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CLA201 > Vocab 8 > Flashcards

Vocab 8 Flashcards

1
Q

-cule, -cle (-culus, -cula, -culum)
Diminutive Suffixes

A

‘little’

  • molecule, muscle, particle
    NOTE: -cule can also form adjectives, like miniscule or majuscule
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2
Q

-el (-ellus, -ella, -ellum)
Diminutive Suffixes

A

‘little’

  • tunnel, scalpel, morsel, lamella, flagellum, capitellum, cerebellum
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3
Q

-ette, -et
Diminutive Suffixes

A

‘little’ (of French origin, but attaching to Latin roots)

  • statuette, cornet, lancet
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4
Q

-il (-illus, -illa, -illum)
Diminutive Suffixes

A

‘little’

  • codicil, pupil, fibril, fibrilla, Priscilla, armadillo
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5
Q

-ule, -ole, -le (-ulus, -ula, -ulum; -olus, -ola, -olum; -leus, -lea, -leum)
Diminutive Suffixes

A

‘little’

  • globule, granule, arteriole, circle, scruple, gladiolus, formula, cupola, capitulum
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6
Q

-uncle (-unculus)
Diminutive Suffixes

A

‘little’

  • carbuncle, avuncular, furnuncle, pedunculus, ranunculus
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7
Q

AC(U)- (acus)

A

‘sharp’, ‘sour’, ‘needle’

  • ACU-PUNCT-ure;
  • ACU-ol-ate, beset with small
    prickles;
  • ACUTI-COST-al, having projecting
    ribs
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8
Q

ADIP- (adeps, adipis)

A

‘fat’

  • ADIP-os-ity, corpulence, obesity
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9
Q

AMBUL- (ambulo)

A

‘to walk’

  • AMBLE;
  • AMBUL-ance;
  • AMBUL-ant or AMBUL-at-ory,
    walking or able to walk, designating
    a patient not confined to bed but
    requiring medical care;
  • SOMN-AMBUL-ism, sleepwalking
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10
Q

ANS- (ansa)

A

‘jug handle’, ‘loop’

  • ANSA, loop, as of certain nerves;
  • ANSA CERVIC-alis, a nerve loop in
    the neck
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11
Q

ARE- (area)

A

‘space’

  • ARE-ola, any minute interstice or
    space in a tissue; or a pigmented ring
    surrounding some central point or
    space, as a nipple or a pustule, or the
    part of the iris enclosing the pupil;
  • ARE-ol-et, a small areola
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12
Q

AUR- (auris)

A

‘ear’

  • end-AUR-al, pertaining to the inner
    surface or part of the external
    auditory canal;
  • AUR-icle, any ear-like, lobed
    appendage, or the external ear, or the
    atrium, or anterior chamber, of the
    heart
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13
Q

CALC- (calx, calcis)

A

‘limestone’, ‘pebble’, ‘calcium’

  • CALC-ulus;
  • CALCI-COLE, a plant that thrives in
    soils rich in calcium salts;
  • CALCI-FIC-at-ion, the deposition of
    lime salts in tissue;
  • CALC-ar-eous, containing calcium
    carbonate (chalky)
    NOTE: don’t confuse with the root CALCAR- ‘spur’
    and CALC ‘heel’ of Lists 9 and 10.
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14
Q

CALL- (callus)

A

‘hard skin’

  • CALL-ous, pertaining to an are of
    hardened and thickened skin, a
    CALLUS;
  • CORPUS CALLOSUM, a structure
    of white matter in the brain
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15
Q

CAPS- (capsa)

A

‘box’

  • CAPS-ule;
  • en-CAPS-ul-at-ion, the process of
    surrounding a part with a capsule;
  • de-CAPS-ul-at-ion, removal of a
    capsule or enveloping membrane
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16
Q

CAR(N)- (caro, carnis)

A

‘flesh’

  • CARN-al;
  • CARN-eous, flesh-coloured; in-
  • CARN-at-ive, an agent which
    produces flesh or promotes
    granulation;
  • CARNI-VOR-ous
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17
Q

CED-, CESS- (cedo → cessus)

A

‘to go’, ‘to yield’

