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CLA201 > Vocab 10 > Flashcards

Vocab 10 Flashcards

1
Q

SEMI- (semis)

A

‘half’, ‘partly’

  • SEMI-LUN-ate, half-moon-shaped;
  • SEMI-CAUD-ate, with a
    rudimentary tail
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2
Q

UN- (unus)

A

‘one’

  • UN-ique;
  • UN-iform;
  • UN-ANIM-ity;
  • UNI-FOLI-ate, with one leaf;
  • UNI-PAR-ous, producing one
    offspring at a birth;
  • UNI-STRATE, having only one
    layer
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3
Q

PRIM- (primus)

A

‘first’

  • PRIM-ary;
  • PRIM-ates, the highest order of the
    vertebrate class Mammalia,
    including man, apes, monkeys and
    lemurs;
  • PRIMI-PAR-ous, pertaining to a
    woman bearing or giving birth to her
    first child
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4
Q

SESQUI- (sesqui)

A

‘one-and-a-half times’

  • SESQUI-CENT-ENNI-ial;
  • SEQUI-CHLOR-ide, a compound of
    chlorine and another element
    containing three parts of chlorine and
    two of the other element;
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5
Q

DU- (duo)

A

‘two’

  • DU-et; DU-al;
  • DU-PLIC-ate;
  • DU-PLICI-DENT, with two pairs of
    incisors in the upper jaw;
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6
Q

BI-, BIN- (bi-)

A

‘two’, ‘twice’

  • BI-NATE, growing in pairs;
  • BI-FID, forked, opening with a
    median cleft;
  • BI-STRAT-ose, with cells arranged
    in two layers
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7
Q

SECOND-, SECUND- (secundus)

A

‘second’, ‘following’

  • SECOND-ary;
  • SECUNDI-GRAV-ida, a woman
    pregnant the second time
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8
Q

TRI- (tres, tria)

A

‘three’

  • TRI-DENT;
  • TRI-VI-al;
  • TRI-COST-ate, with three ribs;
  • TRI-FID, cleft to form three lobes
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9
Q

TERTI- (tertius)

A

‘third’

  • TERTI-ary, third, pertaining to third
    stage of disease;
  • TERT-ian, recurring every other day,
    as a tertian fever
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10
Q

TERN- (terni)

A

‘three each’

  • TERN-ary, consisting of or based on
    three, or pertaining to a crystal
    system in which three-sided forms
    occur, or an alloy with three
    elements;
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11
Q

TER- (ter)

A

‘three times’

  • TER-VAL-ent, having a valence of
    three, triple
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12
Q

QUADR(U)- (quadrus)

A

‘four’

  • QUADRU-PLE; QUADRI-JUG-ate,
    applies to pinnate lear having four
    pairs of leaflets;
  • QUADRU-PED, a four-footed
    animal
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13
Q

QUART- (quartus)

A

‘fourth’

  • QUART-an, recurring every three
    days (or four, counting inclusively),
    as on first, fourth and seventh day;
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14
Q

QUATERN- (quarter)

A

‘four each’

  • QUATERN-ate, in sets of four
    (applies to leaves growing in fours
    from one point
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15
Q

QUINQUE- (quinque)

A

‘five’

  • QUINQUE-PART-ite, divided into
    five parts
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16
Q

QUINT- (quintus)

A

‘fifth’

  • QUIN-ary, applies to flower
    symmetry in which there are five
    parts to a whorl;
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17
Q

QUIN- (quin)

A

‘five each’

  • QUINTU-PL-et, one of five children
    born at one birth
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18
Q

SEX- (sex)

A

‘six’

  • SEX-OSTI-atae, group of spiders
    marked by six cardiac ostia
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19
Q

SEXT- (sextus)

A

‘sixth’

  • SEXT-ant, a maximum angle of sixty
    degrees;
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20
Q

SEPT-, SEPTEM- (septem)

A

‘seven’

  • SEPTEM-ber;
  • SEPTEM-PART-ite, divided into
    seven parts;
    NOTE: don’t confuse with Greek root SEP- ‘rot’ of
    List 4 or the Latin SEPT- ‘separate’ of List 9.
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21
Q

