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Ther 201 LE 3 > Vitamins, Minerals and Dietary Supplements > Flashcards

Vitamins, Minerals and Dietary Supplements Flashcards

1
Q

organic molecules needed in small quantities for normal metabolism
attach to enzymes or coenzymes

A

vitamins

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2
Q

fat soluble vitamins

A

A, D, E, K

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3
Q

T/F daily intake is required for fat soluble vitamins

A

F

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4
Q

Vitamin A Function

A

growth and development of bones and teeth
reproduction
mucosal and epithelial surfaces integrity
cholesterol and steroid synthesis
night vision

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5
Q

Vitamin A indications

A

dietary supplement for pregnant women
hyperkeratosis of skin
night blindness
skin conditions: acne, psoriasis, keratosis follicularis

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6
Q

Vitamin A Toxicity manifestation

A

hair loss, nausea, diarrhea, blurred vision bone pain, irregular menstruation, fatigue
inc ICP
peeling of skin
fatal

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7
Q

Vitamin D forms

A 
D2
D3
calcifediol
calcitriol
dihydrotachysterol
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8
Q

Vitamin D2

A

Ergocalciferol

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9
Q

Vitamin D3

A

cholecalcifirol

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10
Q

D2 vs. D3

A

D2: plant, through diet
D3: skin by UV irradiation

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11
Q

Vitamin D Function

A

regulates absorption/use of Ca and P

necessary for normal calcification of bone and teeth

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12
Q

Vitamin D Indication

A

dietary supplement
vit D deficiency
long term deficiencies correction
osteoporosis prevention

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13
Q

Long Term Deficiencies example

A

ROT

rickets, osteomalacia, tetany

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14
Q

Vitamin D deficiency Causes

A

inadequate sun exposure
darker skin reduced sunlight penetration
people >65y/o have decreased capacity to synthesize VitD from sun
lower circulating VitD for obese people

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15
Q

Vitamin D Toxicity Manifestations

A

stunted growth, weight loss, thirst, sore eyes, itching skin
hypertension
vomiting, diarrhea, urinary urgency, abnormal calcium deposits

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16
Q

Vitamin E (name)

A

Tocopherol

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17
Q

Vitamin E function

A

anti-oxidant

treatment for deficiency (in prematures)

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18
Q

Vitamin E toxicity manifestation

A

death

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19
Q

Vitamin K types

A

K1
K2
K3

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20
Q

antidote for rat poisoning

A

K1 (Aquamephyton)

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21
Q

Vitamin K forms

A

animal: Menaquinone
plant: Phylloquinone (phyllo = leaf -> plant)

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22
Q

Vitamin K function

A

blood coagulation factor synthesis
Vit K dependentclotting factors (1972 (IX, X, VII, II)
bone metabolism

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23
Q

Vitamin K indications

A

supplement
treatment for deficiency states
reverse anticoagulant effects (Warfarin)

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24
Q

Cite examples of Deficiency States which can be treated with Vitamin K

A

antibiotic therapy (long term use)
new born infants
fat malabsorption (celiac disease, Crohns, Cystic fibrosis)
reduced blood clotting, excessive bleeding