  • con-CEDE;
  • intro-CESS-ion, a depression, as of a
    surface;
  • pro-CESS, a prominence or
    outgrowth;
  • suc-CED-an-eous, relating to or
    acting a substitute; pertaining to that
    which follows after, as a permanent
    tooth replacing a deciduous tooth
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18
Q

CRE-, CRESC-, CRET- (cresco → cretus)

A

‘to grow’

  • in-CRE-ment;
  • CRESC-ent;
  • CRESC-endo;
  • con-CRESC-ence, a growing
    together of the roots of two teeth;
  • inter-CRESC-ence, a growing into
    each other, as of tissue
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19
Q

CUT- (cutis)

A

‘skin’

  • intra-CUT-aneous, within the skin
    substance (applied to the injection of
    substances into the skin);
  • CUT-in, a substance allied to
    cellulose found in external layers of
    thickened epidermal cells
    NOTE: not to be confused with the homonymous
    CUT- ‘shake’ of List 9.
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20
Q

DEXTR- (dexter, dextri)

A

‘right’ (direction), ‘right hand’

  • DEXTRO-DUCT-ion, movement of
    the visual axis toward the right
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21
Q

DIGIT- (digitus)

A

‘finger’, ‘toe’

  • DIGIT-ule, any small, fingerlike
    process;
  • SEX-DIGIT-ate, with six fingers or
    toes
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22
Q

FA-, FAT- (fare → fatus)

A

‘to speak’

  • af-FA-ble;
  • in-ef-FA-ble;
  • FA-ble;
  • in-FA-nt, a child, usually up to two
    years (in Latin, literally ‘not
    speaking’ or ‘without speech’)
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23
Q

FAC- (-FIC-), FACT- (-FECT-) (facio →
factus)

A

‘to do’, ‘to make’

  • FACT-ory;
  • FACT; FICT-ion;
  • ef-FIC-acious, having the power to
    bring about a desired effect;
  • FAC-ul-tat-ive, voluntary, optional;
    having the power to do or not do a
    thing
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24
Q

FIBR- (fibra)

A

‘fibre’

  • FIBR-il, a component filament of a
    fibre, as of a muscle or a nerve;
  • FIBR-in, the fibrous, insoluble
    protein in the network involved in
    blood clotting
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25
Q

FID-, FISS- (findo → fidi, fissus)

A

‘to split’

  • FISS-ure;
  • FISS-ion;
  • FISS-ile, fissionable;
  • FISSI-ROSTR-al, with deeply cleft
    beak;
  • PENTA-FID, divided in five
    divisions or lobes
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26
Q

FLU-, FLUX- (fluo → fluxum)

A

‘to flow’

  • in-FLU-ence;
  • FLU-ency;
  • af-FLUX, flow of blood or other
    fluid to a part;
  • con-FLU-ent, running together, the
    opposite of discrete; in anatomy,
    coalesced or blended (applied to two
    or bones originally separate)
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27
Q

FLUVI- (fluvius)

A

‘river’

  • Fluvial
  • FLUVI-al-ist, someone who explains
    geological and geographical
    phenomenon by the action of
    existing streams
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28
Q

FOLL(I)- (follis)

A

‘bag’

  • FOLLI-cle, a capsular fruit which
    opens on one side only, or a cavity or
    sheath (as an ovarian or hair follicle),
    or a small secretory cavity or sac (as
    an acinus or alveolus);
  • peri-FOLLI-cul-ar, surrounding a
    follicle
    NOTE: not to be confused with the similar FOLI-
    ‘leaf’ of List 6.
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29
Q

FORMIC- (formica)

A

‘ant’

  • FORMIC acid, a colourless acid
    occurring in ants and some plants;
  • FORMIC-IDE, a substance used for
    destroying ants;
  • FORMIC-at-ion, an abnormal
    sensation of insects crawling on the
    skin
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30
Q

FOSS- (fossa)

A

‘ditch’, ‘trench’, ‘to dig’

  • FOSSA, a pit or trench-like
    depression;
  • FOSS-ette, a small pit or a socket
    containing the base of the antennule
    in arthropods;
  • FOSS-ori-al, adapted for digging
    (applies to the claws and feet of
    animals)
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31
Q

