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Vocab Flashcards

1
Q

How do mmgh, atm, and psi relate?

A

They’re all units of measure for gases. 760mmgh = 1 ATM = 14.7psi

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2
Q

What is Vapor Density?

A

The weight of a vapor or gas compared to the weight of an equal volume of air; an expression of the density of the vapor or gas. Materials lighter than air have vapor densities less than 1.0 (example: acetylene, methane, hydrogen).

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3
Q

What is Specific Gravity?

A

Specific gravity, more formally known as relative density, is a measure of the density of a substance in comparison to the density of water. AKA RGasD

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4
Q

What is Vapor Pressure

A

The vapor pressure of a liquid is the point at which equilibrium pressure is reached, in a closed container, between molecules leaving the liquid and going into the gaseous phase and molecules leaving the gaseous phase and entering the liquid phase.

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5
Q

Atomic weight of air

A

29 g/mol

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6
Q

What is a flammable liquid?

A

A liquid with a flashpoint of less than 100F for IFSTA. Less than 141F for VDEM

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7
Q

What is a combustible liquid?

A

A liquid with a flashpoint above 100F but below 200F

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8
Q

What is a cryogenic?

A

-130F, high expansion ratio and oxygen displacement

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9
Q

Define flash point

A

When a LIQUID gives off enough vapor above the surface of the liquid to create an ignitable mixture in air that will sustain combustion. Gas does not have a flashpoint.

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10
Q

What is IP?

A

Ionization potential. This is the amount of energy it takes to remove an electron from an atom.

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11
Q

Define expansion ratio

A

How many gallons of gas a liquid will make per gallon

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12
Q

Define polymerization

A

When monomers react with themselves to create a polymer (3D product). Usually stopped by an inhibitor. When polymerization happens there is an exothermic reaction that releases heat.

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13
Q

What is sublimation?

A

When a substance skips a phase and changes directly from a solid to a gas or vice versa.

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14
Q

Define auto refrigeration

A

When an unintentional and/or uncontrolled phase change of a hydrocarbon from a liquid state to a vapor occurs resulting in a very rapid reduction in the temperature of the local equipment or piping.

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15
Q

What is an endothermic reaction?

A

A reaction that absorbs heat. Ice absorbs the heat around it

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16
Q

What is an exothermic reaction?

A

A reaction that gives off heat. Fire, polymerization

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17
Q

Define SADT

A

Self Accelerating Decomposition Temperature. The temperature above which an unstable chemical will decompose unimpeded regardless of ambient temperature.

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18
Q

Volatility

A

Volatility describes the ease with which a liquid can pass into the vapor state. The higher a material’s volatility, the greater its evaporation rate. Vapor pressure is a measure of a liquid’s propensity to evaporate. Thus, the higher a liquid’s vapor pressure, the more volatile it is.

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19
Q

What is an element?

A

An element is a substance of similar atoms with the same atomic number (number of protons). Elements cannot be broken down further by chemical means.

20
Q

Persistence

A

A material’s ability to remain in the environment chemically unchanged.

21
Q

What is an isotope?

A

The atoms of an element all have the same number of protons. However, variations in the atomic mass of the atoms can occur. When this occurs, the number of protons stays the same but the number of neutrons changes. When this occurs, the new atom is said to be an isotope of the original atom or element.

22
Q

What is the breakdown of an isotope?

A

This breakdown is called radioactivity and the particles and energy released are called radiation.

23
Q

What is an ion?

A

An atom or radical that has lost or gained an electron, therefore has acquired an electric charge.

24
Q

What is an allotrope?

A

The existence of a substance in two or more forms with different physical and chemical properties.

25
What is a metal?
an element that conducts heat and electricity well has a high physical strength and is ductile and malleable. Metals are to the left of the stair step line on the periodic table. Many metals are extremely toxic.
26
What is a non-metal?
an element that does not conduct heat and electricity, has low physical strength and is neither ductile nor malleable. Nonmetals are to the right of the stair step line on the periodic table.
27
What is a metalloid?
Exhibits characteristics of both metals and non-metals
28
How do you get the atomic mass of an atom?
The atomic mass is determined by adding together the number of protons and the number of neutrons.
29
What is in the group 1 family?
The alkali family. The elements in this family are Hydrogen, Lithium, Sodium, Potassium, Rubidium, Cesium, and Francium. Each has one electron in its outer shell and has properties similar to the others.
30
What is in the group 2 family?
The alkali earth family. Examples include Magnesium, Calcium, and Radium. These elements have two electrons in their outer shell. These metals are also chemically reactive, but not as reactive as Group IA. They will decompose in water, and may be explosive and ignite in air, but only after being exposed to a heat source.
31
What is in the group 17 family?
The halogen family. Examples are Fluorine, Chlorine, and Bromine. These elements have seven electrons in their outer shells. They are exceptionally reactive nonmetals, and, like oxygen, are oxidizers. In fact, Fluorine is a stronger oxidizer than oxygen.
32
What is in the group 18 family?
The Noble Gas family. Most of these gases exist as a major part of the atmosphere. These gases are non-reactive.
33
Ionic bonding
A chemical reaction that combines metal elements with nonmetal elements producing a compound called a salt. This type of bonding produced products that are held together by the differential electrical charge between the parts (or ions). An example is table salt (sodium chloride).
34
Covalent bonding
A chemical reaction that combines two non-metals together. The product is a non-salt. This type of bonding produces products that are held together by the sharing of electrons between the parts. An example is methane.
35
What is a gas?
Any substance that boils at atmospheric pressure at any temperature less than 80 F. DOT defines gases as materials with a boiling point below 680 F. Gases have no fixed volume or shape. They are extremely difficult to control and contain.
36
What is a compressed gas?
Material when in a container has an absolute pressure of 40psi @ 70F or having an absolute pressure exceeding 104 psi at 130F or any liquid having a vapor pressure exceeding 40 psi at 100F.
37
What is liquified compressed gas?
Gases that becomes a liquid in a container at normal temperature at pressure from 25 to 2,500 psi.
38
What is a cryogenic gas?
Liquefied gases with boiling points below -130 F.
39
What is part of developing a hazard profile?
- Identifying the hazard class - Evaluating the potential for energy to be release and chemical reactivity - Determine the physical state based on boiling point or melting point. - Evaluating the fire hazards. - Evaluating the health hazards.
40
SADT
The SADT is a property of every peroxide. The typical range of SADTs is between 0F and 50F. Regardless of the temperature, if some portion of the material reaches it, decomposition will begin. Once this decomposition begins, there is no way to stop it.
41
MSST
The highest temperature at which to safely store organic peroxides. When an organic peroxide reaches a temperature above the MSST, the material will decompose and may explode.
42
Radioactive material
A material containing an isotope that spontaneously emits ionizing radiation.
43
Radioactivity
The emission of radiation from an atom due to artificial or natural nuclear breakdown.
44
Acids
A corrosive with a pH of less than 7, a compound that forms hydrogen ions when dissolved in water
45
Bases
Substances that liberate hydroxide anions when dissolved in water. pH higher than 7. Known as caustics, alkaline
46
Fire point
1-3 degrees above the flash point
47
Pg 56.-59

Hazmat (18 decks)

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