Peers

Question 1

Two or more persons who are operating at similar levels of behavioral complexity - social equals

Answer 1

Peer

Question 2

___ ____’s work with rhesus monkeys.Both groups socially abnormal. Mother only avoided peers and were aggressive through adulthood. Peer only clung to peers and mutually attached to one another. Aggressive outside of peer group, highly agitated over minor stresses.

Answer 2

Peer vs. Parental Influence: Harlow’s Monkey Research

Question 3

Sociability in ____. Babies are interested in other babies….babbling, smiling, offering toys, gesturing

Answer 3

Sociability in infancy

Question 4

Sociability in ____. View peers as responsive toys…coordinated interactions with age mates… play has strong verbal component

Answer 4

Sociability in toddlerhood.

Question 5

Sociability in ____. Nonsocial play, parallel play, associative play, and cooperative play. Parten (1932)

Answer 5

Sociability in preschool

Question 6

Sociability in ____. “Peer groups”: (1) interact on reg basis, (2) define sense of belonging, (3) formulate norms or appearance and behavior, (4) develop structure and organization.

Answer 6

Sociability in middle childhood.

Question 7

Sociability in ____. Cliques: small group (2-8) of friends who share common interests and activities.

crowds: large, reputation ally-based peer group who may or may not interact on a regular basis

Answer 7

Sociability in adolescence

Question 8

Parten (1932) playing alone or observing or not playing at all

Answer 8

Nonsocial activities

Question 9

Parten (1932) playing near other children but not interacting but copying actions

Answer 9

Parallel play

Question 10

Parten (1932) children are interested in other people but not in coordinating play together, interaction, but actives aren’t in sync

Answer 10

Associative play

Question 11

Parten (1932) child is interested in the people playing and the activity they are partaking in. Organized play, participants have assigned roles

Answer 11

cooperative roles

Question 12

Small group (2-8) of friends who share common interests and activities

Answer 12

Cliques

Question 13

Large, reputationally-based peer group who may or may not interact on a regular basis

Answer 13

Crowds

Question 14

“name three kids in your class you would most like to play with”

“name three kids in your class you would least like to play with”

The kids know themselves best

Most reliable version of data

Answer 14

Sociometric Procedure

Question 15

Sociometric categories. Rated by many children as someone they would most like to spend time with.

Answer 15

Popular

Question 16

Sociometric categories. Rated by many children as someone they would least like to spend time with

Answer 16

Rejected

Question 17

Sociometric categories. Not mentioned by many children on the survey

Answer 17

neglected

Question 18

Sociometric categories. Some children would like to spend time with them, others would not like to

Answer 18

controversal

Question 19

Social ____. Do people notice you?

____ = liking score + disliking score

Answer 19

Social impact. Do people know you?

Question 20

Social _____. Do your peers like you as a person?

____ = liking score - disliking score

Answer 20

Social Preference. Do your peers like you as a person?

Question 21

Behavioral aspects of ____. Calm, outgoing, friendly, initiate interactions, kind, solve disputes

Answer 21

Popular

Question 22

Behavioral aspects of ____. Passive, shy, lack on social assertiveness, lack social skills

Answer 22

neglected

Question 23

Behavioral aspects of ____: – –. Physical or relational aggression towards peers. Interpret hostility in other’s behaviors, overestimate social standing

Answer 23

Aggressive Rejected

Question 24

Behavioral aspects of ____: – – socially awkward and anxious. Aware of their social standing, withdraw from peers, most likely victims of bullying

Answer 24

Withdrawn Rejected

Question 25

Why are children – – or – by their peers?

Parents (sensitive=accepted parents, hostile/uninvolved = disliked)

Temperament (irritable = problematic relations)

Cognitive skills (pop have good role taking skills and are higher acdademically)

Attractiveness (beauty is good, body build)

Answer 25

Why Are Children Accepted, Neglected, or Rejected by Peers?

Question 26

AKA Bullying.

One child attempts to physically or psychologically harm another child who is either weaker or perceived as weaker

Results in one child becoming the victim in the relationship

Answer 26

Peer Victimization

Question 27

Aggressive (put themselves into situations that cause others to bully them)

Emotions (Anger, emotionally reactive)

Perhaps children like to watch other children “blow up”

Provocation?

Answer 27

Why are some kids chronic victims

Question 28

Buffer effect (one supportive friend can drastically reduce the negative effects of victimization, problematic family environments, rejection)

Teaching Social Problem-Solving

Prepare for Adult Romantic Relationships (teaches intimacy, self-disclosure, caring and compassionate attitudes)

Answer 28

Advantages of friendships

Question 29

Findings – (19–) Antisocial confirmity to peers increases from 3rd-9th grade then declines, peaks in 9th grade.

Related to the child’s evaluations of those behaviors

Relationship between age change:
3rd grade: side with parents over peers
6th: peer influence increase with no change in parent/child conflict
9th: opposition between parens and peers is stronger
11th-12th: peer conformity decreases, some opposition between parent and peer conformity but not much

Answer 29

Conformity to Peers


Berndt (1979) findings

Question 30

Ingredients for successful adolescents are NOT the ingredients for successful adults!

Answer 30

High School Reunion effect