VOC U4 Definitions - DEF - WORD

Question 1

an overflow of a large amount of water beyond its normal limits, especially over what is normally dry land.

Answer 1

Flood (the villagers had been cut off by floods and landslides (a flood barrier).)

Question 2

a substance used for destroying insects or other organisms harmful to cultivated plants or to animals.

Answer 2

Pesticides

Question 3

a complex logistics system that consists of facilities that convert raw materials into finished products and distribute them to end consumers or end customers.

Answer 3

supply chain

Question 4

the release of carbon compounds (such as carbon dioxide C02 and methane CH4) into the atmosphere.

Answer 4

Carbon emission (To talk about carbon emissions is simply to talk of greenhouse gas emissions, the main contributors to climate change.)

Question 5

It works by producing power without having negative environmental impacts, such as the release of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide.

Answer 5

Clean energy

Question 6

These are coal, oil, or natural gas that contain carbon and were formed as a result of geologic processes acting on the remains of ancient plants and animals.

Answer 6

Fossil fuels (Fossil fuels are mined from the earth and used as sources of energy. Fossil fuels are called so because they are derived from fossils, or organic matter that has been fossilized over millions of years.)

Question 7

the gradual warming of the earth because of heat trapped by carbon dioxide and other gases in the atmosphere

Answer 7

Greenhouse effect

Question 8

the presence in or introduction into the environment of a substance which has harmful or poisonous effects.

Answer 8

Pollution

Question 9

the action or process of converting waste into reusable material.

Answer 9

Recycling

Question 10

to cause something, especially a problem or difficulty.

Answer 10

pose a threat

Question 11

to ask for something very firmly, especially when you feel very strongly about it.

Answer 11

demand (She demanded to see the manager.)

Question 12

able to continue without causing damage to the environment.

Answer 12

sustainable (The government should do more to promote sustainable agriculture.)

Question 13

likely to change suddenly and become worse.

Answer 13

unstable (Then he lost his job, and their finances became unstable.)

Question 14

to have a difficult situation that you must deal with.

Answer 14

face (Emergency services are facing additional problems this winter.)

Question 15

very unusual and severe.

Answer 15

extreme (Extreme weather events are becoming more frequent.)

Question 16

with air that is very wet and usually hot.

Answer 16

humid (The air was hot and still and humid.)

Question 17

to say that something will happen, before it happens.

Answer 17

predict (Scientists are trying to predict what the Amazon will look like in 20 years’ time.)

Question 18

doing something or happening in a way that you expect.

Answer 18

predictable (The snow had a predictable effect on traffic.)

Question 19

the height of an object or place above the sea.

Answer 19

altitude (It’s very difficult to breathe at high altitudes.)

Question 20

to develop a seed or plant to produce new plants with particular qualities.

Answer 20

breed (past tense and past participle bred) (Agricultural companies are trying to breed drought-resistant wheat.)

Question 21

when two things are of different types and so cannot be used together.

Answer 21

incompatibility (The same game can’t be played on different machines, due to operating system incompatibility.)

Question 22

no longer considered useful or effective because something more modern exists.

Answer 22

outdated

Question 23

to share or divide something among more people or things.

Answer 23

spread (Her workload is heavy and demands that she spread her attention over several projects.)

Question 24

when something affects a larger number of people or involves a larger area.

Answer 24

Spread [singular] (The lack of clean water played a part in the rapid spread of the disease.)

Question 25

a situation in which there is no movement or activity at all.

Answer 25

standstill ( Trafic was at a standstill.)

Question 26

a change or addition to a computer file so that it has the most recent information.

Answer 26

update (The company has issued an update of its popular spreadsheet software.)

Question 27

the use of the internet to illegally see or damage the information on someone’s computer system.

Answer 27

cyberattack (The cyberattack prevented thousands of the bank’s customers from accessing their accounts.)

Question 28

software that stops a person or organisation from being able to use the information stored on their computer, unless they pay money to a criminal.

Answer 28

ransomware (The hospital was the latest victim in a series of ransomware attacks.)

Question 29

to begin to deal with a situation or problem in a particular way or with a particular attitude.

Answer 29

approach (It might be possible to approach the problem in a different way.)

Question 30

to question something and refuse to accept that it is right or fair.

Answer 30

challenge (It can be di cult to challenge aggressive behaviour, but it is necessary.)

Question 31

in a way that is good enough.

Answer 31

satisfactorily (The question has not been satisfactorily answered.)

Question 32

to provide what is needed or wanted.

Answer 32

satisfy (satisfied, satisfying, satisfies) (The programme is designed to satisfy the needs of adult learners.)

Question 33

thinking about things in a detailed and intelligent way, so that you can examine and understand things.

Answer 33

analytical (During the course, students will develop their analytical skills.)

Question 34

strongly influenced by the beliefs and ideas you have.

Answer 34

beliefs-driven (Consumers can be beliefs-driven about which products they buy— supporting Fair Trade or eco-friendly products, for example.)

Question 35

good at dealing with problems and making decisions based on what is possible and what will really work.

Answer 35

practical (I tried to calm down and be practical—what was the best thing to do?)

Question 36

good at using imagination to make things or solve problems.

Answer 36

creative (We need someone creative and enthusiastic to take this project forward.)

Question 37

active, con dent and enjoying spending time with other people.

Answer 37

extroverted (His cheerful, extroverted son makes friends easily.)

Question 38

quiet, shy and not always enjoying being with other people.

Answer 38

introverted (He was quiet and somewhat introverted, but always friendly.)

Question 39

carefully organised, planned or arranged.

Answer 39

structured (The interviews were highly structured.)

Question 40

able to change or be changed easily to suit a new situation.

Answer 40

Flexible (We can be flexible about your starting date.)

Question 41

to recognise or discover something and understand what it is like.

Answer 41

identify (identified, identifying, identifies) (They identified a number of problem areas)

Question 42

to continue to be more successful or make more progress than someone or something else.

Answer 42

stay ahead of something/someone (They keep coming out with cool new features to stay ahead of their competitors.)

Question 43

suggesting that something should be done in order to avoid problems or risks.

Answer 43

advisable [not before noun] (Regular medical check-ups are advisable.)

Question 44

to take action or make changes that you have officially decided should happen.

Answer 44

implement (We have decided to implement the committee’s recommendations in full.)

Question 45

not fair or sensible.

Answer 45

unreasonable (It didn’t seem like an unreasonable request.)

Question 46

an action or series of actions that you could take in order to deal with a particular situation.

Answer 46

course of action ( I agreed that this was the only sensible course of action.)