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Anatomy > Vocab List 3 > Flashcards

Vocab List 3 Flashcards

1
Q

ossicles

A
  • the malleus, incus and stapes
  • 3 tiny bones that occupy most of the middle ear cavity
  • reach adult size during fetal life
  • 2 main purposes
    • to deliver sound vibrations to the inner ear fluid
    • to help inner ear from being overdriven by excessively strong vibrations
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2
Q

malleus (hammer)

A
  • most lateral of ossicles
  • attached to connective tissue fibers of the TM attachment most intimate at middle of membrane and less so toward superior border
  • attachment coupled with position of malleus in the middle ear cavity causes the membrane to be pulled inward to take shape of the cone
  • consists of head, neck and 3 processes (manubrium, anterior and lateral process)
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3
Q

manubrium (of the malleus)

A
  • 1 of 3 processes of malleus
  • firmly attaches to the TM by network of connective tissue of middle layer, and by mucous membrane
  • this attachment causes the pull of the TM into a cone shape
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4
Q

neck (of malleus)

A
  • constriction of the malleus between the manubrium and the head
  • point of attachment for lateral malleolar ligament
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5
Q

anterior process (of malleus)

A
  • spine like structure at the junction of the manubrium and the neck
  • point of attachment for the anterior malleolar ligament
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6
Q

head/capitulum (of malleus)

A
  • bulbous and upward projecting portion of the malleus that occupies about half of the epitympanic recess
  • posterior surface includes an articular facet for attachment of incus
  • consists of an upper and lower portion due to a constriction in the center of the head
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7
Q

incus (anvil)

A
  • second of the linear ossicles
  • named incus because resemblance to an anvil, actually looks more like a premolar tooth with two diverging roots
  • consists of a body and two legs (crura) or processes
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8
Q

body (of incus)

A
  • anterior surface of the body has an articular facet, here is where it is joined with articular facet of the malleus
  • body has two processes that arise from it at nearly right angles to each other; the short process (about 5mm long) and the long process (about 7mm long)
  • long process contains a medially bent end with rounded projection called lenticular process
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9
Q

lenticular process (of incus)

A
  • projection of the long process which is tipped with cartilage and articulates with the head of the stapes
  • appears almost as small as sesamoid bone
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10
Q

stapes (stirrup)

A
  • third of the linear ossicles
  • named because of its resemblance to a riding stirrup
  • consists of a head, neck, two crura & a footplate
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11
Q

head (of stapes)

A
  • presents a concave articular facet for reception of the lenticular process of the incus
  • usually presents a small spine which indicates the attachment of the tendon of the stapedius muscle
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12
Q

crura (of stapes)

A
  • 2 crura of the stapes: anterior and posterior
  • 2 delicate but incredibly strong struts that originate from points nearer the inferior rather than superior margin of the footplate
  • crura are “channeled” on the inner surfaces which significantly reduces the mass of the stapes
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13
Q

footplate (of stapes)

A
  • partly osseous and partly cartilaginous
  • occupies the oval window
  • connected to the neck of the stapes by the anterior and posterior crura
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14
Q

ligaments and articulations of the ossicles

A
  • principal ligaments responsible for the suspension of the ossicular chain within the tympanic cavity
  • 8 in total, including the tendons of the two middle ear muscles - these muscles are referred to as ligaments
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15
Q

incudomallear articulation

A
  • the saddle synovial joint between the incus and the malleus
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16
Q

incudostapedial articulation

A
  • synonym for incudostapedial joint
  • the synovial joint between lenticular process of the long crus of the incus and the head of the stapes
  • joint allows incus and stapes to move and articulate together, typically referred to as a “ball and socket” joint
17
Q

anterior malleal ligament

A
  • fibrous band that extends from neck of malleus just above its anterior process to the anterior wall of the tympanic cavity close to the petrotympanic fissure
  • some of the fibers also pass through the fissure to the spine of the sphenoid bone
18
Q

posterior incudal ligament

A
  • one of the three ligaments that hold the incus in place, however, it secures the short process of the incus into the posterior incudal recess
19
Q

middle ear (tympanic) cavity

A
  • space located between the TM and inner ear that houses the three auditory ossicles (incus, malleus, stapes) which convey vibrations through the oval window to the cochlea
  • this is an air filled cavity that is also connected to the nasopharynx via the eustachian tube
  • the middle ear conducts vibrations into mechanical energy by articulation of the ossicles in accordance with TM * mechanical energy into hydroelectric energy by pressing the footplate of the stapes into the oval window causing the endolymph in cochlea to move
20
Q

epitymanic recess

A
  • the area of the tympanic cavity cranial to the TM
  • contains the upper half of the malleus and greater part of the incus
  • aka “attic”
21
Q

hypo-tympanum

A
  • lower part of the middle ear cavity, in the temporal bone
22
Q

chorda tympani

A
  • branch of the facial nerve that carries taste from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue and parasympathetic innervation to all salivary glands bellow the level of the oral fissure
  • ultimately joins the lingual branch of trigeminal nerve
23
Q

tegmen tympani

A
  • thin layer of bone that forms the roof of the tympanic cavity, separating it from the cranial cavity and the meningeal coverings of the brain
24
Q

tympanic air cells

A
  • spaces in the tympanic cavity between the bony projections of the floor or jugular wall that sometimes communicate with the tubal air cells
25
Q

mastoid wall

A
  • aka posterior wall
  • wider above than below
  • presents for examination the entrance tot he tympanic Antrum, the pyramidal eminence and the fossa incudis
26
Q

tympanic air cells of the mastoid wall

A
  • spaces in the tympanic cavity between the bony projections of the floor or jugular wall that sometimes communicate with the tubal air cells
27
Q

pyramidal eminence (of mastoid wall)

A
  • hollow and contains the stapedius muscle
  • apex has very small orifice that is innervated by tendons of the stapedius
  • located behind the oval window hear the prominence of the facial canal
28
Q

foramen of chorda tympani (of mastoid wall)

A
  • small aperture through which courses the chorda tympani nerve
  • located at the angle of the junction of the posterior (mastoid) and lateral membranous walls of the tympanic cavity
  • behind the TM and on level with the process of the malleus
29
Q

incudal fossa (of mastoid wall)

A
  • small depression in the lower and back part of the epitympanic recess which accommodates the short process of the incus ossicle
30
Q

aditus (of the mastoid wall)

A
  • connecting link between the tympanic cavity and the tympanic Antrum
  • entrance to the tympanic Antrum
  • it is an oriface on the posterior wall of the epitympanic recess
31
Q

tympani antrum (of mastoid wall)

A
  • communicates with mastoid air cells which provides indirect communication between the middle ear cavity and the mastoid air cells
  • mucus membrane that lines middle ear cavity is continuous with that which lines the antrum
32
Q

carotid wall

A
  • anterior carotid wall is wider at the top than at the bottom
  • seperated from carotid canal by a thin plate of bone
  • upper portion is perforated by the tendon of the tensor tympani and by the orifice of the eustachian tube

Anatomy (5 decks)

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