-state
A term used in colonial Spanish America to describe a person born in the Americas of European descent
Creoles
A way of gaining knowledge by means of direct observation or experience
Empirical research
A white marble mausoleum built at Agra, India by the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan (fl. 1628-58) for his favorite wife
Taj Mahal
An agent with trade privileges in early Russia
Factor
An economic concept that holds that the government should not interfere with or regulate business and industries
Laissez-faire economics
An economic system based on private ownership and opportunity for profit-making
Capitalism
An extension of the Italian Rennaissance to the nations of northern Europe; this took on a more religious nature than the Italian Rennaisance
Northern Rennaisance
French enlightenment social thinkers
Philosophes
In the Spanish and Portuguese colonies a person of mixed African and European descent
Mulato
In the Spanish colonies, a replacement for the encomienda system that limited the number of working hours for laborers and provided fair wages
Repartimiento
In the Spanish colonies, persons of mixed European and native descent
Mestizos
In the Spanish colonies, those who were born in Europe
Peninsulares
