VNS L1 Flashcards
Tell me one of the main function of the body ?
Is the mentanance of homeosatsis
What is the regulation mean ?
Is the changeing the course of any function or process with purpose if achieving a particular result
Example of regultory reaction ?
Functioning of certain selected cells , human social behavior
Classifaction ( or the general charitrasic ) of ogranism regulatory mechanisms
- nervous
Levels : - central = by central neveous system
-Phriphral = by metasympathtic nervous system - humoral
Levels:
General : hormonal
Preiphral : paracrine
What is the humoral regulation ? And example
Its implemnted though releasing regltory substance into body fluid
Ex- blood
What is the nervous ( or reflix ) reglatory
It is implemented through the nervous system , using redlixes
What is the general humral regulation ?
Its carried out by Endocrine glands = like hypothalmus , the thyroid gland , sexual gland , though releasing hormons into blood , which are spread by ut thoughout have general effect and also can called ( endocrine regulation )
What is the phriephral humoral regulation
Its carried out by APUD-System ,
APUD-system - its group of sepratly deffusely located secretory cells , which are persent in larg numbers in practically all organs , and they are secret their secretes into inter cellular fulid of the given organ, and therefore can affect only the activtes of this organ , and thats method of regulation called paracrine regulation
What is the hormons
Hormons is a substance secreted by glands if internal secetion into the blood stream , and its regulate the actevites of various ograns ans systems of whole body
What is the central nervous regulation ?
Its level which is able to modfiy the activtiy of all organs and body system is implmented by CNS
What is the local level of nervous regulation ?
Its linked into the implemntaion of prephral reflexes and functioning of peripheal nervous system , local reflexis carreid out by Metsympathic nervous system
What is the classfication of CNS anatomaclly
Spinal cord , brain , mudulla oblongata mid brain
What us the parts of the CNS function physiologcally ?
- Somatic nervous system (SoNS)- main
- vegtative nervous system (VNS) Mian
- meta sympathatic nervous system (MNS) saidly
What is the Somatic system ?
Its system which regulate the actevity of Skelatel Muscles, and its volnteerly
What is the Vegtative nervous system ?
Its system regulate the internal organs of the body
- Inclouding 2 parts
1- Sympataic nervous system
2- parasympathtic nervous system
What is the sympathatic nervous system ?
- function : rising heart rait , blood vessles constrict , glocuse relessing from liver
- fibers orignate from : thoacic and lumber region of spinal cord
It has short perganglionic and long postganglionic fibers
- the ganglia is near to spinal cord
What is the parasympathatic nervous system ?
- function : digestion of the food , general mentanince
- Fibers oregnate from ?
Brain or sacral region of the spinal cord - it has long pergangloinc and short postganglionc fibers
The ganglia in the effector organs
How parasymplathatic and sympathatic systems are work toghther
Though dual innervation
What is the main deffreince between SoNS and VNS
1-higher centers 2- lower centers 3 - motor Element 4- mediator 5- receptors 6 - segmntal metamaric 7 - Effector 8- functonial deffrencises 9 -voronterness
Wha is the meaning of Humor in Latin ?
Its mean Liquid , wet , fluid
Explain the deffrence in Higher Center between Sons and VNS
- SoNS : higher Center is Cortex precebtral gyrus where the pyramdil tract start its termenates a- and y- motornuouns of spinal cord
- VNS : higher center is Hypothalmus
Explain the deffrence in lower Center between Sons and VNS
-SoNS : motornuoron is located in the Ant, horn of the substance of spinal cord
There are the a- and y- motornouron
VNS : the motornouron located in the latral horn of spinal cord or medulla oblangata
Explain the deffrence in motor element between Sons and VNS
-SoNs : its consist of 1 motor neroun and its located in Ant, horn
-VNS: its consist of 2 motor neroun
1 located in latral Horn
1 located out of CNS called ( vegtative ganglia )
Explain the deffrence in mediaitor between Sons and VNS
- SoNS : on Effector ( muscles ) Acyticholein ( ACH ) is Secreted
- VNS : imuplses transmission carried out by Acytilcholine (ACH ) or noradrenalin (NA)
Explain the deffrence in Receptors between Sons and VNS
-SoNS : on the effctor only
N-cholinorecptor (N-h/r)
-VNS : on the 2nd motorneourn
N-cholinorecptor , and on the effctor ethier M-cholinoreceptor or adrenorecptor ,
Explain the deffrence in Segmental meta maric between Sons and VNS
-SoNS : somatic nerve Fibers leave the spinal cord segmentally and overlap with innervating at least 3 nighbouring metamers
-VNS : has no prenciple of segmental meatmaric innervation
VNS fibers go from 3 sites
- brain stem
-thoracolumbr
- sacral part
Then they distrbute on prephry and is consederd to be deffuse, they innervates the all vescral systems without any exeption which in the most cases have sympathatic and parasympathatic innervation
What is the MetaMers ?
Its part of the body surface and skelatal muscles innervating from 3 nighbouring of spinak cord
Explain the deffrence in Effector between Sons and VNS
-SoNS : effector is the skelatal muscles
-VNS: effector is ethier
1 smooth muscles
2 cardiac muscles
3 gland
Explain the in functonal deffreinces between Sons and VNS
- SoNS : regulate the tonic actevity of the skelatel muscles
- VNS : alters the actevtiy of the internal organs
Explain the deffrence in Volonterness between Sons and VNS
- SoNS : volontrely , you can change the toinc of the skelatel mucles
- VNS : unvolontry , volontrness of VNS is extremly low , however using somw Yoga training you can achive some missur of controling over the actevty if internal organs
Is the recepitve field ( intercalary ) or (addernt element ) are part of the VNS of SoNS ?
The answer is No
They are not part of the VNS or SoNS
But they are part of there reflixes archs
What is the diffrents between local and general humral
General : is carried out by Endocrine glands such as hypothalmus by releasing hormons into the blood , which regulate the ograns
Local : is carried out by so - called APUD-system and its relesing intercelular fluid and regulate the spicfic organ
What is the reflex ?
Its respons of the body , mediaite though the central nervous system CNS
Is the reflix cereberfugal respons to centripetal irritation ?
Yes