FUN- (funis)

A

‘rope’, ‘cord’

  • FUN-ic, relating to or originating in
    the umbilical cord;
  • FUNI-PENDUL-ous, suspended by a
    rope or cord
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32
Q

GUST- (gusto)

A

‘to taste’

  • dis-GUST;
  • GUST-at-ion, the sense of taste, the
    act of tasting;
  • de-GUST-at-ion, the act of tasting;
  • GUSTO-meter, an apparatus used to
    determine taste thresholds
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33
Q

HAUST- (haurio → haustum)

A

‘to draw out’, ‘to drink’

  • ex-HAUST-ion;
  • HAUST-ellum, a proboscis adapted
    for sucking;
  • HAUST-orium, an organ of certain
    parasitic protozoa by which they
    attach themselves to the host
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34
Q

INSUL- (insula)

A

‘island’

  • INSUL-ate;
  • PEN-INSULA; INSULA, that
    portion of the cortex overlying the
    corpus striatum
  • INSUL-oma, a tumour arising from
    the cells of the islets of the pancreas;
  • INSUL-in, the antidiabetic hormone
    arising from the islets of Langerhans
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35
Q

JUNCT-, JUG- (iungo → iunctus; jugum)

A

‘to join’; ‘yoke’

  • JUNCT-ion;
  • sub-JUG-ate;
  • con-JUG-at-ion, the temporary union
    or complete fusion of two gametes or
    unicellular organisms, or the pairing
    of chromosomes;
  • dis-JUNCT-ion divergence of paired
    chromosomes at anaphase
36
Q

LEV- (laevus)

A

‘left’ (direction), ‘left hand’

  • LEVO-DUCT-ion, movement to the
    left, especially of the eye;
  • LEVO-GYR-ate or LEVO-ROT-ary,
    rotating the plane of polarized light
    to the left
    NOTE: don’t confuse with homonymous LEV-
    ‘light’ of List 9.
37
Q

LOC- (locus)

A

‘place’

  • LOC-al; al-LOC-ate;
  • LOCO-MOT-ion;
  • LOC-ellus, a small compartment of
    an ovary;
  • BI-LOC-ul-ar, containing two
    cavities or chambers
38
Q

LUN(A)- (luna)

A

‘moon’

  • LUN-ate, crescent-shaped;
  • SEMI-LUN-ar, half-moon-shaped;
  • LUN-ette, the transparent lower
    eyelid of snakes
39
Q

MACUL- (macula)

A

‘spot’, ‘stain’, ‘blot’

  • im-MACUL-ate;
  • MACULA, a spot or patch of colour,
    or a small pit or depression;
  • MACULA LUTEA, the yellow spot
    on the retina, the point of clearest
    vision;
  • MACUL-at-ion, the arrangement of
    spots on a plant or animal
    TIP: the Latin macula became the modern Italian
    macchia. English speakers encounter it most when
    ordering a macchiato coffee, so-called because it
    looks “blotted”
40
Q

MAGN- (magnus)

A

‘large’, ‘great’

  • MAGN-ate;
  • MAGN-ANIM-ous;
  • MAGNI-LOQU-ent;
  • MAGNI-fy, cause to appear larger;
  • MAGN-itude, spacial quality or size
41
Q

MAMM- (mamma)

A

‘breast’

  • MAMM-al;
  • MAMM-il-itis, inflammation of the
  • MAM-illa, or nipple
42
Q

MENT- (mens, mentis)

A

‘mind’

  • MENT-at-ion, the mechanism of
    thought, mental activity;
  • de-MENT-ia, deterioration or loss of
    the intellectual faculties, the
    reasoning power, etc.
    NOTE: not to be confused with the homonymous
    MENT- ‘chin’ of List 6.
43
Q

MORT- (mors, mortis)

A

‘death’

  • MORT-al, liable to death or causing
    death;
  • MORT-al-ity, the quality of being
    mortal or the death rate;
  • NATI-MORT-al-ity, the proportion
    of stillbirths to the general birth rate
44
Q

NERV- (nervus)

A

‘nerve’, ‘vein of insect wing or leaf’