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25
Vitamin K toxic effects
brain, liver damge jaundice RBC destruction
26
Water Soluble Vitamins
B, C
27
B1 (name)
Thiamine
28
B2 (name)
Riboflavin
29
B3 (name)
Niacin
30
B5 (name)
Panthotenic Acid
31
B6 (name)
Pyridoxine
32
B9 (name)
Folic Acid
33
B12 (name)
Cyanocobalamin
34
C (name)
Ascorbic Acid
35
T/F LARGE amounts of water soluble vitamins CANNOT be stored and thus REQUIRES DAILY intake
T
36
Thiamine Functions
- carbohydrate metab | - PNS, CVS and GIT integrity
37
Thiamine Indications
Beriberi Wernicke's Encephalopathy Peripheral neuritis
38
Antidote for alcohol poisoning
B1 (Thiamine)
39
Riboflavin functions
- Converted to enzymes for cellular respiration - B6 activation - tryptophan -> niacin - erythrocyte integrity
40
Deficiency in Riboflavin results in
Cheilosis Cutaneous, oral and corneal changes Seborrheic dermatitis Keratitis
41
type of anemia wherein B2(Riboflavin) is indicated
Microcytic Anemia
42
B2 Riboflavin indications
microcytic anemia acne migraine
43
Niacin functions
-converted into nicotinamide which is required to convert 2 coenzymes for (1) glycogenolysis (2) lipid,protein,purine metab
44
Niacin Deficiency results to
Pellagra
45
Niacin indication
Antihyperlipidemic agent - reduces VLDL synthesis
46
Niacin side effects
flushing pruritis GI distress
47
Pantothenic acid functions
fat processing | converts nutrients to energy
48
Pantothenic acid deficiency results to
tingling hands and feet | lost appetite
49
Pyridoxine functoins
- protein, lipid and carb utilization - tryptophan -> niacin - PNS, skin, mucous integrity
50
anemia related to Pyridoxine deficiency
Sideroblastic anemia
51
Pyridoxine deficiency results to
Sideroblastic anemia cheilosis - lip fissures xanthurenic aciduria - urine stones
52
Drugs which can cause pyridoxine deficiency
isoniazid, hydralazine
53
Pyridoxine toxicity results to
Neurotoxicity
54
Folic acid functions
avoid neurotubular defects | protects body from AA linked to heart disease and stroke
55
Folic acid deficiency is related to which type of anemia
Macrocytic anemia (enlarged RBC)
56
Cyanocobalamin functions
2 different coenzymes | required for many catabolic pathways
57
Cyanocobalamin deficiency is related to which type of anemia
Pernicious anemia
58
requirement for B12 absorption
``` Intrinsic factor (intrinsic + extrinsic factors form a complex absorbed by intestines) ```
59
intrinsic factor is a glycoprotein secreted by
gastric parietal cells
60
Vitamin C functions
redox, antioxidant required for metabolic activities IRON absorption
61
Vitamin C indications
dietary supplement scurvy high pH urine (it's an acidifier)
62
Vitamin C overdose causes
nausea headache stone formation
63
Mineral mainly found in dairy products
calcium
64
Groups requiring high calcium
children pregnant breastfeeding women
65
Ca functions
cell membrane and capillary permeability muscle contraction nerve conduction renal, respi, blood coagulation
66
required for efficient Ca absorption
Vit D
67
hypocalcemia causes
Ricketts (infantile) osteomalacia osteoporosis
68
Ca indications
hypocalcemia | pregnant
69
important drug interaction with Ca
tetracylines - form insolube complexes
70
principal intracellular fluid cation
Mg
71
Mg functions
bone structure, 300 enzyme system cofactors, ATP, DNA and proteins, vit D metab, contraction, blood clot
72
Mg indications
anticonvulsant | tocolytic agent - inhibits uterine contraction
73
Hypermagnesia effects
tendon reflex loss
74
Phosphorus functions
building block for body structures precursor for essential chemicals cellular ENERGY TRANSFER skeletal system and teeth maintenance
75
P indications
deficiency | poor diets
76
P overdose can cause
interference with iron absorption cause osteoporosis muscle spasms, convulsions
77
mineral helped to protect body from cancer
selenium
78
Zn function
for normal tissue growth and wound repair
79
Zn deficiency
Pneumonia DIARRHEA Common cold Age-related Macular degeneration
80
Zn overdose
may be linked to Alzheimer's Disease
81
important Zn drug interaction
high iron decreases Zn absorption | high Zn inhibits copper absorption
82
mineral stored in teeth and bones
fluoride
83
Fluoride function
teeh and bone maintenance | protects teeth from bacteria by combining with calcium and phosphorus
84
F deficiency
dental caries
85
F overdose
fluorosis - inc protein of enamel, makes it porous
86
Herb with coumadin interaction
Gingko biloba | inc risk of bleeding
87
shown to increase T lymphocyte cell counts
Ginseng
88
Garlic effects/claims
lower blood cholesterol | slow development of atherosclerosis
89
can safely relive pregnancy-reated nausea and vomiting
ginger
90
Green Tea effects/claims
protect by slowing growth of certain cancers | caffeine to improve mental alertness
91
St. John's Wort claim
used for mild to moderate depression
92
Drug interaction St. John's Wort
DEC effects: indinavir cyclosporin irinotecan
93
herb with proposed use for benign prostate hypertrophy
Saw Palmetto
94
Saw palmetto functions
anti inflamm, prolactin inhibition
95
Cranberry claim
UTI prevention/allev
96
Echinacea claim
used to treat and prevent colds, flu, other infection
97
Kava use
anxiety
98
herb used as CNS stimulant and decongestant
Ephedra
99
herb banned by FDA in April,2004 (Mean Girls reference daw)
Ephedra
100
Anti-arthritic
Chondroitin
101
Glutathione function
detoxification
102
Glutathione claims
liver problem allev | skin whitening
103
Omega 3 FA functions
anti-inflam, anti-clotting slow down abnormal thickening of artery walls caused by FA deposition lowers irregular heartbeats lower blood levels of triglycerides and cholesterol
104
Omega 3 FA examples
ALA - alpha-linoleic acid EPA - eicosapentaenoic acid DHA - docosahexaenoic acid
105
Creatine claims and problems
improve muscle power; muscle cramps
106
protein/AA claims and problems
muscle growth; dehydration, KIDNEY STRESS

Ther 201 LE 3 (9 decks)

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