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PSY 170 Exam 3 > Parenting and Family > Flashcards

Parenting and Family Flashcards

1
Q
  1. Socialization (the process by which children acquire the beliefs, values, and behaviors considered desirable or appropriate by their culture or subculture)
  2. Reproduction
  3. Promotes personal growth (parents might help children foster a sense of purpose)
  4. Perpetuate social order
A

The Four Functions of Families

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2
Q

The process by which children acquire the beliefs, values, and behaviors considered desirable or appropriate by their culture or subculture

A

Socialization

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3
Q

High Acceptance, high control. Flexible, democratic, warm, accepting, provide guidance and control

A

Authoritative Parenting Style

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4
Q

Low acceptance, high control. Restrictive, set rules, expect obedience, rely on power to elicit compliance

A

Authoritarian

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5
Q

High acceptance, low control. Accepting but lax, few demands and rarely attempt to control child’s behavior.

A

Permissive

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6
Q

Low acceptance, low control. extremely lax and undemanding style, reject the child or are too busy to bother raising them

A

Uninvolved

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7
Q

Arguably the best parenting style. Consistently associated with positive developmental outcomes. Communication, caring, concern, exercises control in a reasonable way, sets realistic standards and allows autonomy

A

Authoritative Parenting

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8
Q

Authoritative- less in minority, more in euro-american families, Authoritarian- more in minority, more in lower socioeconomic classes, most specifically Asian

A

Ethnic and SES differences in parenting styles

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9
Q

Jobs that require obedience to an authority - lower SES - authoritarian parenting style prepares the child for this.

Increased stress leads to less sensitivity to children - too stressed to be the sensitive parent they want to be

A

Skills hypothesis

Conger’s Family Distress Model

Theories that explain SES and ethnic/cultural differences in parenting styles

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10
Q

Having at least one authoritative parent is the best outcomes for children, but it is best to have two authoritative parents (inconsistent with one authoritative is better than consistent with non-authoritative)

A

Studies on consistency in parents

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11
Q

Constellation of attitudes towards the child that are communicated to the child and create an emotional climate in which the parent’s behaviors are expressed, the emotional climate produced by parent

vs

Specific behaviors defined by specific content and socialization goals, observable, definable behaviors

A

Parenting Style vs Parenting Practices

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12
Q

Important developmental task for adolescents

Capacity to make one’s own decisions independently

Ability to serve as one’s own source of emotional strength

Ability to manage one’s life tasks without depending on others

A

Autonomy

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13
Q

Parent-child relationships in adolescence, controversial over ____. Presents view issues as social-conventional (they have the responsibility to monitor and regulate their teen), teens view issues as personal rights (they should be able to decide to clean their room or not) ___.

A

Social Domain Theory, autonomy

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14
Q

(1/2) Learn from your sibling, want to be like your sbiling

A

Social Learning Theory of Sibling Relationships

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15
Q

(2/2) want to be completely opposite of your sibling, want to stand out from your sibling

A

Sibling deidentification Theory of Sibling Relationships

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16
Q

Relatively high self-esteem and achievement motivation

More obedient and slightly more intellectually competent than children with siblings

Parents have more time to spend on the child teaching

Likely to establish very good relations with peers

A

Only Children

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17
Q

Families operate in a way that helps meet goals, make decisions, and resolve conflicts between family members.

Assumption: there are several subsystems that are part of a larger family system (such as Spousal subsystem, Parent-Child subsystem, Sibling subsystem, etc.)

A

Family Systems Theory

18
Q

Key construct in Family Systems Theory. Families are NOT just a group of individuals

Need to understand the interaction between the individuals

The interactions make the family what it is

A

Wholeness

19
Q

Key construct in Family Systems Theory.

Anything that affects one person will, to some degree, affect the others in the family system

Mom having a bad day at work throws everyone off

A

Interdependence

20
Q

Key construct in Family Systems Theory.

Recognizable patterns that help guide behavior

Every family has a set of patterns, ex. bedtime routine

Helps to regulate and guide behavior, anticipate what type of interactions we are going to see

Traditions - family Thanksgiving traditions, christmas: cinnamon rolls

A

Patterns

21
Q

Key contstruct in Family System Theory.

Families have similar goals, but reach them in different ways

Produce healthy, well functioning, well socialized adults

A

Equifnality

22
Q

Key construct in Family System Theory

Need to adjust family patterns to deal with challenges

A

Adaptation

23
Q

Key construct in Family System Theory.