SEPTIM- (septimus)

A

‘seventh’

  • SEPTIM-al, based on the number
    seven
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22
Q

OCT- (octo)

A

‘eight’

  • OCTO-RADI-ate, having eight rays
    or arms;
  • OCT-ane, the eighth member of the
    paraffin or marsh gas series
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23
Q

OCTAV- (octavus)

A

‘eighth’

  • OCTAV-e
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24
Q

NOVEM- (novem)

A

‘nine’

  • NOVEM-ber;
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25
Q

NON- (nonus)

A

‘ninth’

  • NON-illion, ten to the thirtieth
    power;
  • NON-an, having an exacerbation
    every ninth day
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26
Q

DECEM- (decem)

A

‘ten’;

  • DECEM-FID, cleft into ten parts
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27
Q

DEC-, DECIM- (decimus)

A

‘tenth’

  • DECIM-ate;
  • DECI-LITRE, one-tenth of a litre;
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28
Q

CENT- (centum)

A

‘hundred’, ‘hundredth’

  • CEN-ENN-ial;
  • CENT-uri-on;
  • CENTI-PEDE, elongated segmented
    arthropods with many legs;
  • CENTI-metre, one-hundredth of a
    metre
    NOTE: not to be confused with the similar Greek
    root CENTE- ‘puncture’ of List 3
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29
Q

MIL(L)- (mille)

A

‘thousand’, ‘thousandth’

  • MILL-ENN-ium;
  • MILLI-PEDE, myriopods
    constituting the the class Diplopoda
    having numerous segments and legs;
  • MILLI-metre, one-thousandth of a
    metre
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30
Q

ALVEOL- (alveolus)

A

‘cavity’, ‘hollow’

  • ALVEOL-ar, relating to an alveolus;
  • ALVEOL-us, a small cavity, pit, or
    hollow, in particular: any of the
    many tiny air sacs of the lungs which
    allow for rapid gaseous exchange;
    the bony socket for the root of a
    tooth; an acinus (sac-like cavity) in a
    gland;
  • ALVEOL-ation, the formation of
    alveoli
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31
Q

ATRI- (atrium)

A

‘entrance hall’, ‘room’

  • ATRI-um, each of the two upper
    cavities of the heart from which
    blood is passed to the ventricles;
  • ATRIO-VENTR-icular, relating to
    the atrial and ventricular chambers of
    the heart, or the connection or
    coordination between them
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32
Q

AX- (axis)

A

‘axis’

  • AX-ial, relating to or forming an
    axis;
  • AB-AX-ial, facing away from the
    stem of a plant (in particular
    denoting the lower surface of a leaf);
  • AD-AX-ial, facing towards the stem
    of a plant (in particular denoting the
    upper surface of a leaf);
  • AXO-POD-ium, a pseudopodium
    with axial filament
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33
Q

BARB- (barba)

A

‘beard’

  • barber;
  • BARB-ule, a minute filament
    projecting from the barb of a feather;
  • BARB-ate, bearded;
  • BARBI-cel, a small process on a
    feather barbule
    NOTE: this is not the root for “barbarian” which
    comes from Greek and is unrelated to the ‘beard’
    meaning. Instead, “barbarian” is from the Greek
    βάρβαρος, which means “those who speak gibberish”
    (“bar bar bar” is Greek for our “blah blah blah”).”
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34
Q

BIL- (bilis)

A

‘bile’

  • BILI-ous, affected by or associated
    with nausea or vomiting;
  • BILI-RUB-in, an orange-yellow
    pigment formed in the liver by the
    breakdown of haemoglobin and
    excreted in bile;
  • BILI-VERD-in, a green pigment
    excreted in bile (the oxidized
    derivative of bilirubin);
  • BILI-ary, relating to bile or the bile
    duct.
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35
Q

BRACT(E)- (bractea)

A

‘thin plate’