  • TRI-NERV-ate, having three veins
    or ribs running from the bast to the
    margin of a leaf;
  • ab-NERV-al, away from a nerve (of
    the direction of an electric current
    passing through muscle fibres away
    from the point of entrance of a
    nerve)
45
Q

NOC-, NOX- (noxa. cf. nocere “to harm”)

A

‘harm’

  • in-NOC-ent;
  • NOCI-FENS-or, efferent fibres
    which release chemical substances at
    their terminals, thus stimulating pain
    endings;
  • NOCI-per-CEPT-ion, perception of
    pain by the central nervous system
46
Q

NOCT- (nox, noctis)

A

‘night’

  • NOCTI-phobia, morbid fear of night;
  • per-NOCT-at-ion, staying up all
    night;
  • NOCT-VAG-ant, going about in the
    night, night-wandering
47
Q

OST- (ostium)

A

‘door’, ‘opening’

  • OSTIUM, any mouthlike opening,
    such as the opening of the fallopian
    tubes;
  • OSTI-ole, the opening of a
    conceptacle, perithecium, stoma, or
    another sac, or the inhalant aperture
    of a sponge
    NOTE: don’t confuse with Greek root OST- ‘bone’
    of List 1.
48
Q

PAR-, PART- (pario → partum)

A

‘to give birth to’, ‘to produce’

  • MULTI-PAR-ous, bearing more than
    one offspring at a time;
  • BI-PAR-ous, having two young at a
    time;
  • RAMI-PAR-ous, producing
    branches,
  • OCTI-PARA, a woman who has
    been in labour eight times
49
Q

PART- (pars, partis)

A

‘part’, ‘to divide’

  • PARTI-CIP-ate;
  • PART-ic-ul-ar;
  • BI-PART-ite, having two parts;
  • DIGITI-PART-ite, having leaves
    divided in a hand-like pattern
50
Q

PAT- (patior)

A

‘to spread or lie open’

  • PAT-ent, open, exposed;
  • pre-PAT-ent period, the period in
    parasitic disease between the
    introduction of the organism and its
    demonstration in the body
51
Q

PECTOR- (pectus, pectoris)

A

‘breast’, ‘breastbone’

  • PECTOR-al, pertaining to the chest,
    in the chest region;
  • MEDIO-PECTOR-al, applies to the
    middle part of the sternum;
  • ex-PECTOR-at-ion, ejection of
    material from the mouth
52
Q

PED- (pes, pedis)

A

‘foot’

  • PED-al;
  • im-PEDE;
  • ex-PED-ient;
  • PEDI-cel, any slender stalk,
    especially one that supports a
    fruiting or spore-bearing organ;
  • SCUTI-PED, having the foot or part
    of the foot covered by scutella
53
Q

PELL- (pellis)

A

‘skin’

  • PELL-icle, a thin skin or film, such
    as a film on the surface of a liquid
    NOTE: don’t confuse with PEL(L)- ‘push’ of List 10.
54
Q

PEND-, PENS- (pendo → pensus)

A

‘to hang’, ‘to weigh’, ‘to pay’

  • de-PEND;
  • im-PEND;
  • ex-PENS-ive;
  • com-PENS-at-ion, a psychic
    phenomenon in which strong of guilt
    or inferiority prompt excessive
    defensive reactions
55
Q

PET-, PETIT- (peto → petitus)

A

‘to seek’

  • PET-it-ion;
  • com-PET-it-ion;
  • PET-ul-ant;
  • RECTI-PET-al-ity, the tendency to
    rectilinear growth;
  • ACRO-PET-al, ascending (applies to
    leaves, flowers or roots developing
    successively from an axis so that the
    youngest arise at the apex)
56
Q

PIL- (pilus)

A

‘hair’

  • PIL-ose, hairy, downy;
  • PILI-FER-ous, bearing or producing
    hair;
  • PILI-MIC-at-ion, the passing of
    urine containing hairlike filaments
57
Q

PISC- (piscis)

A

‘fish’

  • PISC-ine, of, relating to, having the
    characteristics of fish;
  • PISCI-VOR-ous, fish-eating
58
Q

PLUM- (pluma)

A

‘feather’

  • PLUMI-GER-ous, feathered;
  • PULVI-PLUME, a powder-down
    feather
59
Q

PRED- (praeda)

