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CLA201 > Vocab 9 > Flashcards

Vocab 9 Flashcards

1
Q

-ate (-atus)
Verb-Forming Suffixes

A

‘to make’, ‘to treat’, ‘to do something with’
* alleviate, obviate, illuminate

NOTE: This suffix often combines with the suffix -ion to form a noun (e.g. illumination = “the act of making/bringing in light”)

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2
Q

-fy (-ficere)
Verb-Forming Suffixes

A

‘to make’, ‘to cause’

  • terrify, liquify, pacify
    NOTE: The adjective ending that corresponds to -fy is -fic, ‘making’, ‘causing’ (e.g. terrific, pacific)
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3
Q

-igate, -egate (-atus)
Verb-Forming Suffixes

A

‘to make’, ‘to drive’

  • mitigate, fumigate, navigate, variegate
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4
Q

-esce (-escere)
Verb-Forming Suffixes

A

‘to begin’, ‘to be somewhat’

  • effervescent, convalescent, arborescent
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5
Q

AG-, ACT- (ago → actus)

A

‘to do’, ‘to drive’, ‘to act’

  • ACT-ion;
  • AG-ile;
  • CUTI-re-ACT-ion, a local skin
    reaction following inoculation with
    or the application of extracts of
    pathogenic organisms
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6
Q

ALB- (albus)

A

‘white’

  • ALBI-FACT-ion, the act or process
    of blanching or rendering white;
  • ALBUM-in, a protein substance
    found in nearly every animal and
    some vegetable tissue;
  • ALBUR-num, sapwood or splint
    wood (i.e., the soft, white substance
    between the inner bark and true
    wood)
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7
Q

ARC(U)- (arcus)

A

‘bow’, ‘arch’

  • ARC-ade;
  • ARCI-FER-ous, applies to the
    pectoral arch of toads;
  • ARC-iform, shaped like an arch or a
    bow;
  • ARCU-alia, small, cartilaginous
    pieces, dorsal and central, fused or
    free, on the vertebral column of
    fishes
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8
Q

CALCAR- (calcar)

A

‘spur’

  • CALCAR-ine, a fissure extending to
    the hypocampal gyrus on the medial
    surface of the cerebral hemisphere;
  • CALCAR-ate, having a spur or spurlike point
    NOTE don’t confuse with the root CALC-
    ‘limestone’ and CALC- ‘heel’ of Lists 8 and 10.
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9
Q

CAUL- (caulis)

A

‘stem’, ‘stalk’

  • CAULI-COL-ous, applies to fungi
    growing on plant stems;
  • CAUL-ine, pertaining to a stem
    (applies to leaves growing on the
    upper portion of a stem;
  • FILI-CAUL-ine, with a threadlike
    stem
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10
Q

CAV- (cavus)

A

‘hollow’

  • CAVI-CORN, hollow-horned;
  • inter-CAV-it-ary, within a CAV-ity
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11
Q

CER- (cera)

A

‘wax’

  • CERI-FER-ous, wax-bearing, waxy;
  • CERE-ous, waxy
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12
Q

CING-, CINCT- (cingo → cinctus)

A

‘to bind’, ‘to gird’

  • pre-CINCT;
  • suc-CINCT;
  • CING-ulum, a girdle or the waist;
  • sub-CING-ulum, the lower lip part of
    the cingulum of rotifers;
  • CING-ul-ectomy, the surgical
    removal of the cingulate gyrus (in
    the brain)
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13
Q

CLIV- (clivus)

A

‘slope’

  • pro-CLIV-ity;
  • de-CLIVE, a lower or descending
    part;
  • CLIVUS, a slope;
  • post-CLIV-al, the fissure behind the
    clivus of the cerebellum
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14
Q

COCT- (coquo → coctus)

A

‘to cook’, ‘to boil’

  • con-COCT-ion, preparation made by
    combining different crude
    ingredients;
  • COCTO-STA-ble, able to withstand
    the temperature of boiling water
    without change
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15
Q

CUSP-, CUSPID- (cuspis, cuspidis)

A

‘point’

  • CUSP, a pocket or fold in the wall of
    the heart or a major blood vessel that
    fills and distends if the blood flows
    backwards, so forming part of a
    valve; a cone-shaped prominence on
    the surface of a tooth; a sharp rigid
    point of a leaf; bicuspid, having two
    cusps or points; a tooth with two
    cusps, especially a human premolar
    tooth;
  • bi-CUSP-id, having two cusps, as
    bicuspid teeth, or as the mitral valve
    of the heart
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16
Q

