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Utility Emergencies Flashcards

1
Q

What should color coded surface marks indicate?

A
  • Name, initials, or logo of the company that owns or operates the line and the width of the line if it is greater than 50 mm (2 inches).
  • Locations and route of buried lines.
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2
Q

APWA

A

American Public Works Association

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3
Q

Red

A

Electric, cable, conduit, and lighting cable

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4
Q

Yellow

A

Gas, oil, steam, petroleum, or gaseous materials

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5
Q

Orange

A

Communications, alarm, or signal lines, cable or conduit

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6
Q

Blue

A

Potable water

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7
Q

Purple

A

Reclaimed water, irrigation and slurry lines

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8
Q

Green

A

Sewer and drain lines

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9
Q

Pink

A

Temporary survey markings

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10
Q

White

A

Proposed excavation

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11
Q

What is methane

A

A simple hydrocarbon consisting of hydrogen and carbon

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12
Q

Define vapor density

A

The weight of a given volume of gas compared to the weight of the same amount of air at the same temperature and pressure.

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13
Q

What is the vapor density of methane?

A

0.55

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14
Q

What will heavy concentrations of natural gas do?

A

Displace the oxygen, causing drowsiness and suffocation from asphyxiation.

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15
Q

What are some hazards of natural gas?

A

Colorless and odorless. Mercaptan is added to it to give it a detectable scent. Natural gas in transmission pipelines and rail cars is not odorized, so leaks that do occur can go undetected creating a significant danger to first responders.

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16
Q

What is the flammable range for natural gas (methane)?

A

5% - 15%

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17
Q

What is the ignition temperature for natural gas (methane)? What can it be ignited by?

A

The ignition temperature for natural gas is about 1200° F and can easily be ignited by something as simple as a doorbell or a cell phone.

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18
Q

What is the expansion ratio of natural gas (methane)? What is a potential associated risk when in a container?

A

The expansion ratio of liquefied natural gas to a gas is 600:1. When liquefied gas cylinders are exposed to heat from fire impingement there is a potential for a BLEVE to occur.

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19
Q

What is the operating pressure of gas lines vs transmission lines?

A

Gas lines typically have operating pressures of 0.25 to 55 pounds per square inch (psi). The transmission lines range in size from 6” to 30” and have pressures up to 450 psi. These lines can generate 2,000 to 24,000 volts of static electricity.

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20
Q

What is the safest way to move natural products?

A

Pipelines remain the safest, most efficient, and economical way to move these natural resources.

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21
Q

What are some indicators of a pipeline leak?

A
  • A hissing or roaring sound.
  • Any unusual odor near the pipeline.
  • Dead or discolored vegetation in an otherwise green location.
  • Fire coming from the ground or appearing to burn above the ground
  • Dirt being blown or appearing to be thrown into the air.
  • Water bubbling or being blown into the air at a pond, creek, or river.
  • A dry spot in a moist field.
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22
Q

What is the proper sequence for shutting off gas?

A
  1. At the appliance (if can be safely done).
  2. At the meter.
  3. At the curb box.
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23
Q

What is the general rule for positioning on a gas leak?

A

The general rule for apparatus positioning is no closer than 100 feet for the first arriving unit and a minimum distance of 300 feet for all other incoming fire apparatus

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24
Q

What is an outside gas leak and when should it be upgraded to a Hazmat response?

A

An outside gas leak is any flammable gas leak that has originated outside a structure and the gases have not migrated into the building of origin or exposures nearby. The call should be upgraded when the break is in a line that is reported to be over 2” in diameter.