  • BRACT, a modified leaf or scale,
    typically small, with a flower or
    flower cluster in its axil;
  • BRACTE-ate, having or bearing
    bracts;
  • BRACTE-ole, a small bract, esp. one
    on a floral stem
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36
Q

BURS- (bursa)

A

‘bag’, ‘pouch’

  • bursary; bursar; disburse; reimburse;
  • BURSA, a fluid-filled sac or sac-like
    cavity, especially one countering
    friction at a joint;
  • BURS-itis, inflammation of a bursa,
    typically one in a shoulder joint;
  • BURS-icle, a pouch-like receptacle
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37
Q

CALC-, CALCANE- (calx, calcis;
calcaneus)

A

‘heel’

  • CALC-aneus (pl. calcanei), the large
    bone forming the heel;
  • CALC-aneal, pertaining to the heel
    bone;
  • CALC-aneo-CAVUS, a type of
    talipes (a deformity of the foot)
    NOTE: Not to be confused with CALC- ‘limestone’
    or CALCAR- ‘spur.’ This root is related to
    CALCAR-, as the ‘heel’ is used to ‘spur’ on a horse.
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38
Q

CAN-, CAND- (canus; candidus)

A

‘white’, ‘grey’; ‘to be glowing white’

  • candid;
  • candidate;
  • candour;
  • in-CAND-esc-ent, emitting light as a
    result of being heated;
  • CAN-ities, greyness or whiteness of
    the hair
    NOTE: Not to be confused with the homonymous
    CAN- ‘dog’ of List 7.
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39
Q

CERVIC- (cervix, cervicis)

A

‘neck’

  • CERVIC-al, relating to the narrow
    neck-like passage forming the lower
    end of the womb (or simply relating
    to the neck);
  • CERVIC-itis, inflammation of the
    neck of the womb;
  • CERVICO-BRACHI-ALG-ia,
    condition in which pain extends from
    the cervical region to arms or fingers
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40
Q

CLAV- (clava)

A

‘club’

  • CLAV-ate or CLAV-iform, clubshaped; thicker at the apex than the
    base;
  • ob-CLAV-ate, club-shaped and
    attached at the thicker end
    NOTE: not to be confused with the homonymous
    CLAV- ‘key’
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41
Q

CLAV- (clavis)

A

‘key’, ‘bolt’, ‘collarbone’

  • enclave;
  • exclave;
  • clavichord;
  • CLAV-icle, the collarbone;
  • sub-CLAV-ian, under the clavicle;
  • CLAVIC-ular, pertaining to the
    clavicle
    NOTE: not to be confused with the homonymous
    CLAV- ‘club’
42
Q

CLIN- (KLIN-) (clinatus)

A

‘to slope’, ‘to lean’

  • incline;
  • decline;
  • CLINO-CEPHA-ly, congenital
    flatness or concavity of the vertex of
    the head;
  • syn-CLINE, a trough or fold of
    stratified rock in which the strata
    slope upwards from the axis
    NOTE: The verbal meaning of this root only exists in
    compound forms in Latin (inclinere, declinere). It is
    taken from the Greek KLIN- (κλινῶ), but the ‘K’ is
    not used often today.
43
Q

CORP-, CORPUS-, CORPOR- (corpus,
corporis)

A

‘body’

  • CORPOR-al;
  • in-CORPOR-al;
  • CORPS;
  • in-CORPOR-ate;
  • CORPUS-cle, a minute body or cell
    in an organism, especially a red or
    white cell in the blood of vertebrate
44
Q

COX- (coxa)

A

‘hip’, ‘hip joint’

  • COXA, (in anatomy) the hip bone or
    hip joint; (in entomology) the first or
    basal segment of the leg of an
    insect);
  • COX-ALG-ia, pain in the hip joint;
  • EPI-COX-ite, a small process at the
    end of the toothed part of the coxa in
    insects
45
Q

CREN- (crena)

A

‘notch’

  • CREN-ate, having a round-toothed
    or scalloped edge (especially of a
    leaf or shell);
  • CREN-ul-ate, having a finely
    scalloped or notched outline or edge
    (especially of a leaf, shell, or
    shoreline)
46
Q