CUT-, CUSS- (-cutio → -cussus)

A

‘to shake’, ‘to strike’

  • con-CUSS-ion, shock, the state of
    being shaken, a severe shaking or
    jarring of a part;
  • per-CUSS-ion, the act of firmly
    tapping the surface of the body with
    a finger or a small hammer to elicit
    sounds or vibratory sensations of
    diagnostic value
    NOTE: not to be confused with the homonymous
    CUT- ‘skin’ of List 8.
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17
Q

DOL- (doleo)

A

‘to feel pain’, ‘to cause pain’

  • con-DOL-ence;
  • in-DOL-ent, sluggish, usually
    applied to slowness in healing or
    growing, as an indolent ulcer, or
    causing little or no pain, as an
    indolent tumour
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18
Q

EBURN- (ebur; eburnus)

A

‘ivory’

  • EBURN-eous, ivory white, white
    more or less tinged with yellow;
  • EBURN-itis, increased hardness and
    density of the tooth enamel
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19
Q

FASCI- (fascia)

A

‘band’

  • FASCIA, thin sheath of fibrous
    tissue enclosing a muscle or organ;
  • FASCI-ated, showing abnormal
    fusion of parts or organs, resulting in
    a flattened ribbon-like structure;
  • FASCI-ola, a narrow colour-band;
  • FASC-itis, inflammation of a fascia
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20
Q

FENESTR- (fenestra)

A

‘window’, ‘opening’

  • FENESTR-ate, having small
    perforations or transparent spots
    (applies to insect wings);
  • CRANIO-FENESTR-ia, congenital
    bony defect involving the total
    thickness of the skull, lacuna skull
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21
Q

FERR- (ferrum)

A

‘iron’

  • FERR-ic, relating to iron;
  • FERR-ule, a ring or cap, typically a
    metal one, which strengthens the end
    of a handle, stick, or tube and
    prevents it from splitting or wearing;
  • FERR-ous, containing or consisting
    of iron;
  • FERRI-HAEMO-GLOB-in,
    haemoglobin in which the iron is
    normally in a ferrous state
    NOTE: not to be confused with the similar FER- ‘to
    bear’ of List 6.
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22
Q

FIL- (filum)

A

‘thread’

  • FILI-GER-ous, with threadlike
    outgrowths or flagella;
  • FIL-ar-iasis, a diseased state due to
    the presence of nematode worms of
    the super family Filarioidea
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23
Q

FLAGELL- (flagellum)

A

‘whip’, ‘whip-like appendage’

  • FLAGELL-ate;
  • FLAGELL-um, a slender thread-like
    structure, especially a microscopic
    whip-like appendage which enables
    many protozoa, bacteria,
    spermatozoa, etc. to swim;
  • FLAGELL-in, the structural protein
    of bacterial flagella
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24
Q

FLAV- (flavus)

A

‘yellow’

  • FLAV-edo, yellowness of the skin;
  • FLAV-in, one of a group of yellow
    pigments isolated from various plant
    and animal sources
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25
Q

FLOCC- (floccus)

A

‘tuft, as of wool’

  • FLOCCUS, a tuft of wooly hairs on
    a plant;
  • FLOCC-ose, covered with woollike
    tufts (applies to bacterial growths)
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26
Q

FOR- (foro)

A

‘to bore’, ‘to pierce’

  • FOR-amen, the opening through the
    coats of an ovule, or any small
    perforation;
  • FOR-amin-ule, a minute foramen;
  • FOR-amini-FER-a, an order of
    protozoans with calcareous shells
    with minute openings for
    pseudopodia
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27
Q

FOV- (fovea)

A

‘pit’

  • FOVEA, a small pit, fossa or
    depression, or a small hollow at leaf
    base;
  • FOVE-ate, pitted;
  • FOVE-ol-ate, having regular, small
    depressions
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28
Q

FUNG- (fungus)

A

‘mushroom’, ‘fungus’

  • FUNGI-VOR-ous, fungus-eating
    animals and plants;
  • FUNG-at-ion, the act of growing up
    rapidly, like a fungus (as certain
    pathologic growths);
  • FUNG-os-ity, fungous excrescence,
    fungous quality
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29
Q