A

‘prey’

  • PRED-at-ism, the habit or practice of
    living by predation;
  • PRED-acious, preying on other
    animals;
  • PRED-ac-ity, quality or state of
    being predacious
60
Q

PRESS- (premo → pressus)

A

‘to press’

  • de-PRESS-ion,
  • im-PRESS-ion,
  • re-PRESS,
  • op-PRESS-ion;
  • de-PRESSO-MOT-or, any nerve
    which lowers muscular activity
61
Q

PROPRI- (proprius)

A

‘one’s own’

  • ap-PROPRI-ate;
  • ex-PROPRI-ate;
  • im-PROPRI-ety;
  • PROPRIO-SPIN-al, pertaining
    wholly to the spinal cord (applies to
    fibres)
62
Q

RACEM- (racemus)

A

‘cluster of grapes or berries’

  • RACEM-ose, arranged in a cluster,
    or bearing flowers in clusters;
  • RACEM-ic acid, named from its
    being found in the juice of grapes
63
Q

RIM- (rima)

A

‘crack’, ‘chink’

  • RIM-ate, having fissures;
  • RIM-iform, in the shape of a narrow
    fissure;
  • BI-RIM-ose, having two clefts or
    slits
64
Q

ROD-, ROS- (rodo → rosum)

A

‘to gnaw’

  • ROD-ent;
  • cor-ROS-ive, a substance which
    destroys organic tissue by chemical
    means or by inflammation;
  • e-ROS-ion, an eating, gnawing or
    wearing away
65
Q

ROT- (rota)

A

‘wheel’

  • ROT-ate, shaped like a wheel,
    rotiform;
  • ROT-ul-iform, shaped like a small
    wheel;
  • MUTA-ROT-at-ion, a change in
    optical rotation of solutions of
    certain sugars
66
Q

SALI- (-SILI-), SALT- (-SULT-) (salio;
saltus)

A

‘to leap’, ‘to jump’

  • ex-ULT;
  • re-SULT;
  • con-SULT;
  • in-SULT, trauma or other stress to
    tissues or organs;
  • SALTI-GRADE, moving by leaps as
    some insects
67
Q

SEB- (sebum)

A

‘grease’, ‘tallow’

  • SEBUM, the oily secretion of the
    SEB-aceous glands which lubricates
    and protects the hair and skin;
  • SEBO-RRHEA, a disease of the
    sebaceous glands, characterized by
    an excessive secretion or disturbed
    quality of sebum
68
Q

SEC-, SEG-, SECT- (seco → sectus)

A

‘to cut’

  • in-SECT;
  • re-SECT-ion, the operation of
    cutting out as the removal of a
    segment or section of an organ;
  • SECT-or-ial, formed or adapted for
    cutting, as certain teeth
69
Q

SED- (-SID-), SESS- (sedo; sessus)

A

‘to sit’, ‘to settle’

  • re-SIDE;
  • pre-SID-ent;
  • SESS-ion;
  • in-SESS-or-ial, adapted for perching;
  • re-SID-ual, pertaining to that which
    cannot be evacuated or discharged
    (as residual air in the lungs, residual
    urine in the bladder)
70
Q

SENS-, SENT- (sentio → sensum)

A

‘to feel’, ‘to perceive’

  • SENT-ence;
  • con-SENT;
  • as-SENT;
  • dis-SENT;
  • SENS-ile, capable of affecting a
    sense;
  • SENTI-ent, of cells that are sensitive
    and perceptive;
  • SENS-illa, a small sense organ
71
Q

SET- (seta)

A

‘bristle’

  • SETA, any bristle-like structure, as
    the sporophore of liverworts and
    mosses;
  • SETI-GER, a segment or process
    bearing bristles
72
Q

SOL- (sol, solis)

A

‘sun’

  • SOL-arium;
  • in-SOL-at-ion, exposure to the sun’s
    rays;
  • SOL-ASTER-idae, a family of
    starfishes, typically brightly coloured
    and having numerous arms
73
Q

SOMN- (somnus)

A

‘sleep’

