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Photosynthesis and cellular respiration Flashcards

1
Q

Which type of energy transformation occurs in photosynthesis?
A. heat to electrical
B. light to chemical
C. mechanical to electrical
D. chemical to mechanical

A

B. light to chemical

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2
Q
  1. The potential energy of organic molecules is most readily available to cells in the form of
    A. ribonucleic acid.
    B. ATP.
    C. water.
    D. minerals
A

B. ATP

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3
Q
  1. The sum of all of the chemical reactions occurring in a cell is called
    A. photosynthesis.
    B. diffusion.
    C. oxidative respiration.
    D. metabolism.
A

D. metabolism

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4
Q
  1. Which could be used to monitor the rate of photosynthesis in a plant?
    A. oxygen production
    B. water production
    C. hydrogen production
    D. carbon dioxide production
A

A. oxygen production

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5
Q
  1. Respiration takes place in the
    A. chloroplasts.
    B. thylakoid.
    C. mitochondria.
    D. cytoplasm
A

C. mitochondria

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6
Q
  1. Fermentation of glucose by yeast produces
    A. ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide.
    B. lactic acid and carbon dioxide.
    C. lactic acid and oxygen.
    D. ethyl alcohol and oxygen.
A

A. ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide

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7
Q

The energy of sunlight captured during photosynthesis is stored in which of the following molecules?
a. ATP
b. oxygen
c. glucose
d. NADPH

A

c. glucose

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8
Q

Which of thefollowing pigmentsis most important ni the process ofphotosynthesis?
a. xanthophyll
b. carotene
c. chlorophyll a
d. chlorophyll b

A

c. chlorophyll a

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9
Q

Carotene pigment:
a. makes leaves turn green
b. gives the sun its yellow color
c. absorbs orange light
d. reflects orange light

A

d. reflects orange light

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10
Q

Which of the following best describes a chloroplast?
a. an outer membrane containing stomata inside
b. grana which are made up ofstroma surrounded by a membrane
c. grana made up of thylakoid discs, surrounded by fluid stoma, surrounded by an outer
membrane.
d. stomata with thylakoid discs made up of grana, containing stroma, with a membrane inside

A

c. grana made up of thylakoid discs, surrounded by fluid stoma, surrounded by an outer
membrane.

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11
Q

Which statement is true concerning photosynthesis?
a. plants convert light energy into chemical energy
b. all producers are able to perform photosynthesis
c. the hydrogen in water is used to produceglucose
d. all of the above are correct

A

d. all of the above are correct

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12
Q

The tiny pores in leaves that allow gases to pass through them are called:
a. stomata
b. stroma
c. grana
d. thylakoid discs

A

a. stomata

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13
Q

The wavelengths most absorbed by chlorophyll are:
a. green and blue
b. red and blue
c. green and yellow
d. orange and yellow

A

b. red and blue

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14
Q

In which part of the plant does the most photosynthesis occur? a. stems
b. roots
c. leaves
d. flowers

A

c. leaves

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15
Q

Which pigments are seen mostly during thefall months (autumn)?
a. chlorophyll and xanthophyll
b. chlorophyll and carotene
c. xanthophyll and carotenes
d. chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b

A

c. xanthophyll and carotenes

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16
Q

Which of the following organisms WOULD perform cellular respiration?
a. a rose bush
b. an elephant
c. Amoeba
d. all of these

A

d. all of these

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17
Q
  1. Radiant energy waves with the longest wavelength:
    a. have the most energy
    b. include gamma rays
    c. are dangerous
    d. have the least energy
A

d. have the least energy

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18
Q

Which statement concerning photosynthesis is FALSE?
a. the basic photosynthesis process is the same in animals and plants
b. the carbon from carbon dioxide is used to produce glucose
c. plants convert light energy to chemical energy
d. oxygen is released as a waste product

A

a. the basic photosynthesis process is the same in animals and plants

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19
Q

a . l o n g e r
b. less
c. radiant
d. s h o r t e r
e. more
f. magnetic
g. b l a c k
h. c a r o t e n e
i. absorbed
j. white
k. xanthophyll
l. reflected

Energy that travels in waves is called __________ energy.

A

c. radiant

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20
Q

a . l o n g e r
b. less
c. radiant
d. s h o r t e r
e. more
f. magnetic
g. b l a c k
h. c a r o t e n e
i. absorbed
j. white
k. xanthophyll
l. reflected

The shorter the wavelength, the ___________ energy that wave has.

A

e. more

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21
Q

a . l o n g e r
b. less
c. radiant
d. s h o r t e r
e. more
f. magnetic
g. b l a c k
h. c a r o t e n e
i. absorbed
j. white
k. xanthophyll
l. reflected

When a pigment reflects all wavelengths of light, the color __________ is seen.