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25
When should you operate street valves?
Never
26
After turning off a gas valve should you turn it back on? Explain.
If a gas valve has been turned off, do not turn it back on, this could cause an explosion.
27
How far from the hot zone should people evacuate?
The DOT Emergency Response Guide (ERG) suggests an evacuation distance of 330 feet. This may include evacuating buildings located within or near the zone.
28
When should clamping or crimping a leak be considered? On what sized line?
Only in extreme cases. This should only be considered for lines that are 3⁄4” or smaller.
29
What steps should be taken when crimping a line?
1.Several feet from the leak, dig a hole to expose the leaking line away from any gas readings. Gas lines are buried around 24” below the surface but it is not uncommon to find them only several inches to several feet deep. With plastic pipe, the gas company lays a yellow-coated wire over the gas line so their detectors can find the metal; the detectors cannot pick up the plastic pipe. 2.Once this gas line is exposed, use a grounding spray or grounding device such as a wet towel over the pipe to ground and then safely clamp the line.
30
What things should be taken into consideration when using a dry chem or 1 3/4" line?
The wind direction, humidity, weight of the gas, and any other factors pertaining to the migration of the vapor cloud.
31
What should be done when a gas line is on fire?
Protect exposures; a burning gas fire is not explosive, but if the fire is extinguished without shutting off the gas an explosive condition has been created.
32
When should intrinsically safe equipment be turned on?
All intrinsically safe equipment should be turned on prior to entering a gaseous atmosphere.
33
How should you monitor a room with a closed door? Why?
Closed doors should be cracked slightly to insert the probe and a reading obtained before opening the door. Opening a door or venting an atmosphere that is above the Upper Explosive Limit (UEL) could cause an explosive atmosphere and subsequent explosion.
34
What is an Arc?
The flow of an electric current across a gap between two conductors, terminals, or contacts. It can result in: - Sparks - A loud noise - A momentary or sustained outage
35
What is a breaker used for?
Detects overload conditions and disconnects/stops the flow of electrical current
36
What is a circuit?
A path through which electric current is intended to flow
37
What is a fuse?
A protective device which melts and burns, opening the circuit, when a specified value is exceeded.
38
Intrinsically safe
Designed to be incapable of producing heat or a spark sufficient to ignite an explosive atmosphere
39
Momentary outage
An electrical outage lasting less than two minutes
40
Sustained outage
An electrical outage lasting more than two minutes
41
Distribution System
Links the transmission system to most customers; includes primary and secondary lines
42
Fault
Any abnormal electrical current
43
Pothead
A device that provides transmission between underground cable to overhead lines or conductors
44
When shutting off a curb valve, what tool should you use to remove the cover of the street valve?
A five sided wrench
45
What is the best practice for a gas line on fire?
Protect exposures
46
What is the best practice for a burning gas meter?
Two hose lines on a wide fog to extinguish the fire and protect the firefighter shutting off the gas at the stop cock.
47
Where is the best place to shut off the gas during a meter fire?
The curb valve
48
What tasks should be accomplished during an inside gas leak?
- Evacuation - Monitoring - Exposure protection - Hazard mitigation - Ventilation
49
What should happen when an IDLH is confirmed on an inside gas leak?
RIT shall be identified and consideration should be given to upgrading to a structure fire response
50
In large homes, responders should be cognizant of:
More than one meter servicing a house
51
How should ignition sources be eliminated?
By manual controls, not by electrical switches
52
What may cause an auxiliary generator to turn on?
If power is shut off at the electric panel. Secure the generator prior to operating the panel.
53
What form of ventilation should be the primary tactic?
Natural ventilation
54
What should happen when any valve is turned off?
It should be tagged
55
Gas-fired roof top heating units are widely used in:
Commercial and industrial facilities
56
What is the function of a regulator on a gas meter?
It steps the psi down from 40 to 1/4 or 1/2 psi PRIOR to the meter
57
What are the two basic types of gas meters?
Inside and outside
58
What will let you know if a gas meter is interior?
Vent pipe
59
Where is the shut off valve vs the quarter turn valve in relation to the meter?
Shut off valve is prior to the meter. The quarter turn valves is prior to the regulator
60
What should be done on an inside gas fire?
Normal firefighting operations with the exception of extinguishing the gas fed fire
61
Characteristics of propane:
Expansion ratio- 270:1 Vapor Density- 1.56 Range 2.3-9.5 Gal= 4.23 lb Ignition temp 920-1,120 degrees F Specific gravity- .504
62
What state is propane stored in?
liquid
63
What should be used to move a propane vapor cloud?
Two hose lines on a narrow fog
64
When will the relief valve release pressure in a propane tank?
When the internal pressure exceeds 250 and 375 psi depending on the size of the tank
65
How much air space does a propane tank need?
20%
66
Is it safer for a propane tank to leak vapor or liquid?
Vapor because liquid will expand to create far more vapor
67
Where should you cool a tank if it is exposed to fire?
The vapor space
68
How many gpm of water can effectively cool a tank?
50gpm
69
When can a a crew close the tank valve?
When the relief valve sets
70
Can you walk in the path of the relief valve?
No NEVER
71
How is CO formed?
By the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels
72
Flammable range of CO:
12.8-74%
73
How does CO enter the body?
Only through respiratory system
74
What is the EPA set TWA for CO in outdoor air?
9ppm over a 24 hour period
75
What is the OSHA PEL and TWA?
35 over 8 hour TWA and 50 over 1 hour
76
What will you get for a CO emergency?
1 E 1 M
77
What is the EPA set TWA for CO for residential levels?
CO shall not exceed 9ppm over an 8 hour period
78
When should you evacuate an occupancy during a CO alarm?
When there are readings of 35ppm or above
79
When you find readings greater than 100ppm what does that mean?
Occupancy may be in potentially lethal range and the building should be evacuated
80
Pipeline markings
- Approximate location; not its exact location. - Commodity transported, name of company and number where company representatives can always be reached. - Markers do not indicate how deep the pipeline is buried or how many lines are in the area.
81
Who determines whether or not gas needs to be odorized
DOT regulates the odorization of gases in transportation.
82
How much mercaptan is added to propane?
1lb per every 10,000GAL which is one ppb
83
Hazmat radio channel FCFD
42G
84
Leaking rail car valve orientation
Liquid valves are in line with car Vapor runs perpendicular to the rail car

Hazmat (18 decks)

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