Vocab Chapter 2 & 3 Flashcards
Carrying Capacity
The largest number of people that the environment of a particular area can support
Age Distribution
The distribution of age in a population
Cohort
A population group that is distinguished by a certain characteristic
Demographic Equation
An equation that summarizes the amount of growth or decline in a population during a certain period of time, also taking into account net migration and natural increase
Demographic momentum
The tendency for growing population to continue growing after a fertility decline because of their young age distribution
Demographic Regions
Shows how different parts of the world are in different stages of the demographic transition
Demographic Transition model
Has 5 steps. Stage 1 is Low Growth; Stage 2 is High Growth; Stage 3 is Moderate Growth; Stage 4 is Low Growth/Stationary; and Stage 5 (a prediction) is a Negative Growth
Dependency ratio
The number of people who are too young or too old to work compared to the number of people in their productive years
Diffusion of fertility control
The spread of fertility control throughout the world
Disease Diffusion
There are two types, contagious and hierarchical. Hierarchical is along high density areas that spread from urban to rural areas. Contagious is spread through the density of people.
Doubling Time
The number of years need to double a population, assuminf a constant rate of natural increase
Ecumene
The proportion of earths surface occupied by permanent human settlement
Epidemiological Transition model
A cause of death in each stage of the demographic transition. It can explain how a country changes in a demographic transition
Gendered Space
Knowledge about using space from a male to a female angle, to determine how females may be restricted in use of public and private spaces compared to males.
Infant mortality rate
The annual number of deaths of infants under one year of age, compared with total live births. Expressed as a number of deaths among infants per 1000 births.
Maladaptation
An adaptation that has become less helpful than harmful
Thomas Malthus
One of the first to argue that the worlds rate of population increase was far outrunning the development of food population
Mortality
2 Types: Infant mortality rate and life expectancy. The IMR reflects a country’s health care system and life expectancy measures the average number of years a baby can expect to live
Neo-Malthusian
Neo-Malthusian Theory that builds upon Malthus; thoughts on overpopulation. Takes into count two factors: population growth in LDCs, and outstripping the resources other than food
Overpopulation
When the number of people in an area is more than the area can support
Population densities
The frequency with which something occurs in space. Physiological Density and Arithmetic Density
Population distributions
The arrangement of a feature in space. Used to describe how things and people are distributed across the Earth
Population explosion
A sudden increase or burst in the population in a certain geographical region
Population projection
Predicts the future population of an area
