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APHUG Vocab > Vocab Unit 5 > Flashcards

Vocab Unit 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Agriculture

A

the science of farming, including the growing of crops and the rearing of animals

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2
Q

Climate

A

the weather conditions prevailing in an area in general or over a long period

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3
Q

Subsistence agriculture

A

when farmers grow food crops to meet the needs of themselves and their families

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4
Q

Commercial agriculture

A

when the grown or reared food is produced for sale

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5
Q

Intensive agriculture

A

farmers use large amounts of inputs to maximize yields

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6
Q

Extensive Agriculture

A

uses few amounts of inputs which result in less yields

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7
Q

Intensive Commercial Agriculture

A

heavy amounts of investments in labor and capital to sell for high yields and profits

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8
Q

Intensive Subsistence Agriculture

A

labor and animal intensive to meet the needs of themselves

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9
Q

Extensive Subsistent Agriculture

A

few inputs are used with few outputs

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10
Q

Extensive commercial agriculture

A

low amounts of inputs with the intent to sell the product for profit

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11
Q

Capital

A

money invested in land, equipment, and machines

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12
Q

Pastoral nomadism

A

type of extensive subsistent agriculture that relies on animals for meat, shelter, and bartering for crops

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13
Q

Shifting cultivation

A

type of extensive subsistent agriculture where farmers use a piece of land until it loses fertility and move on. not sustainable

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14
Q

Plantation

A

large commercial farm that specializes in one crop

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15
Q

Mixed crop and livestock farming

A

farm that grows crops and rears livestock. the crops produced are mostly eaten by livestock

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16
Q

Grain farming

A

used in dry climates and is usually wheat

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17
Q

Commercial gardening

A

gardening on a larger scale to produce food in bulk

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18
Q

Market gardening

A

when food is grown near an urban market and sold to local suppliers, stores, and restaurants

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19
Q

Dairy farming

A

farms that supply milk products from various livestock

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20
Q

Milk shed

A

the distance milk is able to be delivered due to advances in refrigeration

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21
Q

Mediterranean agriculture

A

practiced in regions with dry summers, mild winters, and narrow valleys. herders practice transhumance

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22
Q

Transhumance

A

seasonal herding of animals from higher elevations in the summer to lower elevations in the winter

23
Q

Livestock ranching

A

the commercial grazing of animals confined to a certain area, found in areas that are too dry to grow crops

24
Q

Clustered (nucleated) settlements

A

groups of homes located near each other

25
Q

Dispersed settlements

A

patterns in which farmers lived in homes spread across the countryside

26
Q

Linear settlement

A

buildings are organized close to a body of water or along a transportation route

27
Q

Metes and Bounds

A

used to mark plot boundaries, metes used for short distances, bounds covering larger areas

28
Q

Public land survey system/Township & range system

A

created consistent sized rectangular plots

29
Q

Townships

A

areas 6 miles long and 6 miles wide

30
Q

Section

A

square mile within a township consisting of 640 acres

31
Q

French long-lot system

A

farms were long, thin sections of land perpendicular to a river

32
Q

First (Neolithic) agricultural revolution

A

origin of farming. marked by the domestication of plants and animals

33
Q

Animal domestication

A

began with horses and dogs, later expanded to pigs, sheep, and cattle

34
Q

Plant domestication

A

began with vegetative farming, later planted seeds. allowed people to live in permanent communities

35
Q

Fertile Cresent

A

first major agricultural hearth. occurred in southwest Asia

36
Q

Independent innovation

A

crops and animals were domesticated in multiple regions with no interaction between people

37
Q

Columbian exchange

A

global movement of plants and animals between Afro-Eurasia and the Americas

38
Q

Second agricultural revolution

A

used advances of the industrial revolution to increase food supplies and fuel population growth

39
Q

Enclosure acts

A

enabled landowners to purchase land for their own use

40
Q

Crop rotation

A

planting different crops in a sequence to restore nutrients to the soil

41
Q

Irrigation

A

applying controlled amount of water to plants using different technology

42
Q

Third agricultural revolution

A

expanded mechanization of farming, used scientific techniques to advance production

43
Q

Green revolution

A

Dr. Norman Borlaug, developed resistant crops to feed a growing population

44
Q

Hybridization

A

breeding two plants with desirable characteristics to create a seed with both

45
Q

Genetically modified organism (GMO)

A

using engineering techniques to change the DNA of a seed

46
Q

Bid-rent theory

A

distance-decay relationship, land close to urban areas is more valuable

47
Q

Capital intensive

A

uses expensive machinery and other inputs

48
Q

Labor intensive

A

relies on tons of workers, who are usually low-paid

49
Q

Factory farming

A

capital intensive where many animals are kept in close quarters and bred in a controlled environment

50
Q

Aquaculture

A

intensive farming. fish, shellfish, or water plants are raised in netted areas

51
Q

Double cropping

A

planting and harvesting a crop two or more times per year on the same plot of land

52
Q

Intercropping (multicropping)

A

when farmers grow two or more crops at the same time on the same field

53
Q

Monoculture

A

only one crop is grown or one type of animal is raised per season

54
Q

Monocropping

A

only one crop is grown or one type of animal is raised year after year

APHUG Vocab (6 decks)

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