Neonatology Flashcards
when do babies double weight
4 months
when does weight triple
by 1 year
LGA is what number
> 3900gW
what is SGA
<2500g
LBW?
<2500
VLBW?
<1500
ELBW
<1000g
avg length and HC for baby
50cm and 35cm
avg weight for baby
3.25kg
how to determine avg length at 1,4 and 13
1.5x
2x
3x
how to calculate mid parental ht for a boy vs girl
mh+dh+5”’ or13cm/2 –> boy
mh+dh - 5or 13cm/2 –> girl
what is approx length for boys and girls
2-3.3 inches a year or 5-8.3cm
what is the leading cause of infant death
chromosome abnormality
how much does head circle increase by in 1st 6 months and then until 1 year
1cm/month and then 0.5cm/month
what percentile categorizes macrocephaly
> 97th percentile
large head and bulging fontanelle should make you think
hydrocephalus
what is baby daily requirement of
- protein
- sodium
-potassium
- premie protein
- 2-2.5g/d
- 3/d
-2/d
-3.5/d
what is the outer part of the trophoblast that is closest to mom
syncytuym
what is caloric need for term infants
100-120
what is calorie need for premature infants
more than 120
exclusively breastfed babies are at risk for what vitamin deficiencies
Vitamin E and K
What two products does breast milk have that helps with neurodevelopment
arachadnoic acid and DHA
what Ig is high in colostrum
IgA
name some contraindications to BF
- active HIV
- Active HSV lesions
- active TB
-galactose deficiency
-sulfa drugs in 1st month of life
standard formula is what calorie
20kcal/oz
what age doe premature infants need iron at
2 months
what age doe term babies require iron
4-6 months
how much iron should formula have in it
12mg/L per day
when is surfactant made
around 35 weeks and by type II pneumocystis
what electolye abnormality is seen in IDM babies
hypocalcemia
late preterm is what GA
34-36+6
babies who drink formula require Vitamin D supplementation If they are having less than how many ounces
32 a day
when do you give rhogam
28 weeks and again 72 hr post delivery
children with CF or rickets need how much vitamin D a day
1600IU
what age and weight is ROP a rsik at
<29 weeks or <1500g
this kind of jaundice occurs in the first few days of life due to insufficenct ,milk intake from BF
breast FEEDING jaundice
this kind of jaundice happens in the first week of BF and is due to maternal steroids decreaseing conjugation enzye in baby leading to hyperbili ( indirect)
breast MILK jaundice
jaundice on day one of life should make you cinsider
TORCH
G6PD deficiency
should phototherapy be used direct hyperbili
no because it can cause bronze baby syndrome.
name the values when to start phototherapy at the following hours.
- 24 hours
- 48 hours
-72 hours
- 8
-11
-13
when to give Rhogam
28 weeks and 72 hours after birth
why doesn’t rhesus affect the first pregnancy?
because IgM is creasted which cannot cross the palcenta, second time around IgG is created which is small enough to cross and affect the baby
who doea ABO incompatibility occur in
mother O group because she has anti a and b affecting AB baby
who does G6pd affect
boys ( xlinked) and AAs and mediterranian
what is a finding on smear with kids with G6PD
Heinz bodies
a baby who is less than 1 month is classified as a
neonate
a baby who is 1 month to 12 months is classified as a
infant
apnea is defined as how many seconds between breaths
20 seconds or more, less is periodic breathing of newborn
how to treat apnea in neonate
caffeine or theophylline
which kind of apena is not reversible with stimulation
secondary
whne to screen for gbs in mom
35-37 weeks
what meds should be given IAP for gbs mom
ampcillin, PNC or cefazolin 4+ hrs before birth
what are the two drugs to treat GBS in NB
amp + gent ( add cefotaxime/cefepime/ceftazidime if worried for meningitis)
anemia is considered when in newborn
value under 13
what is apt test used for
when NG aspirate in NB is blood, allows to differentiate between mother and babies blood
hypoglycemia is classifed at what value in neonate
<40
what do you treat hypoglycemia in a neonate with
2ml/kg of D10
if you need to start glucose drip in baby what do you use
80ml/kg/day d10
how doyou trreat meconium plug
gastrograffin enema
NEC in an older child should make you think of what diagnosis
typhllitis
when to get inflammatory markers in ROS
infants 22-28 days
when to get urine in ROS
infants 8-21 days
how many hours do the following infants cry
1 month
2 month
3 month
- 3hr
-2hr
-1hr
a baby who cries for > 3 hours for at least 3 times a day for at least 3 weeks in a patient 3 week - 3 month old, what is this
colic
how many hours a day does a NB sleep
18
from approximately 5 months to 3 years how much sleep does baby need
12-14
should VLBW babies get D5
no they should get D10, otherwise they will have insufficient calories
when do you need to add electrolytes to to IVF for newborns
72 hours
what is arthrogryposis multiplex
contractures due to idiopathic decreased fetal movement
hematoma that is subperiosteal
cephalohematoma
hematoma that can cross suture lines
caput succedaneum
which kind of hemorrhage displaces a babies ears
subgaleal hemorrhage
when should you worry if cord hasnt fallen off
more than 4 weeks
single umbilical artery should make you consider what.
renal issues ad VACTERL
what does VACTERL
V - vertebral anomalies
A- anal atresia
C- cardiac defects
T- TEF
R - radial/renal anomalies
L - limb issues
this condition is characterized by midline birth defects like agenesis of corpus callosum, hypertelorism, cleft lip, heart defects and hypospadias
Opitz syndrome
a type of dwarfism that includes growth retardation, clinodactyly, small chin that’s triangular and hypospadias
Russell-silver syndrome
what is a concerning NB penile length
<2.5cm
what is a common benign placental tumor that can cause hydrops
choriangioma
scalp pH<7.2 in a baby means
deliver immediately!
early deceleration
head compression
late decel
placental insufficiency
varaible decel
cord compression.