A

j. White

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22
Q

a . l o n g e r
b. less
c. radiant
d. s h o r t e r
e. more
f. magnetic
g. b l a c k
h. c a r o t e n e
i. absorbed
j. white
k. xanthophyll
l. reflected

The colors NOT seen are those that are __________ by a pigment.

A

i. absorbed

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23
Q

a . l o n g e r
b. less
c. radiant
d. s h o r t e r
e. more
f. magnetic
g. b l a c k
h. c a r o t e n e
i. absorbed
j. white
k. xanthophyll
l. reflected

Radio waves have a _______ wavelength than gamma rays.

A

a. Longer

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24
Q

a . l o n g e r
b. less
c. radiant
d. s h o r t e r
e. more
f. magnetic
g. b l a c k
h. c a r o t e n e
i. absorbed
j. white
k. xanthophyll
l. reflected

The pigment _________ appears yellow when we look at it.

A

h. Carotene

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25
Q
  1. How are ADP and ATP related?
    a. they are identical except ADP has more energy
    b. ADP has one more phosphate group and more stored energy than ATP
    c. ADP contains the sugar ribose; ATP does not
    d. ATP has one more phosphate group and more stored energy than ADP
A

d. ATP has one more phosphate group and more stored energy than ADP

26
Q
  1. In order, the 4 stages of aerobic cellular respiration are:

a. glycolysis, fermentation, Krebs cycle, transition stage
b. light dependent reaction, light independent reaction, glycolysis, Krebs cycle
c. glycolysis, transition stage, Krebs cycle, electron transport system
d. Krebs cycle, transition stage, glycolysis,electron transport system

A

c. glycolysis, transition stage, Krebs cycle, electron transport system

27
Q

Which of the following releases the greatest amount of energy?

a. converting glucose to lactic acid
b. converting glucose to ethanol
c. converting glucose to CO2 and water
d. converting glucose to pyruvic acid

A

c. converting glucose to CO2 and water

28
Q

Which of the following molecules can be used in cellular respiration by entering the stages at intermediate points?
a. glycerol
b. fatty acids
c. amino acids
d. all of these

A

d. all of these

29
Q

What is the NET number of ATP produced during glycolysis?
a. 2
b. 4
c. 6
d 38
e. 34

A

a. 2

30
Q

Under which of the following conditions might some cells ni your body undergo lactic acid fermentation?
a. after long periods of rest
c. after a period of starvation
b. after eating a high-carbohydrate meal
d. after long periods of exercise

A

d. after long periods of exercise

31
Q

Which of thefollowing contains the highest amount of potential energy?

a. g l u c o s e
b. ATP
c. ADP
d. pyruvic acid

A

a. g l u c o s e

32
Q

Where does cellular respiration occur in a cell?

  1. cytoplasm
  2. chloroplast
  3. mitochondria
  4. nucleus
    a. 1 and 2
    b. 1 and 3
    c. 3 only
    d. 1, 2, and 3
A

b. 1 and 3
Cytoplasm and Mitochindria

33
Q

Which stage of aerobic cellular respiration requires 02?

a. Krebs cycle
b. glycolysis
c. electron transport system
d. fermentation

A

c. electron transport system

34
Q

Which of the following is true?
a. Anaerobic respiration requires oxygen from the air; aerobic does not.
b. Anaerobic respiration produces fewer ATP molecules than aerobic does.
c. Anaerobic respiration is how are cells USUALLY get energy from food.
d. Yeast cells are used in baking and brewing because they perform aerobic respiration.

A

b. Anaerobic respiration produces fewer ATP molecules than aerobic does.

35
Q
  1. Which ofthe following molecules helps to carry hydrogen atoms to the stage of the electron transport system during aerobic cellular respiration?

a. carbon dioxide
b. glucose
c. ATP
d. NADH

A

d. NADH

36
Q

When glucose is first broken down during respiration, what are the products of its breakdown?

a. lactic acid
b. ethanol
c. pyruvic acid
d. ADP

A

c. pyruvic acid

37
Q
  1. What do aerobic and anaerobic respiration have in common?
    a. both break down glucose to release its energy
    b. both involve glycolysis as the first of many reactions
    c. both produce ATP
    d. all of these
A

d. all of these

38
Q

Which of the following could a plant do with the glucose it produces during photosynthesis?

a. store it- for example, in starch
b. use it - release its energy through cellular respiration
c. change it - use it to make other compounds for the cell, for example cellulose
d. All of these
e. none of these

A

d. All of these

39
Q

Where in the cell does fermentation occur?
a. cytoplasm
b. chloroplast
c. mitochondria
d. ribosomes

A

a. cytoplasm

40
Q

Write an overall word equation for aerobic cellular respiration

A

Glucose + Oxygen —-> carbon dioxide + water + energy (ATP)

41
Q

Write an overall word equation for photosynthesis.