EGO- (ego)

A

‘I’ (first-person pronoun)

  • egotism; egotistical;
  • ALTER-EGO-ism, an altruistic
    feeling for only those who are in the
    same situation as oneself;
  • EGO-mania, obsessive egotism or
    self-centredness;
  • super-EGO, the part of a person’s
    mind that acts as a self-critical
    conscience, reflecting social
    standards learned from parents and
    teachers
47
Q

FACI-, (-FICI-) (facies)

A

‘face’, ‘surface’

  • BI-FACI-al, applies to leaves with
    distinct upper and lower surfaces;
  • CORONO-FACI-al, relating to the
    crown of the head and the face;
  • inter-FACE, a surface which forms
    the boundary between two faces or
    systems;
  • super-FICIES, outer surface
48
Q

FAV- (favus)

A

‘honeycomb’

  • FAV-ella, a conceptacle of certain
    red algae;
  • FAV-eol-ate, honeycombed or
    alveolate;
  • FAVUS, a distinctive type of tinea
    capitis characterized by the
    formation of honeycomb-like mats
49
Q

FIBUL- (fibula)

A

‘clasp’, ‘brooch’ ‘outer bone of the leg’

  • FIBULA (pl. fibulae), the outer and
    usually smaller of the two bones
    between the knee and the ankle;
  • in-FIBUL-ation, the controversial
    practice of excising the clitoris and
    labia of a girl or woman and
    stitching together the edges of the
    vulva to prevent sexual intercourse;
  • para-FIBUL-ar, pertaining to an
    accessory element outside the fibula
50
Q

FREN- (frenum)

A

‘rein’, ‘bridle’

  • FREN-ulum or FREN-um, (in
    anatomy) a small fold or ridge of
    tissue which supports or checks the
    motion of the part to which it is
    attached, in particular a fold of skin
    beneath the tongue, or between the
    lip and the gum; (in entomology,
    applying to some moths and
    butterflies) a bristle or row of bristles
    on the edge of the hindwing which
    keeps it in contact with the forewing;
  • FREN-ate, having a frenulum
    NOTE: ‘frenzy’, ‘frenetic’ are from Greek PHREN-,
    not this Latin root.
51
Q

FRONT- (frons, frontis)

A

‘forehead’, ‘front’

  • FRONS (pl. frontes), the forehead or
    equivalent part of an animal,
    especially the middle part of an
    insect’s face between the eyes and
    above the clypeus;
  • FRONT-al, relating to the forehead
    or front part of the skull;
  • FRONT-al BONE, the bone which
    forms the front part of the skull and
    the upper part of the eye sockets;
  • FRONT-ad, toward the frontal
    aspect;
  • FRONTO-NAS-al, pertaining to the
    frontal sinus and the nose
52
Q

FRUCTIC- (frutex, fruticis)

A

‘shrub’

  • FRUTEX, a shrub;
  • FRUTIC-ose, (of a lichen) having
    upright or pendulous branches;
  • FRUT-esc-ent, shrublike
    NOTE: not to be confused with FRUG-/FRUCT-
    ‘fruit’
53
Q

FRUG-, FRUCT- (frux, frugis; fructus)

A

‘fruit’

  • FRUCTI-FIC-at-ion, fruit formation;
  • FRUCT-ose, fruit sugar;
  • FRUCT-esc-ence, the period of
    maturing of fruits
54
Q

FURC- (furca)

A

‘fork’

  • FURC-ate;
  • TRI-FURC-ate, to divide into three
    branches or forks; furca (pl. furcae,
    an ingrowth of the thorax of many
    insects;
  • FURC-ula, the wishbone of a bird.
55
Q

FUS- (fusus)

A

‘spindle’

  • FUSE-LAGE;
  • FUS-illi, spindle-shaped pasta;
  • FUS-arium, a mould of a large genus
    which includes a number that cause
    plant diseases, especially wilting;
  • FUS-ee, a conical pulley or wheel,
    especially in a watch or clock
    NOTE: Not to be confused with the other Latin root,
    FUND-, FUS- (pour, melt), as in ‘fusion’, ‘fuse’.
56
Q