  • SOMNI-FACI-ent, a medicine
    producing sleep, a hypnotic;
  • SOMNI-FUG-ous, driving away
    sleep;
  • hyper-SOMN-ia, excessive
    sleepiness
74
Q

SORB-, SORPT- (sorbeo)

A

‘to suck in’

  • ab-SORPT-ion, in physiology, the
    taking up of fluids or gases through
    osmosis and capillarity, or
    infiltration into the skin, or
    incorporation into the body through
    blood and lymph
75
Q

SQUAM- (squama)

A

‘scale’

  • SQUAMI-FER-ous, bearing scales;
  • e-SQUAM-ate, having no scales;
  • SQUAM-ul-ate, having minute
    scales
76
Q

STRING-, STRICT- (stringo → strictus)

A

‘to draw tight’

  • STRICT, stiffly upright, rigid, erect;
  • a-STRING-ent, an agent that
    produces contraction of organic
    tissues or arrests haemorrhage,
    diarrhea, etc.
77
Q

TEN- (-TIN-), TENT- (teneo → tentus)

A

‘to hold’

  • TEN-ant;
  • con-TIN-uous;
  • de-TENT-ion;
  • in-con-TIN-ent, not having the
    ability to control the natural
    evacuations, as the faeces or urine;
  • sus-TIN-acul-ar, supporting (applies
    to connective tissue acting as a
    supporting framework for an organ
    NOTE: this one can look like some of the forms of
    TEND- ‘stretch’ of List 10.
78
Q

TER(R)- (terra)

A

‘earth’

  • TERR-aneous, applies to land
    vegetation;
  • TERRI-COL-ous, living in the earth
    NOTE: not to be confused with TER- ‘3’ of List 10.
79
Q

TRACT- (traho → tractus)

A

‘to draw’, ‘to drag’

  • TRACT-or;
  • at-TRACT-ive;
  • dis-TRACT-ile, widely separate
    (usually applies to long-stalked
    anthers);
  • CEPHALO-TRACT-or, obstetric
    forceps
80
Q

TUBER- (tuber)

A

‘swelling’

  • TUBER, a thickened, fleshy
    underground stem with surface buds;
  • TUBER-iform, resembling or shaped
    like a tuber;
  • TUBER-in, a simple protein of the
    globular type which occurs in
    potatoes
81
Q

UTER- (uterus)

A

‘womb’

  • UTER-ismus, uterine contraction of
    a spasmodic and painful character;
  • UTERO-GEST-at-ion, the part of the
    gestation period passed in the uterus;
  • UTRI-cle or UTRI-culus, an air
    bladder of aquatic plants, or the
    membranous sac of the ear labyrinth
82
Q

VACU- (vacuus)

A

‘empty’

  • VACUUM;
  • VACU-ole, one of the spaces in cell
    protoplasm containing air, sap or
    partially digested food;
  • VACU-ol-is-at-ion, the formation of
    vacuoles
83
Q

VAS- (vas)

A

‘vessel’

  • VASE;
  • VAS-cul-ar, consisting of or
    containing vessels adapted for
    transmission or circulation of fluid;
  • CARDIO-VAS-cul-ar, pertaining to
    the heart and blood vessels;
  • VASO-di-LAT-ion, relaxing or
    enlarging the vessels
84
Q

VEH-, VECT- (veho → vectus)

A

‘to carry’

  • ad-VEH-ent, afferent, carrying to an
    organ;
  • con-VECT-ion, a transmission or
    carrying, as of heat;
  • VECT-or
85
Q

VIT- (vita)

A

‘life’

  • VIT-al, pertaining to or necessary for
    life;
  • AQUA VITAE, spirit or eau-de-vie
86
Q

VIV- (vivus)

A

‘living’

  • sur-VIVE; VIV-id;
  • VIV-acious;
  • VIVI-dif-FUS-ion, passage of
    diffusible substances from the blood
    of a living animal;
  • VIV-PAR-ous, bringing forth the
    young alive
87
Q

VOR- (voro)

A

‘to eat’

  • VOR-acious;
  • HERBI-VOR-ous, living on
    vegetable food;
  • FUNGI-VOR-ous, fungus-eating
    animals and plants;
  • in-SECTI-VOR-ous, living on
    insects

CLA201 (9 decks)

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