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E&E > MIDTERM > Flashcards

MIDTERM Flashcards

1
Q

trapping of the sun’s energy by Earth

A

Greenhouse Effect

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2
Q

lines that connect points of equal pressure

A

Isobars

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3
Q

lines that connect points of equal temp

A

Isotherm

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4
Q

gas–> liquid

A

Condensation

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5
Q

liquid–> gas

A

Evaporation

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6
Q

the temperature at which water vapor condenses at the same rate it evaporates

A

dew point

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7
Q

thin and whispy high clouds; ice crystals; fair weather

A

cirrus cloud

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8
Q

low sheets; covering ;rain

A

stratus cloud

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9
Q

piled thick fluffy masses “piles” good weather

A

cumulus cloud

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10
Q

large clouds produce very large thunderstorms

A

cumulonimbus

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11
Q

boundary between 2 air masses having different temps and humidity

A

air front

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12
Q

a large body of air that has the same temp and humidity throughout

A

air mass

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13
Q

a transition zone where warm air mass replaces cold

A

warm front

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14
Q

a transition zone where a cold air mass replaces warm

A

cold front

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15
Q

front is stalled

A

stationary front

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16
Q

a tool that measures relative humidity

A

psychrometer

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17
Q

instrument that measures wind speed

A

anemometer

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18
Q

definition of wind and ocean currents due to earth’s rotation

A

coriolis effect

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19
Q

water that falls from atmosphere to earth

A

precipitation

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20
Q

pressure that the air exerts on the earth

A

air pressure

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21
Q

small balloon carried observatory which carries a radio transmitter

A

radiosonde

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22
Q

anywhere a river joins the ocean and freshwater mixes with salt water

A

estuary

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23
Q

all of the non-living things in an environment

A

abiotic factors

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24
Q

all of the living things in an environment

A

biotic factors

25
Q

factors that limit the size of a population and only exist because the size of the population got too big

A

density dependent factors

26
Q

biotic factors in an area and the abiotic factors that impact them

A

ecosystem

27
Q

the place where an organism lives out its life

A

habitat

28
Q

the role of a species has in its environment

A

niche

29
Q

intense rainfall, many different species, warm climate, located near equator, many different niches, and little humus

A

tropical rain forest

30
Q

large communities covered in grass and other similar plants, little tree life bc dry seasons, hella humus

A

grasslands

31
Q

bit warmer than tundra, bit more rainfall, long severe winters, short mild summers, large animals, also called “Boreal Forest”

A

taiga

32
Q

region on earth where living organisms are found

A

biosphere

33
Q

the number of organisms of one species that a habitat or environment can hold

A

carrying capacity

34
Q

the place in the orbit of a planet is farthest from the sun

A

aphelion

35
Q

the point in the orbit of the planet where its closest to the sun

A

perihelion

36
Q

the way in which the sun provides energy; occurs when less massive nuclei combine with massive nuclei to create a rly big nuclei

A

nuclear fusion

37
Q

a group of stars, dust, and gases held together by gravity

A

galaxy

38
Q

List the layers of the atmosphere in order from ground up and describe what happens in each layer

A

troposphere-temp increases as you get higher
stratosphere- ozone layer where planes fly
mesosphere- VERY HOT!; space shuttles and auroras
exosphere- atoms escape into space, satellites orbit

39
Q

what is the main cause of air pollution?

A

the burning of fossil fuels

40
Q

what is acid rain and what are the pollutants that contribute to it

A

Acid drops that fall to the ground made up of nitrate and sulfate particles that come from burning fossil feuls

41
Q

what are the most common greenhouse gases?

A 
Water vapor 
Carbon dioxide 
Methane 
Nitrous oxide 
Ozone 
Chlorofluorocarbons
42
Q

what is the purpose of the ozone layer?

A

absorbs 99% of harmful UV rays from the sun

43
Q

what are low-pressure systems called and what kind of weather do we associate with them?

A

cyclones- cloudy wet and stormy weather

44
Q

What does a rising barometer indicate? A falling barometer?

A

rising barometer- cool,dry weather

falling barometer-warm,humid weather-predictor of storms

45
Q

What is the difference between El Niño and La Nina?

A

El Niño- periodic warming of the ocean that occurs in the central and eastern pacific
El Niña- surface temperatures in the eastern pacific are cooler than usual

46
Q

what is the difference between a frontal thunderstorm and an air mass thunderstorm?

A

Air-mass thunderstorm- form in warm, moist airmass occur in spring/summer and last up to an hour
Frontal Thunderstorms- occur in lines along a frontal surface, are stronger and can last several hours-create flooding and heavy rain

47
Q

What scale is used to categorize tornado intensity? Hurricane intensity?

A

tornadoes- fujita scale

hurricanes- saffir-simspon scale

48
Q

What is the most damaging part of a hurricane

A

storm surge

49
Q

Difference between and land breeze and sea breeze

A

sea breeze is daytime and land breeze is night

50
Q

What are 3 ways heat is transferred through the Earth’s atmosphere?

A

convection, conduction, radiation

51
Q

What happens in the carbon cycle?

A

driven by photosynthesis and cellular respiration

52
Q

What happens in the Water cycle?

A

water is evaporated by the sun and creates clouds, clouds condensate and become too heavy and rain, runoff back into rivers and ground, plants

53
Q

differences between herbivore, omnivore, carnivore, scavenger and decomposer

A

herbivore- no meat or fungi; vegetation only
omnivore- eats everything; fruit, veggies, meat, fungi
carnivore- only eats meat
scavenger- eats leftover carcasses of animals
decomposer- mushroom/fungi that breakdown material into soil

54
Q

difference between a J-shaped curve and S-shaped curve

A

J-shaped: Exponential growth when # of organisms increase by an ever rising rate
S-shape: Logistic growth when a populations growth slows or stops following a period of exponential growth

55
Q

How does the amount of available energy change as you move through trophic levels?

A

100%–>10%–>.1% with every passing level, 90% of energy is lost

56
Q

What causes earth’s seasons?

A

The tilt of Earth’s axis (23.5%)

57
Q

What causes day and night on earth?

A

The rotation of earth about the sun

58
Q

what are kepler’s 3 laws of planetary motion?

A
  1. planets orbit the sun in an elliptical path
  2. planets move fastest when they’re closest to the sun in their orbits
  3. the farther away the planet orbits, the longer it takes to revolve around the sun
59
Q

Describe the geocentric model of the solar system?

A

where the earth is placed at the center of the universe

E&E (17 decks)

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