Vocab Flashcards
Photosynthesis
turns 6 carbon dioxide and 6 water into glucose and oxygen
Cellular respiration
turns glucose and oxygen into 6 carbon 6 water and ATP
Matter:
a substance made up of various types of particles that occupies physical space and has inertia
Energy
the ability for a system to do work or produce heat
ATP
adenosine triphosphate the primary molecule used by cells to store chemical energy for use in cellular processes
Cellular respiration:
the process by which cells convert chemical energy stored in various compounds such as sugars into useful energy for cellular processes; may be aerobic or anaerobic
Autotroph:
an organism that can obtain its own energy from an abiotic source
Glucose: a monosaccharide sugar C6H12O6 that is produced in photosynthesis and used during cellular respiration for energy production
Chemical energy
energy stored in chemical bonds; can be released in a chemical reaction
Radiant energy:
electromagnetic waves given off by a source into the surrounding environment
Photosynthesis:
the process by which autotrophic organisms capture light energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen thereby storing some of the captured energy in chemical bonds
Carbon dioxide:
a gas found in earth’s atmosphere produced by animals during respiration or during burning; used by plants for photosynthesis
Oxygen:
a gas produced by plants during photosynthesis that animals use for respiration
Lactic acid fermentation
a biological process that produces lactic acid by the conversion of sugars into cellular energy in the absence of oxygen, generally found in animals and some bacteria
alcoholic fermentation:
a biological process that produces ethanol and carbon dioxide by the conversion of sugars into cellular energy in the absence of oxygen; generally used by yeast and bacteria
anaerobic respiration:
the process by which cells convert the chemical energy stored in nutrients into ATP using an electron transport chain with a final electron acceptor other than oxygen
Aerobic cellular respiration:
the process by which cells use oxygen and the chemical energy stored in nutrients to make ATP
Nucleotides of DNA
Adenine
Thymine,
Cytosine
Guanine,
Macromolecules:
a very large molecule such as a polymer or protein, consisting of many smaller structural units linked together
Carbohydrate:
- a biomolecule that contains hydrogen, carbon and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio
- that is used as a primary energy source and structural support
Light energy:
energy carried by an electromagnetic wave as it travels through space
Mitochondrion:
an organelle in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells that functions in energy production; the power factory of the cell
Organism:
a single, self contained entity that performs all of the basic functions of life
Reactants
Starting substance. Left side of equation
Product
Ending substance. Right side of equation
Glucose
Monosaccharide sugar that is product of photosynthesis and used as reactant in cellular respiration
Mono-
Single; one
Poly
More than one
4 types of biomolecules
Carbohydrate
Lipid
Protien
Nuclei cells
Cellulose
Polysaccharide
Primary component of cell walls
Lipids
Form sterols and fatty acids
Proteins
Made up of amino acids to make polypeptide chains
Contain phosphorous
Nucleic acid
DNA and RNA
Monomer
Single molecule
Polymer
Small group of molecules
Dehydration synthesis
Process to combine 2 monomers to a polymer.
Lose a water molecule - this is why it’s called dehydration synthesis
Hydrolysis
Process to break a polymer into separate single monomers.
Add water. That’s why called hydrolysis
