Unit 6 Vocab Chapter 17

Question 1

using the earth’s resources while not causing damage to the environment

Answer 1

Sustainability

Question 2

focuses on city planning and transportation to combat urban sprawl and create a new vision for cities that are equitable and sustainable

Answer 2

Smart growth policies

Question 3

areas of undeveloped land around an urban area

Answer 3

Greenbelts

Question 4

adopts policies to slow the spread of urban areas and place limits in building permits in order to encourage a more compact city

Answer 4

Slow-growth cities

Question 5

set of strategies created in the 1990s to put smart growth into action within communities

Answer 5

New urban design

Question 6

neighborhoods that have a mix of homes and businesses

Answer 6

Mixed-use neighborhoods

Question 7

the process of building up underused lands within a city

Answer 7

Urban infill

Question 8

locates mixed-use residential and business communities near mass transit stops

Answer 8

Transit-oriented development (TOD)

Question 9

refers to a set of principles that supports sustainable urban designs

Answer 9

Livability

Question 10

information that can be counted, measured, or sequenced by numeric value

Answer 10

Quantitative data

Question 11

shows where people live, income, age, gender, ethnicity, race, family size, and other details

Answer 11

Population composition

Question 12

continuous geographic regions that function as the foundation of a census

Answer 12

Census tracts

Question 13

tracts are subdivided into block groups, which are further subdivided into blocks

Answer 13

Census block

Question 14

data based primarily on surveys, field studies, photos, video, and interviews from people who provide personal perceptions and meaningful descriptions

Answer 14

Qualitative data

Question 15

the process by which banks refuse loans to those who want to purchase and improve certain urban areas; targets minorities and the poor

Answer 15

Redlining

Question 16

in housing refers to when people live in separate neighborhoods based on ethnicity or race

Answer 16

Racial segregation

Question 17

When people of an ethnic group sold their homes upon learning that members of another ethnic group were moving into the neighborhood

Answer 17

Blockbusting

Question 18

areas of poverty occupied by a minority group as a result of discrimination

Answer 18

Ghettos

Question 19

practices that offer incentives for developers to set aside a percentage of housing for low-income renters or buyers

Answer 19

Inclusionary zoning

Question 20

the city or government provides rental assistance for individuals to disperse public housing throughout the area

Answer 20

Scattered site

Question 21

allows governments to clear out the blighted inner-city slums

Answer 21

Urban renewal

Question 22

allows the government to claim private property from individuals, pay them for the property, and use the land for public good

Answer 22

Eminent domain

Question 23

the process of converting an urban inner-city neighborhood from a mostly low income area to a wealthier area

Answer 23

Gentrification

Question 24

densely populated areas built without coordinated planning and insufficient public services

Answer 24

Informal settlements

Question 25

the legal protection of contracts to show ownership of land or structures

Answer 25

Land tenure

Question 26

areas of a city that have been deserted by their owners for either economic or environmental reasons

Answer 26

Zones of abandonment

Question 27

the disproportionate exposure of minorities and the poor to pollution and its impacts

Answer 27

Environmental injustice (environmental racism)

Question 28

the building of walled or fenced neighborhoods with limited access and entry points

Answer 28

Gated communities

Question 29

streets lined with tall buildings

Answer 29

Urban canyons

Question 30

an area of a city warmer than the surrounding area

Answer 30

Urban heat island

Question 31

animals such as rats, raccoons, and pigeons that thrive in cities

Answer 31

Urban wildlife

Question 32

the commuting periods when many people travel to and from work

Answer 32

Rush hour

Question 33

the rapid spread of development outward from the inner city

Answer 33

Suburban sprawl

Question 34

the impact of human activity on the environment

Answer 34

Ecological footprint

Question 35

consists of dilapidated buildings and polluted or contaminated soil

Answer 35

Brownfields

Question 36

involves renovating a site within a city by removing the existing landscape and rebuilding from the ground up

Answer 36

Urban redevelopment