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E&E > vocab > Flashcards

vocab Flashcards

1
Q

raised river bank that results when a river deposits its load at the rivers edge

A

natural levee

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2
Q

body of rock through which large amounts of water can flow and much water is stored

A

aquifer

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3
Q

part of the valley floor that may be covered w water during a flood

A

floodplain

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4
Q

a small stream of water whose source is groundwater that has reached the surface

A

spring

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5
Q

land from which water runs off into streams

A

drainage basin

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6
Q

how freely water passes through open spaces in rock/sediment

A

permeability

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7
Q

layer of groundwater where all pores are full

A

zone of saturation

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8
Q

cone shaped calcite deposit built up from the floor of a calvern

A

stalagmite

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9
Q

underground water that fills almost all the pores in rock and sediment

A

groundwater

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10
Q

feeder streams that flow into a main river

A

tributary

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11
Q

upper surface of the zone of saturation

A

water table

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12
Q

curves in a river

A

meander

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13
Q

refers to the percentage of open spaces in rock or sediment

A

porosity

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14
Q

large, coarser sand, gravel and pebbles that move along the bottom

A

bed load

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15
Q

cone shaped calcite deposit suspended from the ceiling of a cavern

A

stalactite

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16
Q

the path that a stream follows

A

channel

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17
Q

the unending circulation of earth’s water supply

A

water cycle

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18
Q

remove as much suspended solids as possible before the remaining water, called effluent, is discharged back to the environment

A

wastewater treatment

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19
Q

land from which water runs off into streams

A

watershed

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20
Q

ridges or elevated regions of high ground that separate watersheds

A

divide

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21
Q

beginning of a stream

A

headwaters

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22
Q

streams radiate outwards from a central high point

A

radial

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23
Q

shape determined by underlying rocks

A

rectangular

24
Q

streams that are parallel with tributaries forming right angles

A

trellis

25
Q

water flow resembles branches on a tree and is most common

A

dendritic

26
Q

process of lengthening and branching of a stream

A

headward erosion

27
Q

the capture of a stream in one watershed by a stream with a higher rate of erosion in another watershed

A

stream piracy

28
Q

material carried by a stream

A

stream load

29
Q

mineral matter transported in liquid solution

A

dissolved load

30
Q

particles of fine grains and silt suspended in the water

A

suspended load

31
Q

distance the water travels in a period of time

A

velocity

32
Q

volume of water moved by a stream within a given time

A

discharge

33
Q

steepness of a streams slope

A

gradient

34
Q

underwater deposit of sediment at the mouth of a stream into a lake or ocean

A

delta

35
Q

fan shaped deposit at the base of a slope on land

A

alluvial fan

36
Q

straight, erodes rapidly, v-shaped, few tributaries, has waterfalls and rapids

A

young river

37
Q

meandering, slow erosion, U-shaped, lots of tributaries, holds lots of water

A

mature river

38
Q

part of the valley floor that may be covered with natural water during a flood

A

floodplain

39
Q

gradient and velocity decreases, no more erosion, more meandering

A

old river

40
Q

eastern mounds built on the banks of a river

-can be made of concrete, sandbags etc

A

artificial levee

41
Q

store flood water and let it out slowly

A

flood control dams

42
Q

refers to the percentage of open spaces in rock or sediment

A

porosity

43
Q

tock or sediment that water canot flow through

A

impermeable

44
Q

zone that lies between water table and surface (remains dry except rainfall)

A

zone of aeration

45
Q

a hole that is dug below the water table and fills with groundwater

A

well

46
Q

cone shaped depression in water table around a well

A

cone of depression

47
Q

well in which water flows freely w no pumping necessary

A

artesian well

48
Q

hot groundwater that rises to surface before cooling

A

hot spring

49
Q

hot springs that erupt periodically

A

geyser

50
Q

water that contains large amounts of dissolved minerals

A

hard water

51
Q

large cave with connecting chambers

A

caverns

52
Q

depression formed when the roof of a cavern collapses

A

sinkhole

53
Q

topography characterized by sinkholes, ponds, lost river,s and underground drainage (dissolve easily)

A

karst topography

54
Q

removing salt from ocean water

A

desalination

55
Q

movement of saltwater into freshwater aquifers caused by over pumping of wells in coastal areas

A

saltwater intrusion

56
Q

sources of pollution- water dumps, underground storage tanks, agriculture and lawn fertilizers, pesticides, leaking sewage

A

conserving groundwater

E&E (17 decks)

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