Vitamins and Nutrition Flashcards
deficiency of vitamin A causes what
bitot spots and night blindness
excess vitamin a causes
pseudotumor cerebrii
treatment for intracranial HTN is
acetozolamide
what does vitamin k def cause
hemorrhage disease of the NB
who ia vitamin k def mainly seen in
babies who breast feed and don’t receive at birth ( oral vitamin K will not do anything)
how does vitamin k def present
bleeding umbilical stump
who does late vitamin k def usually occur in
babies who are BF and has a course of abx
how to treat vitamin k def
FFP + vitamin k
which vitamin def presents with ataxia, slow reflexes, Neuro issues and hemolytic anemia and is typically associated with TPN
vitamin e
what vitamin excess can cause hypercalcemia induced diuresis
vitamin d
how to treat someone with excess vitamin d
fluids and furosemide
vitamin D 25 is made where, 1, 25 is made where
liver, kidney
if worried for GI issues/process in the setting of vitamin def what do you measure
vitamin D 25
what are some PE presentations of rickets
widening of the wrist and ankle growth plates, tibial bowing, anorexia and rachitic rosary
what causes familial hypophsphatemic ricks
lack of absorption of phosphorous at the proximal tubule and the inability for the kidney to cover D 25 to D 1,25
treatment for hypophosphatemic rickets
phosphorous and vitamin D 1,25
in what two conditions is calcium normal and phos is low
hypophosphatemic rickets and rickets
when will you see both low calcium and phosphorous
severe vitamin d deficiency
when is calcium low and phosphorous is high
hypoparathyroidism phos overload or pseudohyoparathyroidism ( PTH is high but there is resistance)
what will present with both low calcium and phos
initial vitamin d depletion
how to treat premature babies with vitamin d def
vit d+ calcium + phos
how does liver dysfunction cause low vitamin d
decrease in bile salts so d 25 won’t be absorbed as well
how does vitamin B1 thiamine def present
ataxia, high output heart failure ( wet beriberi) and delirium
how does riboflavin B2 present
angulaire chelous, see derm and anemia
what intervention in babies can cause low riboflavin
phototherapy
how does niacin def present
pellagra ( dementia, diarrhea and dermatitis)
what is a diet high in in a person with niacin deficiency
corn
what disease is associated with niacin deficiency but deals with lack of neutral amino acid absorption like tryptophan and presents with pellagra like sis
hartnup disease
pyridoxine def can be casued by what medication
isoniazid
how does biotin def present
ataxia, alopecia and rash
goat milk ingestion is associated with what vitamin def
folate
where is intrisinc factor made
parietal cells in stomach
where is vitamin b12 absorbed in the GUT
terminal ileum
since b 12 is absorbed in the terminal ileum what conditions can cause its deficiency
bacterial overgrowth, short bowel or IBD
what happens if you mask b12 def with folate
you can cause irreversible Neuro changes
bone issues + bleeding gums makes you think
scurvy
excess vitamin c can cause what
kidney stones and hemolytic anemia in G6PDD patients
what vitamin dose BF help absorb
zinc
how does zinc def present
extremely scaly erythematous rash in perioral and perianal regions
- it can be associated with poor taste and alopecia
patient with crohn’s and diarrhea should make you think of what vitamin def
zinc
what is the autosomal recessive condition that causes a defect in zinc transport causing alopecia, rash, FTT and diarrhea
acrodermatitis enteropathic
copper deficiency causes what PE finding
kinky hair
how to calculate energy requirements for kids
100 x 1st 10kg
50 x 2nd 10kg
25 x remaining KG
kwashiorkor is caused by what deficiency
protein
name two essential fatty acids that without will lead to alopecia, scaly rash and thrombocytopenia
linoleic acid and alpha linoleic acid
