Vocab Test 7/3/24

Question 1

a priori

Answer 1

a statement which is knowable without reference to experience

Question 2

absolute

Answer 2

a principle that is universally binding

Question 3

autonomy

Answer 3

self directed freedom, arriving at a moral judgement through reason

Question 4

categorical imperative

Answer 4

a command to perform actions that are absolute moral obligations without reference to other ends

Question 5

deontological ethics

Answer 5

any ethical system which ignores outcomes, concentrating just on whether the act is good in itself

Question 6

duty

Answer 6

a motive for acting in a certain way which shows a moral quality

Question 7

free will

Answer 7

the belief that we are able to make our own uncompelled choices in life

Question 8

good will

Answer 8

a moral choice expresses good will

Question 9

heteronomy

Answer 9

for kant, the state of being directed by others in decision-making

Question 10

hypothetical imperative

Answer 10

an action that achieves some goal or end

Question 11

immortality

Answer 11

the belief that we will live forever, in afterlife

Question 12

kingdom of ends

Answer 12

a world in which people do not treat others as means but only as ends

Question 13

law

Answer 13

objective principle - a maxim that can be universalised

Question 14

maxim

Answer 14

a general rule which we intend to act, determined by reason

Question 15

postulate

Answer 15

a principle so evident that it needs no further justification (an assumption)

Question 16

summum bonum

Answer 16

the supreme good that we pursue through moral acts

Question 17

universability

Answer 17

if an act is wrong for one person, then it is wrong for anyone in that situation

Question 18

Karol Wojtyla (John Paul II)

Answer 18

‘anyone who treats a person as a means to an end does violence to the very essence of the other, to constitutes its natural rights’ love and responsibility (1982)

Question 19

L. Pojman

Answer 19

Ethics: discovering right and wrong (2012) - questions some of Kants examples for universalisation

Question 20

Immanuel Kant

Answer 20

‘it is impossible to conceive of anything in the world, or indeed out of it, which can be called good without qualification, save only a good will’ groundwork of the metaphysics of morals (1785)