A

carbon dioxide + water —-> Glucose + Oxygen

42
Q

Briefly describe how photosynthesis and aerobic cellular respiration are dependent upon each other, forming a cycle.

A
43
Q

What might happen to a plant’s photosynthesis rate if it was placed in an environment without carbon dioxide? Why?

A
44
Q

Explain in your own words why the cell uses the energy from glucose to make ATP, which is then used to power cellular activities. Why not just directly use the energyreleased from glucose to power cellular activities?

A

The body cannot directly get its energy from glucose. Glucose is not a direct energy source. Instead, the body uses the energy released from breaking down glucose, to drive phosphorylation of ADP. This makes ATP, which is an immediate energy source that cells can use quickly.

45
Q

When a plant uses photosynthesis, what energy is being captured by the plant?

A

Light energy

46
Q

When a plant uses photosynthesis which chemical molecule is storing the energy?

A

Glucose

47
Q

What are the 2 substances that a plant must take in to perform
Photosynthesis?

A

Water (H2O)
Carbon Dioxide (CO2)

48
Q

Humans cannot perform photosynthesis because we lack
a. cell wall
b. nucleus
c. chloroplast
d. mitochondria

A

c. chloroplast

49
Q

When a plant USES respiration whcih chemicals bonds are broken to release the
stored energy?

a. CO2
b. Glucose
c. H2O
d. O2

A

b. Glucose

50
Q

When a plant uses respiration what gas is given off as a byproduct?

a. CO2
b. glucose
c. HO
d. O2

A

a. CO2

51
Q

Humans can do respiration because our cells contain

a. Cell wall
b. Nucleus
c. Chloroplast
d. Mitochondria

A

d. Mitochondria

52
Q

In the equation below, substance X is most likely
6C02 + 6H2O + substance X that captures light -> C6H12O6 + 6O2

a. glucose
b. hemoglobin
c. urea
d .chlorophyll

A

d. Chlorophyll

53
Q

Which word equation best represents a process that requires light and chlorophyll?

a. glucose + glucose-> maltose +water
b. water +carbon dioxide- -> glucose + oxygen
c. glucose +oxygen - -> carbon dioxide + water
d. glucose
-> alcohol + carbon dioxide

A

b. water +carbon dioxide- -> glucose + oxygen

54
Q

Which process is an outcome of photosynthesis?
a. complex molecules are broken down to form simple molecules
b. water is absorbed into the root hairs
c . light energy is converted into chemical energy
d. Water is transported thru vascular tissue

A

c . light energy is converted into chemical energy

55
Q

Bromothymol blue solution turns from blue ot green when small amounts of carbon
dioxide are released into the solution. A water sample is suspected or being
contaminated with bacteria. Bromothymol blue would be most useful in detecting which
biological process carried out by these bacteria??
a . cellular respiration
b. cell division
c. photosynthesis
d. fertilization

A

a . cellular respiration

56
Q

What are the three main stages of Calvin cycle reactions can be divided into three main stages:

A

1) stage 1: carbon fixation -

In stage 1, the enzyme RuBisCO incorporates carbon dioxide into an organic molecule

Stage 2 : carbon reduction- In stage 2, the organic molecule is reduced.

Stage 3: In stage 3, RuBP, the molecule that starts the cycle, is regenerated so that the cycle can continue. regeneration of the starting molecule

57
Q

Carbon fixation
(Step 1 of the Calvin Cycle)

A

In step one, a carbon molecule from carbon dioxide is attached to a 5-carbon molecule called ribulose biphosphate (RuBP).

The method of attaching a carbon dioxide molecule to a RuBP molecule is called carbon fixation.

The 6-carbon molecule formed by carbon fixation immediately splits into two, 3-carbon molecules called 3-phosphoglycerate (3-PGA).

58
Q

Carbon Reduction
(Step 2 of Calvin Cycle)

A

In step two, 3-PGA is converted into glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P), a chemical used to make glucose and other sugars.

Creating G3P is the ultimate objective of the Calvin cycle.

59
Q

Carbohydrate formation
(step 3 Calvin cycle)

A

In step three, some of the G3P molecules are used to create sugar.

Glucose, the type of sugar produced by photosynthesis, is composed of two G3P molecules.

60
Q

Regeneration phase
(step 4 of the Calvin Cycke)

A

In step four, the G3P molecules that remain combine through a complex series of reactions into the 5-carbon molecule RuBP, which will continue in the cycle back to step one to capture more carbon from carbon dioxide.

Biology (10 decks)

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