Vocab Chapter 2 & 3 Flashcards
Carrying Capacity
The largest number of people that the environment of a particular area can support
Age Distribution
The distribution of age in a population
Cohort
A population group that is distinguished by a certain characteristic
Demographic Equation
An equation that summarizes the amount of growth or decline in a population during a certain period of time, also taking into account net migration and natural increase
Demographic momentum
The tendency for growing population to continue growing after a fertility decline because of their young age distribution
Demographic Regions
Shows how different parts of the world are in different stages of the demographic transition
Demographic Transition model
Has 5 steps. Stage 1 is Low Growth; Stage 2 is High Growth; Stage 3 is Moderate Growth; Stage 4 is Low Growth/Stationary; and Stage 5 (a prediction) is a Negative Growth
Dependency ratio
The number of people who are too young or too old to work compared to the number of people in their productive years
Diffusion of fertility control
The spread of fertility control throughout the world
Disease Diffusion
There are two types, contagious and hierarchical. Hierarchical is along high density areas that spread from urban to rural areas. Contagious is spread through the density of people.
Doubling Time
The number of years need to double a population, assuminf a constant rate of natural increase
Ecumene
The proportion of earths surface occupied by permanent human settlement
Epidemiological Transition model
A cause of death in each stage of the demographic transition. It can explain how a country changes in a demographic transition
Gendered Space
Knowledge about using space from a male to a female angle, to determine how females may be restricted in use of public and private spaces compared to males.
Infant mortality rate
The annual number of deaths of infants under one year of age, compared with total live births. Expressed as a number of deaths among infants per 1000 births.
Maladaptation
An adaptation that has become less helpful than harmful
Thomas Malthus
One of the first to argue that the worlds rate of population increase was far outrunning the development of food population
Mortality
2 Types: Infant mortality rate and life expectancy. The IMR reflects a country’s health care system and life expectancy measures the average number of years a baby can expect to live
Neo-Malthusian
Neo-Malthusian Theory that builds upon Malthus; thoughts on overpopulation. Takes into count two factors: population growth in LDCs, and outstripping the resources other than food
Overpopulation
When the number of people in an area is more than the area can support
Population densities
The frequency with which something occurs in space. Physiological Density and Arithmetic Density
Population distributions
The arrangement of a feature in space. Used to describe how things and people are distributed across the Earth
Population explosion
A sudden increase or burst in the population in a certain geographical region
Population projection
Predicts the future population of an area
Population pyramid
Population displayed by age and gender on a bar graph
Rate of natural increase
The percentage by which a population grows in a year
Standard of Living
Refers to the quality and quantity of goods and services available to people and the way they are distributed within a population
Sustainability
Relates to development that meets today’s needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs
Underpopulation
Refers to a sharp drop or decrease in a region’s population
Zero Population Growth
When the Crude Birth Rate equals the Crude Death Rate and the natural increase rate approaches zero
Activity space
The space used for a certain industry or activity
Chain Migration
Migration of people to a specific location because relatives or members of the same nationality previously migrated there
Cyclic movement
Seasonal and nomadism. Leave a place, but return
Distance Decay
The diminishing in importance and eventual disappearance of a phenomenon with increasing distance from its origin
Forced Migration
Permanent movement compelled usually by cultural factors
Gravity model
A model that states that the potential use of a service at a particular location is directly related to the number of people in a location and inversely related to the distance people must travel to reach the service
Internal migration
Permanent movement within a particular country
Intervening opportunity
An environmental or cultural feature of the landscape that helps migration
Intercontinental Migration Patterns
Permanent movement from one country to a different country on the same continent
Interregional Migration pattern
Permanent movement from one region of the country to another
Rural-urban Migration pattern
Permanent movement from suburbs and rural areas to the urban city area
Migratory movement
Describes human movement from a source to a destination without a return journey
Periodic movement
Seasonal migration of live stock between mountains and lowland pastures
Personal space
Personal bubble
Place utility
The desirability of a place based on its social, economic, and environmental situation. Often used to compare the value of living in different locations
Push-pull factors
Factors that convince people to leave old residence and move to new locations
Refugee
People forced to migrate from their home country and cannot return for fear of persecution because of their race, religion, nationality, membership in a social group, or political opinion
Space-time prism
The set of all points that can reached by an individual given a maximum possible speed from a starting point in space time and an ending point in the space time
Step Migration
A series of small, less extreme location changes are steps
Transhumance
The seasonal migration of livestock between mountains and lowland pastures
Transmigration
the relocation of people away from overpopulated core regions to less crowded areas
