vitamins and minerals

Question 1

what are all 8 fit B involved in

Answer 1

in tricarboxilic acid or citric acid, Krebs cycle, energy release

Question 2

list 8 B vit

Answer 2

thiamin B1
riboflavin  B2
niacin  B3
pyridoxin  B4
cobalamin B12
folic acid
pantothenic acid
biotin

Question 3

tell key points on thiamine

Answer 3

active in phosphorylated form
helps to convert carbs to energy
Beriberi deficiency ( red spots around mouth)
instable, need to get constant supply

Question 4

tell about riboflavin

Answer 4

key for metabolism and red blood cells
deficiency: ariboflavinosis
found in most foods largely in meat
good stability, but UV can damage

Question 5

niacin

Answer 5

• energy production
• redox reaction
• in blood, brain liver and kidney convert to coenzyme NAD and NADP
• tryptophan is a precursor to niacin
• pallegra
• good stability

Question 6

pyridoxin

Answer 6

involved in chemical reactions of amino acids and proteins
seen in 3 forms : pyridoxol pyridoxal and pyridoxamine
stability varies by source

Question 7

cobalamin

Answer 7

• is only organometallic compound with stable carbon metal bond
• found only in animals
• requires cobalt to stable it
• helps nervous system red blood cells and DNA synthesis
• deficincy- NS disorder , caused by failure to produce extrinsic factor to stabilise it

Question 8

folic acid

Answer 8

• important for synthesis of new cells, metabolism of RNA and DNA, NS, bone marrow, foetus development and function
• found in green leafy veg
• pregnant women must take it
• coenzyme in many metabolic pathways
• neurological problems

Question 9

biotin B4 or pantothenic acid

Answer 9

metabolism help and synthesis of few hormones
found in plant and animal based foods
deficiencies are rare

Question 10

Vit C

Answer 10

• bone health, blood vessels health, cell structure
• helps to absorb iron
• its as antioxidant
• scurvy - rare now

Question 11

name fat soluble vit

Answer 11

A D K E

Question 12

vit A

Answer 12

important for vision, bones , skin
stored in liver
beta carotene and carotenoids are converted to vit A
direct source- liver, egg yolk , oily fish
indirect- beta carotene
very stable

Question 13

Vit D

Answer 13

helps to absorb calcium and phosphorus 
important for bone mineralisation 
only animal sources 
synthesis from UV 
D3 from 7- dehydrocholesterol
D2 from ergosterol
rickets- weak bones on children

Question 14

Vit E

Answer 14

-antioxidant
-collection of 8 fat soluble mol :alpha tocopherol - most common and biologically active
-important for muscles and red blood cells
-toxicity and deficiency are rare
-acts as blood thinner
dairy , whole grains and veg

Question 15

vit K

Answer 15

exists in 3 forms:
K1- found in plants
K2- synthesised by bacteria in animal intestine
K3- can be converted to K2 in intestine
important for blood clotting,involbed in production of prothrombin protein
meat, dairy, green veg, fruits
sensitive to light, acid, alkaline and oxidising agents

Question 16

what do two categories of minerals include

Answer 16

Major: calcium, magnesium, chloride, phosphorus, potassium, sodium
Trace- iron, zinc, iodine, copper

Question 17

Sodium

Answer 17

• helps to maintain fluidity and nerve impulse
• muscle contraction and relaxation
• too much can be associated with CVD and may lead to fluid retention
• 77% from proceeded and prepared food

Question 18

calcium

Answer 18

most abundant
99% in bones
needed for bone health and digestive system
secondary messenger singling effector

Question 19

iron

Answer 19

70% of iron is in hemoglobin
most widespread deficiency , anti-nutritional factor
vit C promote absorption of iron
dark chocolate, meat, beans