Unit 6 Vocab Chapter 17 Flashcards
using the earth’s resources while not causing damage to the environment
Sustainability
focuses on city planning and transportation to combat urban sprawl and create a new vision for cities that are equitable and sustainable
Smart growth policies
areas of undeveloped land around an urban area
Greenbelts
adopts policies to slow the spread of urban areas and place limits in building permits in order to encourage a more compact city
Slow-growth cities
set of strategies created in the 1990s to put smart growth into action within communities
New urban design
neighborhoods that have a mix of homes and businesses
Mixed-use neighborhoods
the process of building up underused lands within a city
Urban infill
locates mixed-use residential and business communities near mass transit stops
Transit-oriented development (TOD)
refers to a set of principles that supports sustainable urban designs
Livability
information that can be counted, measured, or sequenced by numeric value
Quantitative data
shows where people live, income, age, gender, ethnicity, race, family size, and other details
Population composition
continuous geographic regions that function as the foundation of a census
Census tracts
tracts are subdivided into block groups, which are further subdivided into blocks
Census block
data based primarily on surveys, field studies, photos, video, and interviews from people who provide personal perceptions and meaningful descriptions
Qualitative data
the process by which banks refuse loans to those who want to purchase and improve certain urban areas; targets minorities and the poor
Redlining
in housing refers to when people live in separate neighborhoods based on ethnicity or race
Racial segregation
When people of an ethnic group sold their homes upon learning that members of another ethnic group were moving into the neighborhood
Blockbusting
areas of poverty occupied by a minority group as a result of discrimination
Ghettos
practices that offer incentives for developers to set aside a percentage of housing for low-income renters or buyers
Inclusionary zoning
the city or government provides rental assistance for individuals to disperse public housing throughout the area
Scattered site
allows governments to clear out the blighted inner-city slums
Urban renewal
allows the government to claim private property from individuals, pay them for the property, and use the land for public good
Eminent domain
the process of converting an urban inner-city neighborhood from a mostly low income area to a wealthier area
Gentrification
densely populated areas built without coordinated planning and insufficient public services
Informal settlements
the legal protection of contracts to show ownership of land or structures
Land tenure
areas of a city that have been deserted by their owners for either economic or environmental reasons
Zones of abandonment
the disproportionate exposure of minorities and the poor to pollution and its impacts
Environmental injustice (environmental racism)
the building of walled or fenced neighborhoods with limited access and entry points
Gated communities
streets lined with tall buildings
Urban canyons
an area of a city warmer than the surrounding area
Urban heat island
animals such as rats, raccoons, and pigeons that thrive in cities
Urban wildlife
the commuting periods when many people travel to and from work
Rush hour
the rapid spread of development outward from the inner city
Suburban sprawl
the impact of human activity on the environment
Ecological footprint
consists of dilapidated buildings and polluted or contaminated soil
Brownfields
involves renovating a site within a city by removing the existing landscape and rebuilding from the ground up
Urban redevelopment