FUSC- (fuscus)

A

‘dark’, ‘brown’, ‘tawny’

  • ob-FUSC-ate, make obscure,
    unclear, or unintelligible;
  • FUSC-ous, dark and sombre in
    colour;
  • FUSC-in, a brown pigment in the
    retinal epithelium
57
Q

GEMIN- (GEMELL-) (geminus)

A

‘twin’, ‘paired’; the second root is the
diminutive form (gemellus)

  • GEMIN-ate, growing in pairs,
    paired;
  • BI-GEMIN-ate, doubly paired, twinforked;
  • BI-GEMIN-y, the condition of
    occurring in pairs, or in cardiology, a
    premature beat coupled with each
    normal heartbeat
58
Q

GEMM- (gemma)

A

‘bud’

  • GEM;
  • GEMMA, a small cellular body or
    bud that can separate to form a new
    organism;
  • GEMM-ation, asexual reproduction
    by the production of gemmae;
    budding;
  • GEMM-ule, a tough-coated dormant
    cluster of embryonic cells produced
    by a freshwater sponge for
    development in more favourable
    conditions
59
Q

GEN-, GENIT- (gigno → genui, genitus)

A

‘to produce’, ‘to beget’

  • pro-GENIT-or; con-GENI-al;
  • con-GEN-er, a person, animal, plant
    or thing allied by origin, nature or
    function to another;
  • GENIT-al;
    NOTE: not to be confused with the Greek root GEN-
    ‘be produced’ of List 1 and GEN(U)- ‘knee’ below.
60
Q

GENER- (genus, generis)

A

‘race’, ‘kind’

  • GENER-ic
  • GENER-ation
61
Q

GEN(U)- (genu)

A

‘knee’

  • GENU-ine (with reference to the
    Roman custom of a father
    acknowledging paternity of a
    newborn child by placing it on his
    knee);
  • GENU-FLECT;
  • GENU, the knee; (in Anatomy and
    Biology) a part of certain structures
    resembling a knee, in particular a
    bend in the corpus callosum of
    mammals;
  • GENI-cul-ate, bent at a sharp angle
    NOTE: see note on GEN- above.
62
Q

GERM-, GERMIN- (germen, germinis)

A

‘sprout’, ‘bud’, ‘germ’

  • GERM; GERM-ane;
  • GERMIN-ate;
  • GERM-icide, an agent that kills
    germs;
  • GERMI-DUCT, the obiduct of a
    trematode (a parasitic flatworm)
    NOTE: this is not the root for the country Germany,
    which comes from the Latin Germania, which
    probably is borrowed from Celtic. It is not, funnily
    enough, a Germanic word.
63
Q

GINGIV- (gingiva)

A

‘the gums’

  • GINGIVA, the gums;
  • LABIO-GINGIV-al, pertaining to
    the lips and gums
  • GINGIV-itis
64
Q

INCUS-, INCUD- (incus, incudis)

A

‘anvil’

  • INCUS, the middle arc of the chain
    of ossicles in the ear, so named from
    its resemblance to an anvil;
  • INCUD-ectomy, surgical removal of
    the incus
65
Q

INGUIN- (inguen, inguinis)

A

‘groin’

  • INGUIN-al, of the groin;
  • ex-INGUIN-al, occurring outside the
    groin;
  • INGUINO-DYN-ia, pain in the groin
66
Q

ILE- (ileum)

A

‘ileum’ (part of the small intestine)

  • ILEUM, the third portion of the
    small intestine, between the jejunum
    and the caecum;
  • ILE-ac, pertaining to the ileum;
  • ILEO-COL-ic, pertaining to the
    ileum and the colon
    NOTE: careful not to confuse this one with the
    suffixes -il and -ile.
67
Q

ILI- (ilium)

A

‘flank, hip’

