VIVA: Pathology - Endocrine

Question 1

What are the principal complications of diabetes mellitus?

Answer 1

Vascular:
- Macro: atherosclerosis, CAD, PVD, RAS, HTN and CVA
- Microangiopathic: nephropathy (thickened BM, increased permeability of capillaries to plasma proteins), retinopathy, neuropathy

Pancreatic changes*:
- Loss of islet cells (number and size)
- Amyloid infiltration of islets

Renal:
- Sclerosis, BM thickening, glomerulosclerosis

Ocular:
- Proliferative and non-proliferative
- Haemorrhages
- Exudates
- Neovascularisation
- Detachment
- Glaucoma

Neuropathy

• needed to pass + 3/7