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Ther 201 LE 3 > Vitamins, Minerals and Dietary Supplements > Flashcards

Vitamins, Minerals and Dietary Supplements Flashcards

1
Q

organic molecules needed in small quantities for normal metabolism
attach to enzymes or coenzymes

A

vitamins

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2
Q

fat soluble vitamins

A

A, D, E, K

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3
Q

T/F daily intake is required for fat soluble vitamins

A

F

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4
Q

Vitamin A Function

A

growth and development of bones and teeth
reproduction
mucosal and epithelial surfaces integrity
cholesterol and steroid synthesis
night vision

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5
Q

Vitamin A indications

A

dietary supplement for pregnant women
hyperkeratosis of skin
night blindness
skin conditions: acne, psoriasis, keratosis follicularis

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6
Q

Vitamin A Toxicity manifestation

A

hair loss, nausea, diarrhea, blurred vision bone pain, irregular menstruation, fatigue
inc ICP
peeling of skin
fatal

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7
Q

Vitamin D forms

A 
D2
D3
calcifediol
calcitriol
dihydrotachysterol
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8
Q

Vitamin D2

A

Ergocalciferol

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9
Q

Vitamin D3

A

cholecalcifirol

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10
Q

D2 vs. D3

A

D2: plant, through diet
D3: skin by UV irradiation

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11
Q

Vitamin D Function

A

regulates absorption/use of Ca and P

necessary for normal calcification of bone and teeth

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12
Q

Vitamin D Indication

A

dietary supplement
vit D deficiency
long term deficiencies correction
osteoporosis prevention

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13
Q

Long Term Deficiencies example

A

ROT

rickets, osteomalacia, tetany

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14
Q

Vitamin D deficiency Causes

A

inadequate sun exposure
darker skin reduced sunlight penetration
people >65y/o have decreased capacity to synthesize VitD from sun
lower circulating VitD for obese people

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15
Q

Vitamin D Toxicity Manifestations

A

stunted growth, weight loss, thirst, sore eyes, itching skin
hypertension
vomiting, diarrhea, urinary urgency, abnormal calcium deposits

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16
Q

Vitamin E (name)

A

Tocopherol

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17
Q

Vitamin E function

A

anti-oxidant

treatment for deficiency (in prematures)

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18
Q

Vitamin E toxicity manifestation

A

death

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19
Q

Vitamin K types

A

K1
K2
K3

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20
Q

antidote for rat poisoning

A

K1 (Aquamephyton)

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21
Q

Vitamin K forms

A

animal: Menaquinone
plant: Phylloquinone (phyllo = leaf -> plant)

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22
Q

Vitamin K function

A

blood coagulation factor synthesis
Vit K dependentclotting factors (1972 (IX, X, VII, II)
bone metabolism

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23
Q

Vitamin K indications

A

supplement
treatment for deficiency states
reverse anticoagulant effects (Warfarin)

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24
Q

Cite examples of Deficiency States which can be treated with Vitamin K

A

antibiotic therapy (long term use)
new born infants
fat malabsorption (celiac disease, Crohns, Cystic fibrosis)
reduced blood clotting, excessive bleeding

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25
Q

Vitamin K toxic effects

A

brain, liver damge
jaundice
RBC destruction

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26
Q

Water Soluble Vitamins

A

B, C

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27
Q

B1 (name)

A

Thiamine

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28
Q

B2 (name)

A

Riboflavin

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29
Q

B3 (name)

A

Niacin

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30
Q

B5 (name)

A

Panthotenic Acid

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31
Q

B6 (name)

A

Pyridoxine

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32
Q

B9 (name)

A

Folic Acid

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33
Q

B12 (name)

A

Cyanocobalamin

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34
Q

C (name)

A

Ascorbic Acid

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35
Q

T/F LARGE amounts of water soluble vitamins CANNOT be stored and thus REQUIRES DAILY intake

A

T

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36
Q

Thiamine Functions

A
  • carbohydrate metab

- PNS, CVS and GIT integrity

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37
Q

Thiamine Indications

A

Beriberi
Wernicke’s Encephalopathy
Peripheral neuritis

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38
Q

Antidote for alcohol poisoning

A

B1 (Thiamine)

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39
Q

Riboflavin functions

A
  • Converted to enzymes for cellular respiration
  • B6 activation
  • tryptophan -> niacin
  • erythrocyte integrity
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40
Q

Deficiency in Riboflavin results in

A

Cheilosis
Cutaneous, oral and corneal changes
Seborrheic dermatitis
Keratitis

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41
Q

type of anemia wherein B2(Riboflavin) is indicated

A

Microcytic Anemia

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42
Q

B2 Riboflavin indications

A

microcytic anemia
acne
migraine

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43
Q

Niacin functions

A

-converted into nicotinamide which is required to convert 2 coenzymes for (1) glycogenolysis (2) lipid,protein,purine metab

44
Q

Niacin Deficiency results to

A

Pellagra

45
Q

Niacin indication

A

Antihyperlipidemic agent - reduces VLDL synthesis

46
Q

Niacin side effects

A

flushing
pruritis
GI distress

47
Q

Pantothenic acid functions

A

fat processing

converts nutrients to energy

48
Q

Pantothenic acid deficiency results to

A

tingling hands and feet

lost appetite

49
Q

Pyridoxine functoins

A
  • protein, lipid and carb utilization
  • tryptophan -> niacin
  • PNS, skin, mucous integrity
50
Q

anemia related to Pyridoxine deficiency

A

Sideroblastic anemia

51
Q

Pyridoxine deficiency results to

A

Sideroblastic anemia
cheilosis - lip fissures
xanthurenic aciduria - urine stones