GLABR- (glaber, glabris)

A

‘hairless’, ‘smooth’

  • GLABR-ous, free from hair or down,
    smooth (chiefly of the skin or a leaf);
  • GLAB-ella, the smooth part of the
    forehead above and between the
    eyebrows
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30
Q

GLOMER- (glomus, glomeris)

A

‘ball of yarn’

  • GLOMUS, a fold of the mesothelium
    containing a ball of blood vessels;
  • con-GLOMER-ation, that which is
    made up of parts from various
    sources
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31
Q

GLUTIN- (gluten, glutinis)

A

‘glue’

  • GLUTEN, a mixture of proteins
    found in the seeds of cereals, which
    confers the property of toughness to
    dough;
  • GLUTIN-ous, viscid, gluelike
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32
Q

HAL-, HALIT- (halo; halitus)

A

‘to breathe’

  • HALIT-us, a vapour, as that expired
    by the lungs;
  • HALIT-osis, the state of having
    offensive breath
    NOTE: not to be confused with Greek root HAL-
    ‘salt’ of List 5
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33
Q

HI-, HIAT- (hio → hiatus)

A

‘to stand open’

  • HIAT-us, a space or opening;
  • de-HI-sc-ence, the spontaneous
    opening of an organ or structure
    along certain lines in a definite
    direction;
  • in-de-HI-sc-ent, not splitting at
    maturity (applies to certain fruits)
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34
Q

I-, IT- (eo → itus)

A

‘to go’

  • in-IT-ial;
  • ex-IT;
  • ob-IT-uary;
  • amb-IT-us, the outer edge or margin
    or the outline of an echinoid shell
    viewed from the apical pole;
  • ab-I-ent, tending away from the
    source of stimulus (opp. ad-I-ent)
35
Q

LABI-, LABR- (labium or labrum)

A

‘lip’

  • LABIUM, lip, liplike structure;
  • LABIO-GRESS-ion, location of the
    anterior teeth in front of their normal
    position
    NOTE: careful not to confuse with similar LAB-
    ‘fall’ of List 7
36
Q

LAMIN- (LAMELL-) (lamina)

A

‘thin plate’; ‘little plate’ (lamella),
diminutive form.

  • LAMIN-ate;
  • LAMELLA, a plate or layer;
  • LAMELLI-CORN, having antenna
    joints expanded into flattened plates;
  • LAMIN-ectomy, surgical removal of
    one or more neural laminas of the
    vertebrae
37
Q

LAT- (latus)

A

‘broad’, ‘wide’

  • di-LAT-ion;
  • LATI-SQUAM-ate, broad-scaled
    NOTE: don’t confuse with below.
38
Q

LAT- (fero → latus)

A

‘to bear’, ‘to carry’

  • re-LATE;
  • e-LAT-ed;
  • trans-LATE;
  • ab-LAT-ion, removal of a part by
    amputation, excision, etc.
    NOTE: don’t confuse with above.
39
Q

LEV- (levis)

A

‘light’ (in weight)

  • LEV-ity;
  • LEV-er;
  • e-LEV-at-or, an instrument for
    lifting a part or for extracting the
    roots of teeth;
  • al-LEVI-at-ion, the modification of
    symptoms, the lessening of pain
    NOTE: don’t confuse with homonymous LEV- ‘left’
    of List 8
40
Q

LIEN- (lien)

A

‘spleen’

  • LIEN-al, pertaining to the spleen
    (applies to an artery, vein, or nerve
    plexus);
  • GASTRO-LIEN-al, pertaining to the
    stomach and spleen
41
Q

LIG- (ligo)

A

‘to bind’

  • ob-LIG-at-ion;
  • al-LIG-at-or;
  • LIG-ament, a band of tough, flexible
    connective tissue;
  • LIG-at-ure, a cord or thread for tying
    vessels or the act of tying or binding
42
Q

LIGN- (lignum)

A

‘wood’

  • LIGNE-ous, woody, of the nature of
    wood;
  • LIGN-in, a complex substance
    which, associated with cellulose,
    causes the thickening of plant cell
    walls, and so forms wood
43
Q

LIQU- (liquo)

A

‘to be liquid’

  • LIQUE-FACT-ion, conversion of
    material into liquid form
44
Q

LONG- (longus)

A

‘long’

