VOCAB QUIZ TERMS UNIT 2 1/27 Flashcards
What is hindsight bias?
The tendency to believe, after learning an outcome that one would have foreseen it
Define positive correlation
rises and lowers together
Define hypothesis
a testable predication often implied by a theory
Define negative correlation
Two sets of scores relate inversely, one goes up, other goes down
What is an independent variable?
The experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable whose effect is being studied.
Define naturalistic observation
Observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without trying to manipulate and control the situation.
What is a dependent variable?
The outcome factor; the variable that may change in response to manipulations of the independent variable
What is a case study?
A descriptive technique in which one individual or group is studied in depth in hope of revealing universal principles
Define median
the middle score in a distribution; half the scores are above it and half are below it
Define mode
the most frequently occurring score(s) in a distribution
Define mean
the arithmetic average of a distribution, obtained by adding the scores and then dividing by the number of scores
Define validity
The extent to which a test or experiment measures or predicts what it is supposed to do
What is reliability?
The extent to which a test yields consistent results, as assessed by the consistency of scores on two halves of the test, or on retesting
What is a double-blind procedure?
An experimental procedure in which both the research participants and the research staff are ignorant (blind) about whether the research participants have received the treatment or a placebo. Commonly used in drug-evaluation studies.
Define correlation coefficient
Correlation coefficient is a statistical index of the relationship between two variables (from -1.0 to +1.0)
Define placebo effect
Experimental results caused by expectations alone; any effect on behavior caused by the administration of an inert substance or condition, which the recipient assumes is an active agent
Define informed consent
an ethical principle that research participants be told enough to enable them to choose whether they wish to participate
What is a single-blind procedure
The patient is unaware of what researcher is studying.
What is statistical significance
A statistical statement of how likely it is that an obtained result occurred by chance
What are operational definitions?
Statements of the exact procedures used in a research study.
