unit 3 terms topic 9 quiz Flashcards
teratogens
chemicals and viruses, that can reach the embryo or fetus during prenatal development and cause harm.
accommodation
the eye’s lens changes shape to focus near or far objects on the retina.
fetal alcohol syndrome
physical and cognitive abnormalities in children caused by a pregnant woman’s heavy drinking. In severe cases, signs include a small, out-of-proportion head and abnormal facial features.
Sensorimotor stage
Piaget’s theory, the stage (from birth to about 2 years of age) during which infants know the world mostly in terms of their sensory impressions and motor activities.
object permanence
the awareness that things continue to
exist even when not perceived.
Harry harlow
contact comfort
egocentrism
Piaget’s theory, the preoperational child’s difficulty taking another’s point of view.
mary ainsworth
maternal seperation
formal operations
adolescents achieve the intellectual summit
secure attachment
play comfortably, happily exploring their new environment. When she leaves, they become distressed; when she returns, they seek contact with her.
preconventional stage
moral reasoning based on punishment
postconventional stage
moral reasoning based on ethics
preoperational stage
Piaget’s theory, the stage (from about 2 to about 6 or 7 years of age) during which a child learns to use language but does not yet comprehend the mental operations of concrete logic.
authoritarian parents
impose rules and expect obedience: “Don’t interrupt.” “Keep your room clean.” “Don’t stay out late or you’ll be grounded.” “Why? Because I said so.”
authoritative parents
parents are both demanding and responsive. They exert control by setting rules and enforcing them, but they also explain the reasons for rules. And, especially with older children, they encourage open discussion when making the rules and allow exceptions.