  • LONGI-tude;
  • LONGI-CORN, having long
    antennae, former term for longhorn
    beetle;
  • LONGI-MAN-ous, long-handed
45
Q

LUMIN- (lumen, luminis)

A

‘light’

  • LUMEN, the cavity of a tubular part
    of an organ, or the central cavity of a
    plant cell;
  • SONO-LUMIN-esc-ence, the
    emission of light by various liquids
    when traversed by high-frequency
    sound or ultrasonic waves
46
Q

MAN(U)- (manus)

A

‘hand’

  • MANU-FACT-ure,
  • MANU-SCRIPT;
  • BI-MAN-ous, having two hands
    (applies to certain primates);
  • MANU-DUCT-ion, operation
    performed by the hands in surgical
    and obstetric practice
47
Q

MEAT- (meo → meatus)

A

‘to go’, ‘to pass’

  • MEATUS, an opening or passage;
  • MEAT-itis, inflammation of the wall
    of a meatus;
  • SUPRA-MEAT-al, applies to
    triangle and spine over external
    acoustic meatus
48
Q

MIT(T)-, MIS(S)- (mitto → missus)

A

‘to send’, ‘to let go’

  • e-MISS-ary, any venous channel
    through the skull connecting the
    venous sinuses with the diploic veins
    and veins of the scalp;
  • intro-MISS-ion, insertion, the act of
    putting in, the introduction of one
    body into another
    NOTE: not to be confused with the Greek roots MIT-
    ‘thread’ or MIS- ‘hate’ of Lists 4 and 3.
49
Q

MUC- (mucus)

A

‘mucus’

  • MUCI-fic, mucus-secreting;
  • MUCO-CUT-aneous, pertaining to
    skin and mucous membrane
50
Q

NAS- (nasus)

A

‘nose’

  • NAS-al;
  • NAS-al-ize;
  • NASO-GASTR-ic, reaching or
    supplying the stomach via the nose;
  • NASO-PHARYNX, the upper part
    of the pharynx, connecting with the
    nasal cavity above the soft palate
51
Q

NIGR- (niger, nigeris)

A

‘black’

  • NIGR-esc-ent, nearly black, blackish
52
Q

NUC- (nux, nucis)

A

‘nut’

  • NUC-leus;
  • NUC-le-ase, an enzyme that cleaves
    the chains of nucleotides in nucleic
    acids into smaller units;
  • NUC-ellus, the central part of an
    ovule, containing the embryo sac;
  • NUC-le-olus, a small dense spherical
    structure in the nucleus of a cell
    during interphase.
53
Q

NUTRI-, NUTRIT- (nutria → nutritus)

A

‘to nourish’

  • NUTRIC-ism, a relationship of two
    animals with all the benefit to one
    partment;
  • NUTRI-ent, that which affords
    nutrition
54
Q

OS-, OR- (os, oris)

A

‘mouth’

  • OR-al;
  • OS-culum, a large aperture in a
    sponge through which water is
    expelled;
  • OS-CUL-ate, to kiss;
  • OS-CUL-ar, relating to kissing (or to
    an osculum)
    NOTE: don’t confuse with OSS- below.
55
Q

OSS- (os, ossis)

A

‘bone’

  • OSS-icle, any small bone;
  • DERMO-OSSI-FIC-at-ion, a bone
    formed in the skin
    NOTE: don’t confuse with OS- above.
56
Q

PALLI- (pallium)

A

‘mantle’, ‘covering’

  • PALLI-um, (in zoology) the mantle
    of a mollusc or brachiopod, (in
    anatomy) the outer wall of the
    mammalian cerebrum, corresponding
    to the cerebral cortex;
  • PALLI-ate, to make (a disease or its
    symptoms) less severe without
    removing the cause;
  • PALLI-at-ive, relieving pain without
    dealing with the cause of the
    condition
57
Q

PALP- (palpo)

A

‘to touch’, ‘to stroke’

  • im-PALP-able, not capable of being
    felt, imperceptible to touch;
  • PALP-it-at-ion, any heart action of
    which the patient is conscious
  • PALPO-CIL, a stiff, sensory
    filament attached to sense cells of
    Hydromedusae
58
Q

PLEX- (plecto → plexus)

A

‘to interweave’, ‘to braid’