  • ILIO-CAUD-al, connecting the ilium
    and the tail (applies to the muscle);
  • SACRO-ILI-ac, pertaining to the
    ilium and sacrum
68
Q

LAN- (lana)

A

‘wool’

  • LAN-OL-in, a fatty substance found
    naturally on sheep’s wool;
  • LAN-UGO, fine, soft hair, especially
    that which covers the body and limbs
    of a human fetus;
  • LAN-UG-inous, covered with down
69
Q

LENS-, LENT- (lens, lentis)

A

‘lentil’, ‘lens’

  • Lens
  • LENS-oid, having the shape of a
    lentil/lens
  • LENT-ic-el, one of many raised
    pores in the stem of a woody plant
    that allows gas exchange between
    the atmosphere and the internal
    tissues; lenticular, shaped like a
    lentil, especially by being biconvex;
    relating to the lens of the eye;
  • LENTI-GER-ous, furnished with a
    lens
70
Q

LOB- (lobus)

A

‘lobe’

  • LOBO-tomy, a surgical operation
    involving incision into the prefrontal
    lobe of the brain, formerly used to
    treat mental illness;
  • LOB-ule, a small lobe;
  • LOB-ular, pertaining to a lobule
71
Q

LUMB- (lumbus)

A

‘loin’

  • LUMB-ar, relating to the lower part
    of the back;
  • LUMB-ago, pain in the muscles and
    joints of the lower back
72
Q

LUTE- (luteus)

A

‘yellow’, ‘corpus luteum’

  • CORPUS LUTEUM, the yellow
    endocrine body formed in the ovary
    at the site of a ruptured Graafian
    follicle;
  • LUTE-al, pertaining to the corpus
    luteum;
  • LUTE-in, a yellow chemical isolated
    from egg yolk
73
Q

MAL(E)- (malus)

A

‘bad’

  • MALE-FACT-or; M
  • ALE-VOL-ent;
  • MAL-FEAS-ance;
  • MALE-DICT-ion;
  • MAL-IGN;
  • MAL-IGN-ant;
  • MAL-PRACT-ice;
  • MAL-ING-er, to pretend to be ill in
    order to escape duty or work;
  • MAL-OCCLUS-ion, imperfect
    positioning of the teeth when the
    jaws are closed
    NOTE: not to be consumed with MALLE- ‘hammer’
    below or MAL- ‘cheek’ of List 7.
74
Q

MALLE- (malleus)

A

‘hammer’

  • MALLEUS, one of the ossicles of
    the inner ear having the shape of a
    hammer;
  • MALLE-at-ion, a spasmodic action
    of the hands, consisting of
    continuously striking any nearby
    object
    NOTE: not to be consumed with MAL(E)- ‘bad’ or
    MAL- ‘cheek’ of List 7.
75
Q

NAR- (naris)

A

‘nostril’

  • NARES, the nostrils;
  • NARI-CORN, the horny part of the
    nostrils in Turbinares;
  • NARI-form, shaped like nostrils
76
Q

NOD- (nodus)

A

‘knot’

  • NODE, the knob or joint of a stem at
    which the leaves arise, or an
    aggregation of specialized cardiac
    cells, or any small rounded organ,
    knob or protuberance
77
Q

NUD- (nudus)

A

‘naked’

  • NUDI-BRANCHI-ate, having gills
    not covered by a protective shell or
    membrane;
  • NUDI-CAUD-ate, having a tail not
    covered by hair or fur
78
Q

OLE- (oleum)

A

‘oil’

  • OLE-in, a fat which is liquid at
    ordinary temperatures, found in
    animal and vegetable tissues;
  • OLEI-FER-ous, producing oil
79
Q

ORB-, ORBIT- (orbita)

A

‘circle’, ‘cavity of the eye’

  • ORB; ORB-it;
  • ORB-icul-ate, nearly circular in
    outline (applies to leaves);
  • ORBITO-MAL-ar, pertaining to
    orbit and malar bones
80
Q

PALPEBR- (palpebra)

A

‘eyelid’