Maintain stability over time
Balance between stability and adapting as challenges are thrown at us

A

Homeostasis

24
Q

Family systems -

____ define the family system: establish limits, differentiate between members and non-members, and define subsystems in the family

Prevent conflict spillover and regulate intimacy and closeness

A

Boundaries

25
Q

Family systems

Flexible boundaries  (move and adjust as needed)
Easy flow and exchange of info between other families and individuals
Open to input from external sources
Receptive to change
Usually healthy

vs

Rigid boundaries
Maintain status quo
Change is resisted
No external input

A

Open vs Closed Family systems

26
Q

Family Systems - Pathological Triangles

Mom and Child vs Dad

A

Parent-Child Coalition

27
Q

Family Systems - Pathological Triangles

Mom and dad fighting with child in the middle

A

Triangulation

28
Q

Family Systems - Pathological Triangles

Mom and dad vs kid

Some problem with the kid, the parents are so focused on this that they are attacking the problem but aren’t kind to each other

We see the kid as a problem and are working on it

A

Detouring Attacking

29
Q

Family Systems - Pathological Triangles

Mom and dad vs kid

The child has medical issues, and is seen as delicate

A

Detouring Supportive

30
Q

(1/4) explanations for link between marital conflict and child problems

Social learning theory - children imitate behaviors of parents

Learn poor conflict strategies, teaches aggressive behavior is appropriate and permitted

A

Modeling

31
Q

(2/4) explanations for link between marital conflict and child problems

Focuses more on cognition and how children perceive conflict

4 important cognitive contributions:

  1. Appraisal of conflict meaning
  2. Degree of perceived threat
  3. Attributions of cause and blame
  4. Coping efficacy
A

Cognitive-Contextual Influences

32
Q

(3/4) explanations for link between marital conflict and child problems

Focuses more on emotions and feelings of security in the family

Chronic marital conflict leads to increased emotional arousal and feelings of emotional insecurity

Child becomes hypersensitive to conflict, may either avoid or intervene in conflict, has trouble soothing self

A

Emotional Security Theory

33
Q

(4/4) explanations for link between marital conflict and child problems

Marital conflict may influence how parents deal with their children

  • Increase inconsistencies in parenting
  • Reduce parental involvement with child
  • Decrease sensitivity to child’s needs
A

Spillover Hypothesis

34
Q

The Initial Stage:
Right after parents inform the child
Increase in aggression and unhappiness

The Transition Stage:
1-3 years after separation
Restructuring new family patterns

The Restabilization Stage:
5 years after separation
New family system is completely instituted

A

Divorce

35
Q

Both parents become less effective - focus on their own emotional needs, invest less on being sensitive caregivers

Allow behaviors they wouldn’t allow before - more permissive
Immature behaviors, fewer responsibilities, etc.

Mothers show less affection then before

Fathers become much more permissive and indulgent (so real)

More difficult for mothers when children return to her

Economic Changes.
Usually kids end up with mom, who normally has lower earning potential

A

Short Term Effects of Divorce

36
Q

Behavior Problems, mostly due to financial strain

Boys show aggressive and compulsive behaviors

Girls have problems with self-esteem and maintaining quality relationships

Risk for dropping out of school
More likely to divorce as adults

It is better to be in a stable, single-parent home then a conflict-ridden two parent home

A

Long Term Effects of Divorce

37
Q

Injuries sustained by a child as a result of physical abuse, usually inflicted by an adult caregiver

Doctors see multiple broken bones = child abuse, doctors shouldn’t be fooled by the parents lying

A

Battered Child Syndrome

38
Q

Physical Abuse (punching, kicking, biting etc - not always intentional, often trying to control child)

Psychological/Emotional Abuse - speech, actions and interactions that destroy emotional well-being and a sense of self-worth
(Verbal harassment, taunting, vicious teasing, etc.)

Neglect - Failure to provide for children’s basic physical, educational, or emotional needs (abandonment, allow truancy, inattention to children’s need for affection, medical neglect)

Sexual Abuse - Forcing, tricking, or coercing sexual behavior between a child and an older person (fondling, penetration, voyerism, pornography)

A

Child Abuse

39
Q
  • Parents with alcohol or drug problems
  • Parents were maltreated as children
  • Abusive moms are usually young, poverty-stricken, poorly educated, have little help raising the children
  • Emotionally insecure
  • Interpret child’s irritability or independence as disrespectful or rejecting
  • Favor authoritarian control and rely on punitive technique
A

Characteristics of abusers

40
Q
  • Intellectual deficits & academic difficulties
  • Depression, social anxiety, low self-esteem
  • Disturbed relationships with teachers and peers
  • Physically Abused Children show lack of normal empathy in response to distress of peers
  • Sexually Abused Children:
    emotionally disregulated
    , engage in sexualized behaviors, display posttraumatic stress disorder
A

Consequences of child abuse

PSY 170 Exam 3 (5 decks)

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