  • PLEXUS, a network of interlacing
    nerves or anastomosing blood
    vessels or lymphatics;
  • PLEX-iform, resembling a plexus or
    network;
  • PLEX-ODONT, having molar teeth
    with complicated crown patterns and
    multiple roots
    NOTE: don’t confuse with Greek root PLEX- ‘strike’
    of List 1
59
Q

PRON- (pronus)

A

‘inclined’, ‘face-down’

  • Prone, lying flat, especially face
    downwards
  • PRON-ator, a muscle whose
    contraction produces or assists in the
    pronation of a limb or part of a limb.
60
Q

PROXIM- (proximus)

A

‘near’, ‘nearest’; ‘nearest the body’)

  • PROXIM-ate, nearest, immediate (as
    proximate cause);
  • PROXIM-al, in dentistry, surface of
    a tooth next to the adjacent tooth;
  • PROXIMO-LABI-al, pertaining to a
    tooth’s proximal and labial surfaces
61
Q

PUNG-, PUNCT- (pungo → punctus)

A

‘to prick’, ‘point’

  • com-PUNCT-ion;
  • PUNCT-uate;
  • PUNCT-il-ious;
  • PUNCT-iform, having the nature of
    qualities of a point, or seeming to be
    located at a point (of a sensation), or
    in bacteriology, very minute
    colonies;
  • PUNG-ent, ending in a rigid and
    sharp point
62
Q

RIG- (rigeo)

A

‘to be stiff’

  • RIG-id, stiff or hard;
  • RIG-esc-ent, becoming rigid;
  • RIGID-itas, stiffness, rigidity
63
Q

RUB(R)- (ruber)

A

‘red’

  • BILI-RUBR-in, a reddish-yellow
    pigment of bile and blood;
  • RUBIGIN-ose, of a brownish-red
    tint, rust-coloured;
  • e-RUB-esc-ent, blushing red
64
Q

SAC(C)- (saccus

A

‘bag’, ‘sac’

  • SACC-ate, dilated to form a sac;
  • SACC-ule (SACC-ulus), a small sac,
    pouch, or cyst
65
Q

SCRIB-, SCRIPT- (scribe → scriptus)

A

‘to write’

  • de-SCRIBE;
  • pre-SCRIBE;
  • sub-SCRIBE;
  • circum-SCRIPT, a marginal
    sphincter when sharply defined, as in
    sea anemones
66
Q

SEP-, SEPT- (septum)

A

‘to separate’, ‘wall’

  • SEPTUM, a partition, a dividing
    wall between two spaces or cavities;
  • e-SEPT-ate, not supplied with septa;
  • SEPT-ectomy, excision of part of the
    nasal septum
    NOTE: don’t confuse with Greek root SEP- ‘rot’ of
    List 4 or the Latin SEPT- ‘7’ of List 10.
67
Q

SINISTR- (sinister)

A

‘left’

  • SINISTER;
  • SINISTRO-TORS-ion, a twisting or
    turning toward the left;
  • SINISTR-in, a levorotatory
    polysaccharide
68
Q

SIN(U)- (sinus)

A

‘curve’, ‘hollow’, ‘cavity’

  • in-SINU-ate, suggest or hint in an
    indirect and unpleasant way;
  • SINUS, a cavity within a bone or
    other tissue, especially one in the
    bones of the face or skull connecting
    with the nasal cavities;
  • SINU-ate, having a wavy or sinuous
    margin; with alternate rounded
    notches and lobes;
  • SINU-ous, having many curves and
    turns;
  • SINUS-oid, a small irregularly
    shaped blood vessel found in certain
    organs, especially the liver
69
Q

SPIN- (spina)

A

‘thorn’, ‘spine’

  • SPIN-ul-ate, covered with spines;
  • SPIN-ul-at-ion, a defensive spiny
    covering, or the state of being
    spinulate
70
Q

SPIR- (spiro)

A

‘to breathe’

  • SPIRIT;
  • con-SPIRE;
  • a-SPIR-at-or, a negative pressure
    apparatus for withdrawing liquids
    from cavities;
  • su-SPIR-at-ion, a sigh, the act of
    sighing;
  • tran-SPIR-at-ion, exhalation of
    vapour through pores or stomata
    NOTE: don’t confuse with Greek root SPIR- ‘coil’ of
    List 5
71
Q

STA-, STAT- (sto → stare, status)

A

‘to stand’

