Viv Edwards

Question 1

The West Indian Language Issue in British Schools (1979)

Answer 1

second generation immigrants of African Caribbean descent struggled in school, teachers then judged them to have ‘low ability’ and then this resulted in a self fulfilling prophecy of linguistic insecurity and low achievement as a result

Question 2

Language in a Black Community (1986)

Answer 2

16-23 second generation speakers speak in a Caribbean heritage language which they have complete or almost complete, competence in speaking standard English and code switch.

Question 3

Additionally

Answer 3

ethnicity alone is not sufficient to explain language use. Age, culture, identity, class, education and employment all are significant factors

Question 4

Criticisms

Answer 4

old studies, ignored other ethnic groups speakers and only studied in the West Midlands