Vocab Flashcards
1-more single adults 2-postponed marriages (education/career) 3-decreased chidbearing 4-more women are employed 5-more divorce 6-more single parent families 7-more children living in poverty 8-more remarriage 9-more multigenerational families
How have families changed in the last half of the 20th century?
– –. anxiety or uneasiness that new residents may feel upon attempting to assimilate a new culture and its traditions
Acculturation stress
___ ____ Parenting. a mixture of authoritative and authoritarian parenting styles that is associated with favorable outcomes in African-American families
No-nonsense parenting
- adoptive parents/children share no genes, and the rearing environments provided may not be as closely compatible of this that they would have for their biological children
- also, many adoptees have been neglected/abused prior to adoption
adopted children are more likely to show learning and emotional difficulties than other children
- they are a TINY bit more likely to be gay (but barely)
- there’s literally no difference
child outcomes in gay and lesbian families?
(i.e., are there any consistent differences between children of gay/lesbian families and children of heterosexual families?)
different studies say different things
- some say it leads to higher levels of anxiety, poor academic performance, more delinquent/antisocial conduct - others say that none of these things happen - in general, it’s probably to impact low SES and younger kids a lot more
Research on developmental outcomes of self-care (or latchkey) children
a willingness to strive to succeed at challenging tasks and to meet high standards of accomplishment
achievement motivation
a desire to acheive in order to satisfy one’s personal needs for competence or mastery
intrinsic orientation
a desire to achieve in order to earn external incentives such as grades, prizes, or the approval of others
extrinsic orientation
disposition describing one’s tendency to approach challenging tasks and take pride in mastering them
motive to achieve success
disposition describing one’s tendency to shy away from challenging tasks so as to avoid the embarrassment of failing
motive to avoid failure
a tendency to persist at challenging tasks because of a belief that one has the ability to succeed and/or that earlier failures can be overcome by trying harder
mastery orientation
a tendency to give up or to stop trying after failing because these failures have been attributed to a lack of ability that one can do little about
learned helplessness orientation
therapeutic intervention in which helpless children are persuaded to attribute failures to their lack of effort rather than a lack of ability
What is attribution retraining?
- parents who stress independence training (doing things on one’s own)
- parents who stress direct achievement training (setting high but attainable standards for kids and stressing doing things well)
- parents who are not overly critical of occasional failures
- Authoritative parenting style
What type of child-rearing practices foster achievement motivation?
- parents adjust their expectancies to the actual ability (competence) of their children
- the higher the expectancies are, the more successful they will be
How do parent expectancies influence child achievement?
the use of computers to teach new concepts and practice academic skills
What is computer-assisted instruction?
1-benefits cognitive skills and academic performance
2-benefits social skills (closer friendships, able to explore emerging sexual identities in an anonymous way)
3-benefits health-(research sexual risk/matters, and other illnesses esp in developing countries)
What are some benefits of internet exposure?
1-violent video games can instigate aggression
2-lack of access to the internet is leaving lower SES kids behind
3-kids can be exposed to inappropriate content on the web
4-internet is used for recruiting cults/hate organizations etc.
What are some concerns with computer usage?
___ ___: noncircular objectives of schooling such as teaching children to cooperate, respect authority, obey rules, and become good citizens
What is an informal curriculum?
- A phenomenon whereby characteristics of the student and of the school environment interact to affect student outcomes, such that any given educational practice may be effective with some students but not with other
What is aptitude-treatment interaction (ATI)?
Mixed-age interactions tend to be unbalanced, with one child (the older one) possessing more power than the others, but this might help children acquire certain social competencies
What are the benefits and drawbacks of engaging in mixed-age interactions?
___ ___ are thoughts, actions, and emotional regulatory activities that enable children to achieve personal or social goals while maintaining harmony with their social partners.
Social Skills
_____ describes the child’s willingness to engage other in social interaction and to seek their attention or approval.
Sociabilty