52
Q

Drugs which can cause pyridoxine deficiency

A

isoniazid, hydralazine

53
Q

Pyridoxine toxicity results to

A

Neurotoxicity

54
Q

Folic acid functions

A

avoid neurotubular defects

protects body from AA linked to heart disease and stroke

55
Q

Folic acid deficiency is related to which type of anemia

A

Macrocytic anemia (enlarged RBC)

56
Q

Cyanocobalamin functions

A

2 different coenzymes

required for many catabolic pathways

57
Q

Cyanocobalamin deficiency is related to which type of anemia

A

Pernicious anemia

58
Q

requirement for B12 absorption

A 
Intrinsic factor 
(intrinsic + extrinsic factors form a complex absorbed by intestines)
59
Q

intrinsic factor is a glycoprotein secreted by

A

gastric parietal cells

60
Q

Vitamin C functions

A

redox, antioxidant
required for metabolic activities
IRON absorption

61
Q

Vitamin C indications

A

dietary supplement
scurvy
high pH urine (it’s an acidifier)

62
Q

Vitamin C overdose causes

A

nausea
headache
stone formation

63
Q

Mineral mainly found in dairy products

A

calcium

64
Q

Groups requiring high calcium

A

children
pregnant
breastfeeding women

65
Q

Ca functions

A

cell membrane and capillary permeability
muscle contraction
nerve conduction
renal, respi, blood coagulation

66
Q

required for efficient Ca absorption

A

Vit D

67
Q

hypocalcemia causes

A

Ricketts (infantile)
osteomalacia
osteoporosis

68
Q

Ca indications

A

hypocalcemia

pregnant

69
Q

important drug interaction with Ca

A

tetracylines - form insolube complexes

70
Q

principal intracellular fluid cation

A

Mg

71
Q

Mg functions

A

bone structure, 300 enzyme system cofactors, ATP, DNA and proteins, vit D metab, contraction, blood clot

72
Q

Mg indications

A

anticonvulsant

tocolytic agent - inhibits uterine contraction

73
Q

Hypermagnesia effects

A

tendon reflex loss

74
Q

Phosphorus functions

A

building block for body structures
precursor for essential chemicals
cellular ENERGY TRANSFER
skeletal system and teeth maintenance

75
Q

P indications

A

deficiency

poor diets

76
Q

P overdose can cause

A

interference with iron absorption
cause osteoporosis
muscle spasms, convulsions

77
Q

mineral helped to protect body from cancer

A

selenium

78
Q

Zn function

A

for normal tissue growth and wound repair

79
Q

Zn deficiency

A

Pneumonia
DIARRHEA
Common cold
Age-related Macular degeneration

80
Q

Zn overdose

A

may be linked to Alzheimer’s Disease

81
Q

important Zn drug interaction

A

high iron decreases Zn absorption

high Zn inhibits copper absorption

82
Q

mineral stored in teeth and bones

A

fluoride

83
Q

Fluoride function

A

teeh and bone maintenance

protects teeth from bacteria by combining with calcium and phosphorus

84
Q

F deficiency

A

dental caries

85
Q

F overdose

A

fluorosis - inc protein of enamel, makes it porous

86
Q

Herb with coumadin interaction

A

Gingko biloba

inc risk of bleeding

87
Q

shown to increase T lymphocyte cell counts

A

Ginseng

88
Q

Garlic effects/claims

A

lower blood cholesterol

slow development of atherosclerosis

89
Q

can safely relive pregnancy-reated nausea and vomiting

A

ginger

90
Q

Green Tea effects/claims

A

protect by slowing growth of certain cancers

caffeine to improve mental alertness

91
Q

St. John’s Wort claim

A

used for mild to moderate depression

92
Q

Drug interaction St. John’s Wort

A

DEC effects:
indinavir
cyclosporin
irinotecan

93
Q

herb with proposed use for benign prostate hypertrophy

A

Saw Palmetto

94
Q

Saw palmetto functions

A

anti inflamm, prolactin inhibition

95
Q

Cranberry claim

A

UTI prevention/allev

96
Q

Echinacea claim

A

used to treat and prevent colds, flu, other infection

97
Q

Kava use

A

anxiety

98
Q

herb used as CNS stimulant and decongestant

A

Ephedra

99
Q

herb banned by FDA in April,2004 (Mean Girls reference daw)

A

Ephedra

100
Q

Anti-arthritic

A

Chondroitin

101
Q

Glutathione function

A

detoxification

102
Q

Glutathione claims

A

liver problem allev

skin whitening

103
Q

Omega 3 FA functions

A

anti-inflam, anti-clotting
slow down abnormal thickening of artery walls caused by FA deposition
lowers irregular heartbeats
lower blood levels of triglycerides and cholesterol

104
Q

Omega 3 FA examples

A

ALA - alpha-linoleic acid
EPA - eicosapentaenoic acid
DHA - docosahexaenoic acid

105
Q

Creatine claims and problems

A

improve muscle power; muscle cramps

106
Q

protein/AA claims and problems

A

muscle growth; dehydration, KIDNEY STRESS

Ther 201 LE 3 (9 decks)

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