  • PALPEBRA, either of the two
    movable folds that protect the
    eyeball;
  • PALPEBR-ate, furnished with
    eyelids, or to wink
81
Q

PAPILL- (papilla)

A

‘nipple’

  • PAPILLA, a small rounded
    protuberance on a part or organ of
    the body;
  • PAPILL-oma (pl. papillomas or
    papillomata), a small wart-like
    growth on the skin or on a mucous
    membrane, derived from the
    epidermis and usually benign
82
Q

PAR- (par)

A

‘equal’

  • PAR-ity, the state or condition of
    being equal;
  • PARI-VINC-ular, applies to the
    bivalve hinge ligament attached to
    nymphae;
  • PARI-PINN-ate, pinnate without a
    terminal leaflet;
  • dis-PAR-ate, not situated alike
83
Q

PECTIN- (pecto → pectitus; pecten)

A

‘comb’

  • PECTEN (pl. pectens or pectines),
    any of a number of comb-like
    structures occurring in animal
    bodies;
  • PECTIN-ella, a comb-like
    membranella of some infusoria
84
Q

PEL(L)-, PULS- (pello → pulsus)

A

‘to push’, ‘to drive’, ‘to beat’

  • re-PEL;
  • ex-PULS-ion;
  • PULS-at-ile, pulsating, throbbing;
  • PULS-ellum, a flagellum situated at
    the posterior end of the protozoan
    body
    NOTE: don’t confuse with PELL- ‘skin’ of List 8.
85
Q

PILE- (pileus)

A

‘felt cap’

  • PILEUS, (in botany) the cap of a
    mushroom or toadstool; (in anatomy)
    one of the cerebellar hemispheres;
    the membrane which sometimes
    covers a child’s head at birth;
  • PILE-ated, crested (e.g. pileated
    woodpecker)
86
Q

PINN-, PENN- (pinna; penna)

A

‘feather’, ‘wing’, ‘fin’

  • pen;
  • pinnacle;
  • PINNA (in anatomy and zoology)
    the external part of the ear in humans
    and other mammals; the auricle; (in
    botany) a primary division of a
    pinnate leaf, especially of a fern; (in
    zoology) any of a number of animal
    structures resembling fins or wings;
  • BI-PENN-iform, feather-shaped,
    with sides of a vein of equal size;
  • PINN-ule, a secondary division of a
    pinnate leaf, especially of a fern; (in
    zoology) a part or organ like a small
    wing or fin, especially a side branch
    on the arm of a crinoid
87
Q

PLUR- (plus, plures)

A

‘more’, ‘many’

  • PLUR-al-ity;
  • PLURI-VOR-ous, living upon
    several hosts, as fungus;
  • PLURI-LOC-ul-ar, having more than
    one compartment or loculus
88
Q

PULMO(N)- (pulmo, pulmonis)

A

‘lung’

  • PULMON-ary or PULMON-ic,
    relating to the lungs;
  • GASTO-PULMON-ary, pertaining
    to the stomach and the lungs
89
Q

RAD-, RAS-, RAZ- (rado → rasus)

A

‘to scrape’

  • RAZE;
  • RAZ-or;
  • e-RAS-er;
  • RAD-ula, (in a mollusc) a rasp-like
    structure of tiny teeth used for
    scraping food particles off a surface
    and drawing them into the mouth;
  • RAST-er, a rectangular pattern of
    parallel scanning lines followed by
    the electron beam on a television
    screen or computer monitor
90
Q

SCAND- (-SCEND-), SCANS- (scando →
scansus)

A

‘to climb’

  • a-SCEND;
  • de-SCEND;
  • SCANS-or-ius, the small, anterior
    gluteal muscle;
  • SCANS-ores an order of birds
    having two toes before and two
    behind, such as parrots
91
Q

SCOP- (scopa)

A

‘broom’, ‘brush’

  • SCOP-ate, having a tuft of hair like a
    brush;
  • SCOP-arius, a species of shrub
    commonly called broom-tops
    NOTE: don’t confuse with Greek root SCOP- ‘view’
    of List 2
92
Q