  • circumstance;
  • distant;
  • extant;
  • instant;
  • status;
  • substance;
  • STA-ble, not liable to undergo
    chemical decomposition, radioactive
    decay, or other physical change;
    STA-bile, stationary;
  • DI-ST-al, situated away from the
    centre of the body or from the point
    of attachment
    NOTE: Very similar to the Greek root STA- “stand”
    of List 2.
72
Q

STIP-, STIPIT- (stipes, stipitis)

A

‘stalk’

  • STIPIT-ate, stalked;
  • STIP-ule, one of two membranes or
    foliaceous processes developed at the
    base of a leaf petiole;
  • BI-STIP-ul-ate, provided with two
    stipules
73
Q

STRAT- (stratum)

A

‘layer’

  • BI-STRAT-ose, with cells arranged
    in two layers;
  • STRAT-iform, applies to
    fibrocartilage coating osseous
    grooves
74
Q

STRU-, STRUCT- (struo → structus)

A

‘to construct’, ‘to build’

  • STRUCT-ure;
  • de-STRUCT-ion;
  • ob-STRU-ent, obstructing, tending to
    obstruct
75
Q

TERMIN- (terminus)

A

‘end’, ‘boundary’

  • ab-TERMIN-al, going from the end
    inward;
  • at-TERMIN-al, toward the terminal;
  • co-TERMIN-ous, having the same or
    coincident boundaries
76
Q

TUM- (tumeo)

A

‘to swell’

  • TUM-esc-ent, swollen, enlarged;
  • de-TUM-esc-ence, subsidence of a
    swelling (esp. of erecto-sexual
    organs following orgasm)
77
Q

UMBR- (umbra)

A

‘shade’, ‘shadow’

  • UMBR-age;
  • ad-UMBR-ate;
  • ex-UMBR-al, pertaining to the
    rounded upper surface of a jellyfish;
  • ob-UMBR-ate, with some structure
    overhanging the parts so as partially
    to conceal them;
  • UMBR-aculum, any umbrellalike
    structure
78
Q

UNGU- (unguis)

A

‘nail’ (of finger or toe)

  • UNGUI-FER-ate, having nails,
    claws or hooklike processes;
  • UNGUI-cul-ata, Mammalia with
    nails or claws as distinguished from
    hoofed mammals and cetaceans
79
Q

VEL- (velum)

A

‘veil’, ‘covering’

  • VELUM, a membrane or structure
    similar to a veil;
  • VELI-GER, second stage in larval
    life of certain molluscs when the
    head bears a velum
    NOTE: not to be confused with VELL- ‘tear’ of List
    10.
80
Q

VISCER- (viscus)

A

‘entrails’

  • e-VISCER-at-ion, removal of
    internal organs;
  • VISCERO-SENS-ory, relating to
    sensation in the viscera
81
Q

VITR- (vitrum)

A

‘glass’
* VITR-eous, like glass in appearance;

82
Q

VARI- (varius)

A

‘varied’, ‘changing’, ‘spotting’

  • VARI-ous;
  • VARI-ety;
  • VARI-egate-d, marked with different
    colours;
  • VARI-CELLA, chickenpox
83
Q

VENTR- (venter)

A

‘belly’

  • VENTRI-LOQU-ism; V
  • ENTR-icle, a cavity or chamber, as
    of the heart or brain;
  • BI-VENTR-al, applies to muscles of
    the biventer type (= digastric, each of
    a pair of muscles which run under
    the jaw and act to open it, from
    GAST- ‘belly’ because the muscle
    has two fleshy parts or ‘bellies’ at an
    angle, connected by a tendon)
  • VITR-esc-ent, capable of or
    susceptible to being turned into
    glass;
  • VITR-eous HUM-our, the
    transparent jelly-like tissue filling the
    eyeball behind the lens (cf. aqueous
    humour);
  • VITR-ectomy, the surgical operation
    of removing the vitreous humour
    from the eyeball
84
Q

VOLV-, VOLUT- (volvo → volutus)

A

‘to roll’, ‘to turn’

  • in-VOLVE;
  • re-VOLUT-ion;
  • VOLUTE;
  • ob-VOLUTE, bent downward and
    inward (applies to wings, elytra of
    insects);
  • VOLV-ulus, a twisting of the bowel
    upon itself occluding the lumen.

CLA201 (9 decks)

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