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E&E > Ecology Quiz > Flashcards

Ecology Quiz Flashcards

1
Q

all of the non-living things in an environment

A

Abiotic factors

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2
Q

all of the living things in an environment

A

Biotic factors

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3
Q

the place where an organism lives out its life

A

Habitat

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4
Q

the role a species has in its environment

A

Niche

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5
Q

the ability of an organism to withstand changes in abiotic or biotic factors around them

A

Tolerance

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6
Q

when different species live and interact in a close and permanent association

A

Symbiosis

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7
Q

name the 3 types of Symbiotic Relationships

A

Mutualism, Parasitism and Commensalism

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8
Q

when both species benefit from association

A

Mutualism

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9
Q

when one benefits and one is harmed

A

Parasitism

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10
Q

what is the species being harmed in a parasitic relationship called?

A

Host

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11
Q

when one benefits and one is unaffected

A

Commensalism

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12
Q

a group of organisms, of different species that interact with each other

A

Community

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13
Q

biotic factors in an area and the abiotic factors that impact them

A

Ecosystem

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14
Q

region on the earth where living organisms are found (including ocean)

A

Biosphere

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15
Q

the variety of life- different species of organisms as well as the genetic variety within a species

A

Biodiversity

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16
Q

Why is biodiversity important in nature?

A
  • more biodiversity= stabler ecosystems

- cannot maintain a food web without it

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17
Q

a simple model that shows the flow of energy in an ecosystem

A

Food chain

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18
Q

a more complicated model that shows all of the feeding situations in an ecosystem

A

Food web

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19
Q

species not native to a particular area, but now live and thrive in their new environment
-no natural predators

A

Invasive/Exotic Species

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20
Q

examples of invasive species in NC

A

Kudzu, European Gypsy moth, Rifa(fire ants)

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21
Q

natural changes and the replacement of different species in the communities of an ecosystem

A

Succession

22
Q

the first arrival of communities of organisms in a formerly lifeless area

A

Primary Succession

23
Q

the very first species to colonize in an area

A

Pioneer species

24
Q

moving from a familiar habitat to a new unfamiliar area

A

Colonization

25
Q

changes in a community that occur when a natural/unnatural disaster destroys most of the individuals in a community

A

Secondary Succession

26
Q

A stable mature community that undergoes little to no succession

A

Climax Community

27
Q

a large group of ecosystems that share the same type of climax community

A

biome

28
Q

biomes that are found in salt water

A

marine biome

29
Q

the portion of the marine biome that is shallow enough for light to penetrate

A

photic zone

30
Q

deeper water that never receives sunlight

A

aphotic zone

31
Q

anywhere where a new river joins the ocean and freshwater mixes with saltwater

A

estuary

32
Q

temperate zone estuaries dominated by salt tolerant grasses

A

salt marsh

33
Q

the area that is completely covered by water at high tide, but exposed at low tide

A

intertidal zone

34
Q

no salt in the water

A

freshwater biomes

35
Q

the amount of rainfall and the average yearly temperature determine what?

A

what type of terrestrial biome you’re in (climographs)

36
Q
  • extremely dry not always hot
  • very little vegetation
  • large areas of no life
A

desert

37
Q
  • large communities covered in grasses and other similar plants
  • usually has dry seasons so that little tree life can be supported
  • humus
A

temperate grasslands

38
Q

dead, decaying, plant and animal matter which helps make up the underlying soil

A

humus

39
Q
  • medium precipitation, noticeable seasons
  • trees everywhere and must lose their leaves annually
  • clay found under humus
  • we live in temperate forest
A

temperate forest

40
Q
  • characterized by intense rainfall, many species from all kingdoms and warm climates
  • located near equator
  • different levels within the forests providing many different niches
  • little humus because dead organisms decompose quickly
A

tropical rain forests

41
Q
  • cold little rainfall
  • permafrost
  • short season of growing plants is a strong limiting factor
  • few large animals
  • horrible dark winters
  • north canada
A

tundra

42
Q

permanently frozen ground that occurs because the temperature rarely reaches above freezing

A

permafrost

43
Q
  • a bit warmer than tundra, bit more rainfall
  • long severe winters short, mild summers
  • more large animals than in the tundra
  • called boreal forest in less barren areas
A

Taiga

44
Q

primary succession is short or long period of time

A

long

45
Q

secondary succession is short or long period of time

A

short

46
Q

food web requires…

A

Biodiversity

47
Q

freshwater is mostly photic or aphotic?

A

photic

48
Q

marine is mostly photic or aphotic?

A

aphotic

49
Q

tundra has few..

A

large animals

50
Q

taiga has noticeable…

A

seasons

51
Q

grasslands has few…

A

trees

E&E (17 decks)

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