Antiparasitics

Question 1

Examples of Protozoa

Answer 1

plasmodium
trichomonas
amoeba
giardia
pneumocystis
toxoplasma

Question 2

Examples of Helminths

Answer 2

tapeworms
flukes
roundworms
pinworms
hookworms

Question 3

Chemotherapy of Amoebiasis

Answer 3

diloxanide fuoranate
paromomycin
metronidazole

Question 4

Chemotherapy of Malaria

Answer 4

chloroquine, primaquine, sulfadoxine+pyrimethamine, quinine, tetracycline, artemether-lumefantrin

Question 5

Chemotherapy of Giardiasis

Answer 5

Metronidazole

Question 6

Amoebiasis etiologic agent

Answer 6

Entamoeba hystolitica

Question 7

common symptom of amoebiasis

Answer 7

bloody stool

Question 8

nonpathogenic Entamoeba and its difference

Answer 8

E. dispar / microscopic.

E. hystolitica ingests RBC

Question 9

Why is amoebiasis both over and underreported?

Answer 9

Under - infected don’t seek medical attention

Over - misdiagnosed nonpathogenic cases

Question 10

Types of Amebicides

Answer 10

Mixed

Luminal

Question 11

eradicate intestinal and systemic amoeba

Answer 11

Mixed

eg. Metronidazole

Question 12

eradicate intestinal amoeba ONLY

Answer 12

Luminal

eg. Diloxonide, paramycin

Question 13

Spectrum of Metronidazole

Answer 13

Anaerobes
Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacilli
Gram-positive cocci
Parasites: T. vaginalis,  E. histolytica, Giardia lamblia
H. pylori

Question 14

ADME Metronidazole

Answer 14

90-100% BA, wide distribution, 30-60% metabolized in liver to hydroxymetronidazole (60-80% bioactive), t1/2 - 5012 hours, excretoin via urine and feces (20, 6-15%)

Question 15

Metronidazole Indication

Answer 15

anaerobic infections due to Bacteroides fragilis including those involving the CNS
Antibiotic induced pseudomembranous colitis
Bacterial vaginosis
Prophylaxis of anaerobes in colorectal and gyne surgery

Question 16

Metronidazole ADR

Answer 16

Nausea
Headache
dry mouth 
metallic taste
pancreatitis
ataxia
encephalopathy
seizures

Question 17

Drug Interactions Metronidazole

Answer 17

Disulfiram-like reaction when given with alcohol

Question 18

Diloxanide furoate ADR

Answer 18

flatulence, dry mouth, urticarial pruritus

Question 19

Causes of Malaria

Answer 19

Plasmodium
P. falciparum (most common)
P. vivax
P. ovale
P. malariae

Question 20

Types of Malarial Drugs

Answer 20

Blood Schizonticide

Tissue Schizonticide

Question 21

T/F Monotherapy is advised in Malaria.

Answer 21

F! Always in combination

Question 22

Blood Schizonticide examples

Answer 22

FQCAM
Fansidar
Quinine
Chloroquine
Artemisinin
Mefloquine

Question 23

Tissue Schizonticide examples

Answer 23

Primaquine

Question 24

not used anymore in Palawan due to reported resistance

Answer 24

Chloroquine

Question 25

reported to have caused psychiatric problem in American soldiers after prophylaxis

Answer 25

Mefloquine

Question 26

First line drugs for Malaria

Answer 26

Artemisining combination drugs

Question 27

Brain available in the Philippines for Malaria

Answer 27

Coartem (Artemether - Lumefantrine)

Question 28

Artemether MOA

Answer 28

inhibition of parasite calcium ATPase