SOLV-, SOLUT- (solvo → solutus)

A

‘to loosen’, ‘to dissolve’

  • SOLUTE, the dissolved substance in
    a SOLUT-ion;
  • ab-SOL-ute, free from admixture
93
Q

SPIC- (spica)

A

‘point’, ‘spike’

  • SPIC-ule or SPIC-ula, a small, spikeshaped bone; a needle-like body;
  • SPIC-ate, spiked;
  • SPIC-ulum, the dart of a snail
94
Q

STRI- (stria)

A

‘furrow’, ‘groove’

  • STRIA, a streak or a line, a narrow,
    band-like structure;
  • STRI-at-ure, striation, state of being
    striated, or the arrangement of striae
95
Q

TEMPOR- (tempus, tempora pl.)

A

‘the temples’

  • TEMPOR-al, (in anatomy) of or
    situated in the temples of the head;
  • infra-TEMPOR-al, below the
    temporal fossa;
  • PARIETO-TEMPOR-al, pertaining
    to the parietal and temporal bones or
    lobes;
  • TEMPOR-al BONE, either of a pair
    of bones which form part of the side
    of the skull on each side and enclose
    the middle and inner ear;
  • TEMPOR-al-is, a fan-shaped muscle
    running from the side of the skull to
    the back of the lower jaw involved in
    closing the mouth and chewing
    NOTE: this is not to be confused with the common
    Latin Root TEMPOR- meaning time. They are
    homonyms in Latin, but mean different things.
96
Q

TEND-, TENS-, TENT- (tendo →
tentum/tensum)

A

‘to stretch’

  • TENS-ion, the act of the stretching,
    the state of being stretched or
    strained;
  • dis-TENS-ion, a state of dilation;
  • TENS-or, a muscle that serves to
    make a part tense
    NOTE: this one can look like some of the forms of
    TEN- ‘hold’ of List 8
97
Q

TENDIN- (tendo, tendonis)

A

‘tendon’

  • TENDIN-it is
    NOTE: the root is based on the medieval Latin word
    above, taken from the Greek τένων.
98
Q

UNC-, UNCIN- (uncus; uncinus)

A

‘hook’

  • ad-UNC-ate, crooked; bent in the
    form of a hook;
  • UNCI-form, shaped like a hook or
    barb;
  • UNCI-FER-ous, bearing hooks or
    hook-like processes;
  • UNCIN-ula, a genus of mildew with
    hooked appendages
99
Q

VAGIN- (vagina)

A

‘sheath’

  • VAGINA, any sheath-like structure,
    especially a sheath formed round a
    stem by the base of a leaf;
  • Vagina, specifically the female
    reproductive tract which leads from
    the vulva to the uterus
    NOTE: the modern use of vagina for the external
    female reproductive organs is taken directly from
    Latin. Originally, it was a metaphoric euphemism,
    equating the female reproductive organs to a sheath
    for a male penis, or “sword.”
  • e-VAGIN-ate, (with reference to a
    tubular or pouch-shaped organ or
    structure) to turn or be turned inside
    out
100
Q

VELL-, VULS- (vello, vulsus)

A

‘to tear’

  • a-VULS-ion, the forcible tearing or
    wrenching away of a part, as a polyp
    or a limb; r
  • e-VULS-ion, the drawing, by
    irritation, of blood from a distant part
    of the body
    NOTE: not to be confused with VEL- ‘veil’ of List 9.
101
Q

VITELL- (vitellus)

A

‘yolk of an egg’

  • VITELLUS, the yolk of an egg or
    ovum;
  • VITELL-in, the chief protein
    constituent of egg yolk;
  • VITELL-ine, relating to the yolk (or
    yolk sac) of an egg or embryo, or to
    yolk-producing organs;
  • VITELL-ine MEMBRANE, a
    transparent membrane surrounding
    and secreted by the fertilized ovum,
    preventing the entry of further
    spermatozoa;
  • VITELLO-GEN-in, a protein present
    in the blood, from which the
    substance of egg yolk is derived

CLA201 (9 decks)

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